Multipurpose Wireless Research Articles

A Low-Cost Sensor Network for Monitoring Peatland.

Peatlands across the world are vital carbon stores. However, human activities have caused the degradation of many sites, increasing their greenhouse gas emissions and vulnerability to wildfires. Comprehensive monitoring of peatlands is essential for their protection, tracking degradation and restoration, but current techniques are limited by cost, poor reliability and low spatial or temporal resolution. This paper covers the research, development, deployment and performance of a resilient and modular multi-purpose wireless sensor network as an alternative means of monitoring peatlands. The sensor network consists of four sensor nodes and a gateway and measures temperature, humidity, soil moisture, carbon dioxide and methane. The sensor nodes transmit measured data over LoRaWAN to The Things Network every 30 min. To increase the maximum possible deployment duration, a novel datastring encoder was implemented which reduced the transmitted datastring length by 23%. This system was deployed in a New Forest (Hampshire, UK) peatland site for two months and collected more than 7500 measurements. This deployment demonstrated that low-cost sensor networks have the potential to improve the temporal and spatial resolution of peatland emission monitoring beyond what is achievable with traditional monitoring techniques.

Design of Antenna for Multipurpose Wireless Communication: Microstrip Antenna

Design of Antenna for Multipurpose Wireless Communication: Microstrip Antenna

Design of an elliptically-slotted patch antenna for multi-purpose wireless wi-Fi and biosensing applications

Radio frequency (RF) biosensor research is advancing in the medical point-of-care diagnostics field with the increased demand for smart adaptive contactless RF biosensors for a holistic tailored healthcare provisioning including cancer detection. This paper introduces an elliptically-slotted patch antenna (ESPA) designed to perform optimally in biosensing applications. The verified performance shows resonance frequency difference of the ESPA is 2.5% compared with the primary slot-less patch antenna of 6.6%. Hence, the proposed model compares with the conventional slot-less patch antenna, demonstrating a significant improvement in its bandwidth efficiency by over 62%. The fabricated ESPA yields a total gain of 6.75 dBi at 2.74 GHz. This novel biosensing antenna is suitable for bio-sample detection and signal transmission applications. Moreover, the reported novel ESPA will support multipurpose sub-6 GHz 5G/Wi-Fi 6/6E (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz) point-of-care diagnostics wireless data transmission and connectivity for medical applications. This system’s miniaturised size enhances a compact, portable label-free, reliable, real-time detection with a cost-effective fabrication. The highly sensitive ESPA satisfies the minimum size, weight and power-to-cost (SWaP-C) requirements.

Retracted] Storage Method for Medical and Health Big Data Based on Distributed Sensor Network

Monitoring and collecting medical data using embedded medical diagnostic devices with multiple sensors and sending these actual measured data to the corresponding health monitoring centers using multipurpose wireless networks to take necessary measures to coordinate with family medical service centers and regional medical service departments is a popular medical big data architecture. However, healthcare big data is characterized by large data volume, fast growth, multimodality, high value and privacy, etc. How to organize and manage it in a unified and efficient way is an important research direction at present. In response to the problems of low balance and poor security in the storage of data collected by distributed sensor networks in healthcare systems, we propose a distributed storage algorithm for big data in healthcare systems. The platform adopts Hadoop distributed file system and distributed file storage framework as the healthcare big data storage solution, and implements data integration, multidimensional data query and analysis mining components based on Spark‐SQL data query tool, Spark machine learning algorithm library and its mining and analysis pipeline development, respectively. The distributed storage model of big data and three data storage levels are constructed using cloud storage architecture, and the data storage intensity as well as levels are calculated by high data access in the upper level, data connection in the middle level, and data archiving in the lower level according to the set known data granularity, odds, and elasticity to realize big data storage. It is experimentally verified that the above algorithm has high distribution balance and low load balance in the storage process.

Design of SWB Antenna with Triple Band Notch Characteristics for Multipurpose Wireless Applications

A compact concentric structured monopole antenna for super wide band (SWB) applications with triple notch band characteristics is designed and experimentally validated. The antenna covers an immense impedance bandwidth (1.6–47.5 GHz) with sharp triple notch bands at 1.8–2.2 GHz, 4–7.2 GHz, and 9.8–10.4 GHz to eliminate interference from co-existing advanced wireless services (AWS), C bands, and X bands, respectively. By loading an E-shaped stub connected at the top of the patch and by etching a split elliptical slot at the lower end of the radiating patch, the band rejection characteristics from 1.8–2.2 GHz for the AWS and 4–7.2 GHz for the C band are achieved, respectively. Further, by making use of a C-shaped resonator near the feed line, band rejection from 9.8–10.4 GHz for the X band is obtained. By varying the parameters of the antenna, the notch bands are controlled independently over a wide range of frequencies. The antenna provides good radiation characteristics, constant group delay response, and better gain over the pass band. The experimental results indicate that the designed antenna offers a remarkable reduction in gain and high variation in group delay over the stop bands. To characterize the wideband property and linear phase response of the designed antenna, its time-domain performance is extensively described and evaluated, which assure pulse transmission with minimum distortion.

Broadband CPW-fed circularly polarized antenna for IoT-based navigation system

AbstractThe paper presents a new coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed rectangular patch antenna with a square-shaped ground plane that can be employed in modern advanced navigation systems. For realizing broad impedance bandwidth in the proposed antenna, a wide slot is introduced in the square ground plane and the rectangular patch is shifted toward the left edge of the ground surface. In addition, by means of introducing square-shaped stubs near the left and right edge of the ground plane, the circular polarization is achieved at L1, L2, and L5 satellite bands. As per the simulation results, the proposed antenna provides a wide impedance bandwidth (S11<−10 dB) of 123% (1.12–4.72 GHz) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 11% (1.15–1.29 GHz) and 18% (1.5–1.8 GHz) suitable for multipurpose wireless applications. The designed single feed circularly polarized antenna is low profile, small size, light weight and easily integrable with other high-frequency communication devices. To validate radiation performance of the proposed structure, the antenna is fabricated and integrated with the commercially available Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and it is found that the measured values are in close agreement with the desired results.

A Shape-Reconfigurable Modularized Wireless Power Transfer Array System for Multipurpose Wireless Charging Applications

We present a shape-reconfigurable modularized magnetically coupled resonance wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT) array system for multipurpose wireless charging applications. In it, three interconnected resonant modules are employed for the transmitter and two interconnected resonant modules for the receiver. Such a modularized configuration allows both the transmitter and receiver to be reconfigurable in shapes and positions conformal to the devices to be charged; it also provides multiple power flow paths that improve system stability and reliability. Unlike the conventional systems, the proposed system achieves shape reconfigurability by different positional combinations of resonant modules and structures without any control circuits or changes of any resonant and matching capacitances. A prototype was developed, simulated, and tested. It has the power transfer efficiencies above 78% in various positions. Thus, the proposed system presents a good and simple system for practical WPT applications.

A Study on Scalability and Variation of CMOS Low Noise Amplifier in Advance CMOS Technology Processes

Recent technology requires multistandard Radio Frequency (RF) chips for multipurpose wireless applications. In RF circuits, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) plays the key role in determining the receiver’s performance. With CMOS technology scaling, various designs has been adopted to study circuit’s characteristic and variation. In this paper, we present the results of scalable wideband LNA design based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), with its variance study. The design was fabricated in 180nm, 90nm, 65nm and 40nm CMOS technology.

오류 정정 부호를 사용하는 범용 무선 통신 칩으로 구현된 스마트 미터링 무선 네트워크 시스템 성능 분석

Smart metering is one of the most implementable internet-of-thing service. In order to implement the smart metering, a wireless communication network should be newly designed and evaluated so as to satisfy quality-of-service of smart metering. In this paper, we consider a wireless network for the smart metering implemented with multi-purpose wireless chips and channel coding-functioned micro controllers. Especially, channel coding is newly adopted to improve successful frame transmission probability. Based on the successful frame transmission probability, average transmission delay and delay violation probability are analyzed. Using the analytical results, service coverage expansion is evaluated. Through the delay analysis, service feasibility can be verified. According to our results, channel coding needs not to be utilized to improve the delay performance if the smart metering service coverage is several tens of meters. However, if more coverage is required, chanel coding adoption definitely reduces the delay time and improve the service feasibility.

Channel Coding-Aided Multi-Purpose Wireless Chip Modules for Throughput Enhancement

Channel Coding-Aided Multi-Purpose Wireless Chip Modules for Throughput Enhancement

Avoiding Routing Loops in a Multi-Stack WSN

Wireless sensor networks are envisioned to support an increasing number of applications having various quality of service (QoS) requirements. A possibility to provide a large variety of QoS is to deal with multi-stack WSN where several routing and MAC protocols coexist in the same network. However, routing loops can occur when several routing protocols are used alternatively. Such loops can yield to large delays and high packet loss, and should therefore be avoided. In this paper, we propose a three-step solution to solve the loop problem. The first step describes a sufficient condition to determine when two arbitrary routing protocols can be used without producing loops. The second step states that loops can be avoided if some nodes refrain temporarily from sending a packet. The third step proposes a mechanism that guarantees that no loops are produced for any pair of routing protocols. Our solution is proved through theoretical analysis, and its performance is evaluated through extensive simulations. It requires a limited energy overhead and limited computation capabilities for the network devices. Index Terms—Routing protocols, multipurpose wireless sensor networks, routing loops.

Two-arm sinuous antenna for RFID ubiquitous sensors and wireless applications

For the first time, two-arm planar sinuous antenna is demonstrated to realize the emerging concept of integrating RFID functionalities along with sensors and other wireless applications for “green” electronics. In-depth, parametric analysis is performed for the proposed antenna which is fabricated on a paper substrate using revolutionary inkjet printing technology to develop a system-level solution for ultra-low-cost mass production of multipurpose wireless tags in an approach that could be easily expanded to other microwave and wireless “cognition” applications. The proposed antenna exhibits excellent performance throughout several RFID ISM bands and for other wireless applications in its operational range from 0.8 to 3.0 GHz.

An Inverter-Based Wideband Low-Noise Amplifier in 40 nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

Multistandard RF chips have been highly demanded for multipurpose wireless applications. However, in RF circuits, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) plays an important role in determining the receiver's performance. In this paper, we present a scalable wideband LNA based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverters, employing two bandwidth expansion techniques to achieve a large bandwidth without using inductors. Fabricated by the 40 nm CMOS process, the LNA attains 0.1–8.0 GHz of flat bandwidth with S21=17.5 dB and S11≤-10 dB. The minimum NF measured is 5.1 dB and the power consumption is 14.3 mW at 1.3 V. The LNA core circuit is as small as 0.001 mm2 since no large passive device is used. A study of LNA scalability has been conducted by comparing the performances of circuits with the same topology fabricated by the 65, 90, and 180 nm CMOS processes.

An Inverter-Based Wideband Low-Noise Amplifier in 40 nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

Multistandard RF chips have been highly demanded for multipurpose wireless applications. However, in RF circuits, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) plays an important role in determining the receiver's performance. In this paper, we present a scalable wideband LNA based on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverters, employing two bandwidth expansion techniques to achieve a large bandwidth without using inductors. Fabricated by the 40 nm CMOS process, the LNA attains 0.1–8.0 GHz of flat bandwidth with S21=17.5 dB and S11≤-10 dB. The minimum NF measured is 5.1 dB and the power consumption is 14.3 mW at 1.3 V. The LNA core circuit is as small as 0.001 mm2 since no large passive device is used. A study of LNA scalability has been conducted by comparing the performances of circuits with the same topology fabricated by the 65, 90, and 180 nm CMOS processes.

Optimal Territorial Resources Placement for Multipurpose Wireless Services Using Genetic Algorithms

This paper presents a study for finding a solution to the placement of territorial resources for multipurpose wireless services considering also the restrictions imposed by the orography of the territory itself. To solve this problem genetic algorithms are used to identify sites where to place the resources for the optimal coverage of a given area. The used algorithm has demonstrated to be able to find optimal solutions in a variety of considered situations.

Extending the Network Lifetime Using Optimized Energy Efficient Cross Layer Module (OEEXLM) in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor network, the primary design is to save the energy consumption as much as possible while achieving the given task. Most of recent researches works have only focused on the individual layer issues and ignore the importance of inter working between different layers in a sensor network. In this paper, we use a cross-layer approach to propose an energy-efficient and extending the life time of the sensor network. This protocol which uses routing in the network layer, and the data scheduling in MAC layer. The main ob-jective of this paper is to provide a possible and flexible approach to solve the conflicts between the require-ments of large scale, long life-time, and multi-purpose wireless sensor networks. This OEEXLM module gives better performance compared to all other existing protocols. The performance of OEEXLM module compared with S-MAC and directed diffusion protocol.

Effect of wavelet compression on data transmission in a multipurpose wireless telemedicine system

Effect of wavelet compression on data transmission in a multipurpose wireless telemedicine system

Effect of wavelet compression on data transmission in a multipurpose wireless telemedicine system.

We have developed a novel emergency telemedicine system which allows the transmission of physiological data (electrocardiogram, oximetry, blood pressure and temperature) and still images of the patient. The transmission is performed through wireless links using either GSM mobile phones or satellite. Because of the low bandwidth available through these links, data compression is required to allow realtime transmission of electrocardiographic (ECG) data. A new integrated design approach for an optimal zonal wavelet compression (OZWC) method was implemented for the ECG data. The performance of the mobile system with compressed ECG data segments was evaluated in terms of the percentage root-mean-square difference and visual inspection. The optimum wavelet algorithm achieved a maximum compression ratio of 18:1 with low distortion.