Multiservice Networks Research Articles

COMPARISON OF HYPEREXPONENTIAL AND GROUP POISSON TRAFFIC MODELSOF MULTISERVICE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

The goal of the study was to compare hyperexponential and group Poisson flows of requests as models of burst traffic of multiservice communication networks. Various traffic models are considered for the problem of approximating the average queue created by video traffic of modern multiservice networks. Poisson and hyperexponential flows, both ordinary and group, are also considered. It is shown that group flows of both types are suitable for the task of approximating the video traffic queue. Group Poisson flows make it possible to obtain very simple analytical dependences of the average values of queues on the load factor of queuing systems and are therefore the most preferable. The inadequacy of using ordinary hyperexponential models for approximating burst flows of requests is also provided shown, since, at low values of the load factor, the dependences of the average values of queues for hyperexponential flows are practically close to zero, while the indicated dependences for burst flows have a very significant slope angle. The conclusions drawn are confirmed by the results of simulation modeling.

Future satellite communications: Satellite constellations and connectivity from space

Satellite communications is currently undergoing a massive growth, with a rapid expansion in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) networks, and a range of new satellite technologies. Until very recently, satellite communication systems and terrestrial 5/6G wireless networks have been complementary distinct entities. There is now the opportunity to bring these networks together and deliver an integrated global coverage multi-service network. Achieving this will require solving some key research challenges, and leveraging new technologies including high frequency phased-array antennas, onboard processing, dynamic beam hopping, physical layer signal processing algorithms, transmission waveforms, and adaptive inter-satellite links and routing. By integrating seamlessly with terrestrial 5/6G networks and low altitude flying access points, future satellite networks promise to deliver universal connectivity on a global scale, overcoming geographical limitations. In this special issue, we focus on the future of satellite communications, exploring topics ranging from beam hopping and design to space routing and THz satellite communications. Our aim is to shed light on the potential of these emerging technologies and their role in reshaping the landscape of global connectivity.

A New Model of the Limited Availability Group with Priorities for Multi-Service Networks

In this article, a new analytical model is proposed for a limited-availability group serving a mixture of multiservice BPP (Binomial, Poisson, Pascal) traffic. The model assumes that the different traffic classes belonging to this traffic mixture have priorities that affect their ability to be served. The model includes for the first time the possibility of handling priority traffic through a limited availability group and assumes the possibility of handling priority BPP traffic. The proposed model has been subjected to a number of investigations in which a number of different BPP traffic classes and a number of different priority arrangements have been considered. In this article, the authors present exemplary results of the numerical experiments that illustrate the possible applications of this model to analyze links in a multiservice network. The presented computational results were also compared with the results of simulation experiments, which confirmed the satisfactory accuracy of the proposed model. This allows the model to be easily applied in practice for modeling, analysis, and dimensioning of modern multiservice networks, such as cellular or elastic optical networks.

Method of operating assessment of the state of network elements to ensure the quality of services in corporate high­speed multiservice communication networks

The article proposes intelligent methods and algorithms for operational assessment of the state of network elements to ensure indicators of the quality of communication services in corporate multi-service communication networks that function in a mode close to real time. A feature of corporate multi-service networks is the high dynamics of changes in their state. And the task of the automated network management system is to ensure the given quality of communication services. Thus, the relevance of this study is determined by the need to implement network management processes in a mode close to real time, with a given quality. The basis of the method of operational assessment of the state of network elements is the concept of using intelligent agents. In the proposed approach, intelligent agents are created as hierarchical fuzzy situational networks, in which management decisions, in contrast to known methods based on the application of reference situations, are produced on the basis of solving a hierarchical system of optimization tasks based on fuzzy mathematical programming methods. The main paradigm of their functioning is «situation – action». This makes it possible to significantly reduce the dimension of the task to be solved and obtain Pareto-optimal solutions for managing the quality of communication services. The intelligent agent of management solutions can be implemented automatically, provided that the network administrator delegates such capabilities to it. The method of estimating traffic parameters is based on the concept of conditional nonlinear Pareto-optimal filtering. Its essence is to apply a two-stage procedure; at the first stage, a forecast of the values of parameter estimates is made, but in the second, with the receipt of the following observations, their values are adjusted. The average relative error of traffic parameter estimation does not exceed 10%, which is sufficiently operational for managing the quality of communication services.

Estimation of the Noise Immunity Characteristics of Telecommunication Network

The harmful impacts of various interference sources in the communication channel of data transmission systems and an increasing noise immunity in linear distortion conditions are important problems in the development of information transmission systems. To improve reliability and the data receiving accuracy, a mathematical model is developed, which allows to assessment of the survivability of telecommunication systems to interference at incoherent receiving. In this case is assumed that system impact the unintentional sources. The mathematical model considers the communication quality, spectral efficiency, coding method, and modulation principle used during the multimedia services. Presently, the development of the corporate multiservice communication networks is in conditions where the size of user and service traffic packets is rapidly increase. To ensure transmission reliability is promising of an implementation of the coherent modem. It will allow a decrease in the failures of such systems. To increase the transmission rate used coherent modem with noise-resistant characteristics. However, the communication quality in this case is decreased, due to more influence of the inter-symbol interference to the data quality receiving. The synthesis of optimal signals based on rectangular pulses with different shapes by the coherent modem for the data transmission system aims is solved by using of matching filter that has a pulse transient response. To obtain this the frequency limiter is used at the output of the channel digital demodulator. One of the ways to properly solve the problem noted above is by applying in the development of telecommunication multiservice networks the mathematical model with correction ability. This one can be developed based on the optimal signal-receiving theory.

Technological Aspects of IBN Technology for Slicing at 5G Multiservice Network

Purpose: The 5G network offers a variety of services, each of which requires specific parameters such as performance, throughput, reliability and latency. In this regard, network virtualization is a robust solution known as network slicing that provides support for different types of services and provides resources that match the needs of each service. The purpose of this review is to examine the implementation of a slicing platform within a 5G multiservice intent-based network that allows network operators to deploy network services in a flexible and customizable manner. Results: The considered system architecture provides the ability to monitor virtual and physical resources using OpenStack Neutron and the FlexRAN controller application. In addition, the implementation of the platform for intent-based network segmentation under consideration gives operators the ability to deploy network services in a flexible and customizable manner.

Выбор технологии передачи данных для построения цифрового рудника

The main objective of systematic efforts of mining enterprises in securing the safety of mining operations is not an abstract reduction in the workplace injury rates, but prevention of dangerous incidents through specific measures. At the current technological state, such measures can be reliably ensured through building a unified digital environment of a hazardous production facility. Implementation of the mine digitalization projects requires application of multi-service networks as a unified data transmission environment. The article discusses the requirements for such networks, the challenges of selecting the core technology, as well as advantages and disadvantages of existing solutions. Using the case of a Russian technical solution, it is shown why in terms of efficiency and cost the optimal technology to create reliable high-load multi-functional security and communication systems at mining enterprises is the industrial Wi-Fi networks. Modern modifications of the Wi-Fi standard make it possible to cover more and more technological possibilities, e.g. location detection, monitoring of objects behind walls, motion and gesture capture and recognition. The channel bandwidth is also growing. Every 2-3 years, new modifications of standards and, accordingly, equipment with their support are released. In 2024, a new Wi-Fi 7 standard (IEEE802.11be) is planned to be released, which allows to provide data transmission speeds of up to 46 Gbps, as well as the ability to use several access points in parallel, which increases the flexibility of the network, its load capacity and stability of the radio signal for connected client devices.

Batch poissonian arrival models of multiservice network traffic

The emergence of packet-switched communication networks has made it clear that Poissonian arrival flow models are not quite adequate and required the development of new models based on non-Poisson distributions. This paper is devoted to the analysis of a particular case of a batch Markovian flow, namely, batch (nonordinary) Poissonian arrivals. Such a flow is stationary and memoryless but not ordinary. We consider a class of queueing systems with constant service time. We present results of analytical computations of arrival flow parameters and also simulation results. We show that the variance of the queue depends on the third moment of the batch size in a batch Poissonian arrival flow.

ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF FUNCTIONING OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

The rapid development and spread of information and communication technologies is taking on the character of a global information revolution today. Users have a need for communication services that can be flexibly configured. Next Generation Networks (NGN) - the modern stage of development of telecommunication networks (TCN) - represent a single transport platform on the basis of which various types of services are combined. One of the main aspects that should be taken into account when designing NGN is the provision of appropriate quality of service. With the introduction of multi-service networks, the approach to the task of service level based on the requirements of the users themselves for the quality of services becomes predominant, which requires the improvement of methods of managing the quality of services in TCN. The analysis of the works of domestic and foreign scientists regarding service quality management in TCN indicates the need to improve service quality management methods. It should be noted that in the works on the quality management of telecommunication services (TCS), attention is mainly paid to the technical indicators of the quality of services, while the development of effective methods of taking into account the user's opinion in managing the quality of services is currently relevant. The existing subjective methods of assessing the quality of TCS take into account the quality of the transmitted media information based on expert assessments, but do not provide a full assessment of the quality of the service by the user. The ITU-T recommendations describe different points of view on the quality of service, but do not provide specific methods for evaluating and managing the quality of TCS taking into account the opinion of the user. It is the unsolved task of comprehensive assessment of the quality of services in next-generation TCN that determined the purpose of this work.

Highly Flexible and Traffic Isolating RAN Slicing: A Consumer IoT-Based Use Case

Future networks are envisaged to support an increasingly wide range of diverse services, with distinct service requirements. Network slicing presents an economically sustainable solution to properly handle these stringent requirements, on top of a common physical infrastructure. The support of network slicing at different ran resource management tasks is particularly challenging, as it involves the dynamic split of the scarce radio resources among the slices, aiming to achieve optimal resource share with traffic isolation of slices. To tackle those challenges, we propose an efficient low-complexity dynamic ran slicing scheme supported jointly at the ac and the ps levels. The scheme relies on a fair ac module to regulate the admission of users from the slices according to a penalty expression considering the expected sla with the contracted tenants’ priority. We also develop a ps algorithm based on the tunable slices’ weight, to efficiently fulfill kpi of services. Consumer Internet-of-Things (CIoT)-based healthcare services are considered a use case, effectively representing multi-service network slicing applications. Performance evaluation based on extensive simulations shows that the proposed scheme outperforms the referenced baseline schemes, achieving optimal trade-off towards flexible, fair, and efficient resource sharing with sufficient traffic isolation of slices.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR STUDYING TRAFFIC OF MULTISERVICE NETWORKS

Context. The constant growth in the volume of information, the increase in the speed of information flows in digital communication networks, as before, makes the task of assessing the service stability for traffic flows an urgent one. A simple solution to ensure high service stability is to build a network of sufficient capacity for any traffic that will be thrown at it. To solve the problems of analyzing telecommunication systems, it is necessary to have appropriate models and engineering methods that allow to assess the service stability and predict the characteristics of their operation based on measurement data. In these conditions, the development of new methods for analyzing the traffic of multiservice networks that provide simplicity of calculations and their acceptable accuracy becomes especially relevant.
 Objective. The purpose of this paper is to study the traffic and service stability for users.
 Method. We propose a hybrid method for detecting anomalies in multiservice network traffic that uses algorithms without identification, adaptation and Mamdani fuzzy inference. The peculiarity of multiservice traffic as an object for assessing the existence of anomalies is the presence of stochastic processes in it subject to different distribution laws. For the experimental evaluation of the proposed method and algorithms, we have chosen the Poisson and Pareto distribution laws that define the limiting cases of traffic regularity. The method allows for monitoring and managing faults in a multiservice network in order to determine the causes of their occurrence. The following requirements are imposed on the developed algorithms for detecting anomalies in the traffic on multiservice networks: functioning in real or near real time; maintaining a given service stability; simplicity of implementation. The algorithms belong to the class of adaptive hybrid algorithms for identifying traffic parameters. They are used for both stationary and nonstationary traffic. Traffic is modeled as stochastic processes. Each belongs to the corresponding class, which is determined by the law of distribution of stochastic processes.
 Results. Experimental evaluation of the proposed method and algorithms has shown that they allow us to estimate the trends of these stochastic processes in real time, with high accuracy and while maintaining the service stability.
 Conclusions. The application of the developed method of troubleshooting management in a multiservice environment helps to improve the service stability by timely detecting problems, reducing the time of their elimination and reducing downtime, which, in turn, affects the increase in service reliability.

CoMP-Enhanced Flexible Functional Split for Mixed Services in Beyond 5G Wireless Networks

With explosively escalating service demands, beyond fifth generation (B5G) aims to realize various requirements for multi-service networks, i.e., higher performance of mixed enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services than 5G. To flexibly serve diverse traffic, various functional split options (FSOs) are specified by 5G protocols enabling different network functions. In order to improve signal qualities for edge users, we consider FSO-based coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission as a prominent technique capable of supporting high traffic demands. However, due to conventional confined hardware processing capability, a processor sharing (PS) model is introduced to deal with high latency for multi-service FSO-based networks. Therefore, it becomes essential to assign CoMP-enhanced functional split modes under PS model. A more tractable FSO-based network in terms of ergodic rate and reliability is derived by stochastic geometry approach. Moreover, we have proposed CoMP-enhanced functional split mode allocation (CFSMA) scheme to adaptively assign FSOs to provide enhanced mixed throughput and latency-aware services. The simulation results have validated analytical derivation and demonstrated that the proposed CFSMA scheme optimizes system spectrum efficiency while guaranteeing stringent latency requirement. The proposed CFSMA scheme with the designed PS FFS-CoMP system outperforms the benchmarks of conventional FCFS scheduling, non-FSO network, fixed FSOs, and limited available FSO selections in open literature.

Results of simulation modeling of technical parameters of a multiservice network

In a scientific article, the authors presented the results of simulation modeling of the technical parameters of a multiservice network. As a model of a multiservice communication network for the computational experiment, the model proposed in the previous scientific publications of the author was chosen. The selected model uses the Laplase-Stilles transform. Simulation modeling was carried out using the technical parameters of the multiservice network’s availability factor and network load. Scientific results of experimental research work are given in the form of tables. Relations of the probability of betime servicing of an application on the load of a multiservice communication network for various availability factors and the probability of untimely service of an application on the availability factor for numerous network loadings are obtained. The character of the distribution of costs necessary for the implementation of solutions for different categories of technical operation is shown. Scientific research on determining the objective function’s minimum value is presented in graphs and diagrams. The results of simulation modeling of the technical parameters of multiservice networks are presented in the form of diagrams using the Matlab software environment.

Multi-Service Network Slicing 5G NR Orchestration via Tailored HARQ Scheme Design and Hierarchical Resource Scheduling

In the radio access network domain, novel applications' requirements and network dynamics claim scalable processing capabilities, decentralized architecture, and on-demand resource allocation. Due to the intrinsic heterogeneous nature of the network resources, a fully context-aware fronthaul management is extremely complex to design. Operators have a high level-of-abstraction of the infrastructure's resources, which limits their decision-making capabilities. In this paper, a novel radio access network orchestrator is proposed, which jointly combines network function placement and resource allocation techniques in a single optimization framework. Given the infrastructure and users' delay constraints, we formulate a constrained linear maximization problem to determine the optimal timing parameters of the downlink hybrid automatic repeat scheme for each user. At inter-slice layer, our proposed resource allocation method is modelled as a Markov decision process, where the resources' sharing policy is tailored according to the real-time slice traffic load. At the intra-slice level, under mild conditions the radio resources are strategically prioritized, following a game theoretic model. Simulation results show that our method performs the hybrid automatic repeat request response 37%-88% compared to the classical LTE schemes. The dynamic allocation method at the inter-slice level improves the resource's utilization up to 50% compared to static network slicing. Moreover, at the intra-slice, the under and over resource provisioning has been decreased by 21.35% and 60.08%, respectively, compared to the classical fair resource allocation schemes.

Алгоритм выявления угроз информационной безопасности в распределенных мультисервисных сетях органов государственного управления

The results of studies are presented, the purpose of which was to develop an algorithm for identifying information security threats in distributed multiservice networks that provide information interaction of regional government bodies, as well as their communication with the population of the region. The relevance of the research topic is due to a significant increase in various types of cyber attacks on the computer networks of public authorities and the need to increase the level of security of these networks by intellectualizing methods for combating information security threats. The algorithm is based on the use of machine learning methods to analyze incoming traffic in order to identify events that affect the state of information security of public authorities. The algorithm provides for input traffic preprocessing, as a result of which a set of images (signatures) obtained from Wasm binary files is formed, and then the image classifier is launched. It contains a sequential inclusion of deep neural networks – a convolutional neural network for signature classification and a recurrent network that processes the sequences obtained at the output of the convolutional network. Features of the formation of signatures in the proposed algorithm, as well as sequences at the input to the recurrent network, make it possible to obtain the resulting assessment of information security, taking into account the history of its current state. The output of the recurrent network is aggregated with the result of comparing the actual signatures with those available in the database. The aggregation is performed by the fuzzy inference system of the second type, using the implication according to the Mamdani algorithm, which generates the final assessment of information security threats. Software was developed that implements the proposed algorithm, experiments were carried out on a synthetic data set, which showed the efficiency of the algorithm, confirmed the feasibility of its further improvement.

Priority-Based Resource Allocation Optimization for Multi-Service LoRaWAN Harmonization in Compliance with IEEE 2668.

Given the advantage of LoRaWAN private networks, multiple types of services have been implemented by users in one LoRaWAN system to realize various smart applications. With an increasing number of applications, LoRaWAN suffers from multi-service coexistence challenges due to limited channel resources, uncoordinated network configuration, and scalability issues. The most effective solution is establishing a reasonable resource allocation scheme. However, existing approaches are not applicable for LoRaWAN with multiple services with different criticalities. Therefore, we propose a priority-based resource allocation (PB-RA) scheme to coordinate multi-service networks. In this paper, LoRaWAN application services are classified into three main categories, including safety, control, and monitoring. Considering the different criticalities of these services, the proposed PB-RA scheme assigns spreading factors (SFs) to end devices on the basis of the highest priority parameter, which decreases the average packet loss rate (PLR) and improves throughput. Moreover, a harmonization index, namely HDex, based on IEEE 2668 standard is first defined to comprehensively and quantitively evaluate the coordination ability in terms of key quality of service (QoS) performance (i.e., PLR, latency and throughput). Furthermore, Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based optimization is formulated to obtain the optimal service criticality parameters which maximize the average HDex of the network and contribute to a larger capacity of end devices while maintaining the HDex threshold for each service. Simulations and experimental results show that the proposed PB-RA scheme can achieve the HDex score of 3 for each service type at 150 end devices, which improves the capacity by 50% compared to the conventional adaptive data rate (ADR) scheme.

The strategic analysis and operation of the multiservice model used for synchronous transmission in communication networks

The core idea of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology was revealed a long time ago. The main technology under development at the time was time-division multiplexing (TDM) technology, which consisted of synchronous switching based on the sequence number of bytes in the integrated frame. The main disadvantage of TDM technology, also known as synchronous transport module (STM) synchronous transmission technology, is the inability to reallocate the bandwidth of the integrated channel between subchannels. During those periods when no user data is sent on the subchannel, the aggregated channel still sends the bytes of this subchannel filled with zeros. Efforts to load sub channels’ idle periods necessitate the introduction of a header for each subchannel’s data. In intermediate statistical time-division multiplexing (STDM) technology, which allows idle periods to be filled by transmitting bursts of traffic from other sub channels, headers that actually have a subchannel number are introduced. In this paper, the strategic analysis and operation of technologies used in multiservice networks were discussed. Simultaneously, the structure of data sets is drawn into sets resembling computer networks. The fact that each packet has an address allows it to be transmitted asynchronously since its location relative to data on other subchannels is not its address. Asynchronous packets from one subchannel are inserted into the free time slots of another subchannel, but they are not mixed with the data of this subchannel because they have their own address.

DIRECTIONS OF OPTIMIZATION OF CORPORATE MULTISERVICE COMMUNICATION NETWORK PROTECTION COMPLEXES

The article considers a comprehensive approach to the protection of information of a corporate multi-service communication network, which consists in the use of technical, hardware- program, and organizational-legal measures of protection. It was determined that the protection of information from unauthorized access and its leakage through technical channels is more effectively achieved by the use of technical means. In order to determine the direction of optimization of the corporate multi-service network protection complexes and general approaches to its implementation, a model of the communication network built according to the hierarchical principle is considered. The place of the corporate network in the communication network is determined. It is noted that a more rational approach to ensuring information protection should be considered the design stage, when it is possible to predict and implement a given level of protection. A general algorithm for designing a corporate network is proposed, which consists of the stages listed in the article. At the first stage, the selection and justification of the general topology of the protected corporate network adapted to the requirements of its users was carried out. The directions of the communication traffic between the sender and the recipient of information through the network are determined. Evaluation and calculation of information flows taking into account the scaling of the network, increasing the intensity and volume of traffic, the systematization of protection functions with the possibility of both generalization and localization of them are the subject of further research. When choosing the types of physical equipment for the provision and implementation of the specified classes and functions, protection is considered for three levels of the network: the hardware part of servers and workstations; communication equipment and communication channels; gateways, bridges and tunnels of the entire diameter of the network, including segments and domains. Identified directions for improving information protection at the hardware, channel, and network support levels. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that the complexity of solutions to increase information protection is achieved in addition to the technical direction by hardware- software and organizational-legal ones.

Adaptive method and algorithm for the operational estimation of traffic parameters in high-speed corporate multiservice communication networks

The article develops an adaptive method and an algorithm for operational evaluation of traffic characteristics and parameters in high-speed corporate multi-service communication networks, which implements it. This algorithm works in real time. High-speed corporate multi-service networks are characterized by high dynamics of changes in their state, including changes in the characteristics of transmitted traffic. Under these conditions, the automated network management system must ensure the required quality of services and communication services provided to users. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to implement network management processes in a mode close to real time, with a given quality in conditions of dynamic, unknown changes in network characteristics. The basis of the proposed method is the concept of conditional nonlinear Pareto-optimal filtering, which consists in the fact that the estimation of traffic parameters takes place in two stages: at the beginning, the forecast of parameter values is estimated, and then, with the receipt of subsequent parameter observations, their adjustment takes place. The proposed method and algorithm belong to the class of methods and algorithms with prior training. The average relative error of the estimation of traffic parameters does not exceed 7%, which is a sufficient value for the implementation of operational network management tasks.

THE METHOD OF CALCULATING THE CAPACITY OF THE CLOUD COMPONENT OF THE DISTRIBUTED MULTISERVICE NETWORK

A method for calculating the bandwidth of the cloud component of a distributed multiservice network is proposed. Which takes into account the probabilistic characteristics of the link of the first and second orders. At the preliminary stages, the probability of packet loss within the network link is calculated. An analysis of the queues of switching nodes of communication with the cloud is also carried out. Consistent application of the method will allow to estimate the probability of losses for different network users. It will also make it possible to determine the rational loading of network links with the aim of optimal distribution of network resources. The obtained results can be applied directly in the design of a distributed multiservice network. In it, user access to the link resource can be either unlimited or limited with the introduction of link resource reservation for priority classes of users. And also for the design of a distributed multiservice network in which users are provided with fixed bit rates of information transmission. The direction of further research is the extension of the method for a distributed multiservice network, in which some of the links are dependent. It is planned to develop an algorithm in which calculations for the cloud component of the network can be performed in parallel.