Multipurpose Vehicle Research Articles

Impact of Vehicle Steering Strategy on the Severity of Pedestrian Head Injury.

In response to the sudden violation of pedestrians crossing the road, intelligent vehicles take into account factors such as the road conditions in the accident zone, traffic rules, and surrounding vehicles' driving status to make emergency evasive decisions. Thus, the collision simulation models for pedestrians and three types of vehicles, i.e., sedans, Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs), and Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPVs), are built to investigate the impact of vehicle types, vehicle steering angles, collision speeds, collision positions, and pedestrian orientations on head injuries of pedestrians. The results indicate that the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) value of the head increases with the increase in collision speed. Regarding the steering angles, when a vehicle's steering direction aligns with a pedestrian's position, the pedestrian remains on top of the vehicle's hood for a longer period and moves together with the vehicle after the collision. This effectively reduces head injuries to pedestrians. However, when the vehicle's steering direction is opposite to the pedestrian's position, the pedestrian directly collides with the ground, resulting in higher head injuries. Among them, MPVs cause the most severe injuries, followed by SUVs, and sedans have the least impact. Overall, intelligent vehicles have great potential to reduce head injuries of pedestrians in the event of sudden pedestrian-vehicle collisions by combining with Automatic Emergency Steering (AES) measures. In the future, efforts need to be made to establish an optimized steering strategy and optimize the handling of situations where steering is ineffective or even harmful.

Integrated Chassis Control for Multi-Axle Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review

Multi-axle vehicles (MAVs) are used to transport heavy loads, navigate challenging terrain, and perform specific tasks. However, designing vehicle control systems for such vehicles is challenging. MAVs, such as trucks, buses, military vehicles, and multi-purpose vehicles, require sophisticated control techniques to increase the stability and ride comfort of such vehicles. This paper provides a comprehensive review of standalone control systems and integrated control systems (ICSs) for the steering, driving/braking, and suspension systems of MAVs, with a particular focus on the optimal tyre force distribution (TFD) in ICSs for MAVs. It also discusses various objective functions and optimisation methods used for the TFD. The findings indicate that optimising TFD significantly improves the stability of MAVs. As such, future studies may consider examining optimising three-axis TFD for MAVs to further improve vehicle stability.

Perbandingan Efisiensi Bahan Bakar Pada Kendaraan Low MPV Dengan Metode Copras

Low multi-purpose vehicles have become a popular choice in the automotive market due to their combination of ample space and improved fuel efficiency. In the context of increasing environmental awareness and ever-increasing fuel costs, this study aims to compare the fuel efficiency of various low multi-purpose vehicles using the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method. The Copras method, as a multi-criteria decision analysis tool, is used to evaluate vehicle alternatives based on a number of predefined criteria. In this study, the main criteria considered include engine efficiency, aerodynamics, vehicle weight, and fuel technology used. The identification of these criteria is important as fuel efficiency is influenced by various complex technical factors. Relevant data was collected for the low multi-purpose vehicles to be evaluated. Once the data was collected, a Copras analysis was conducted to determine the relative ranking of each vehicle based on its fuel efficiency. This method allowed the researcher to identify vehicles that stood out in terms of fuel efficiency. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for both consumers and vehicle manufacturers. Consumers can use this information to make smarter decisions when choosing a vehicle that suits their needs, taking into account the important aspect of fuel efficiency. On the other hand, manufacturers can use these findings to develop more fuel-efficient vehicles, as well as to strengthen their position in an increasingly competitive market. In addition, this study also has significant implications in an environmental context. By choosing more fuel-efficient vehicles, consumers can contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and reduce other negative impacts on the environment. As such, this research not only provides economic benefits but also supports efforts to maintain environmental sustainability

Design and Implementation of Tire Pressure and Temperature Monitoring System for Hatchback and Multi-Purpose Vehicle Based on IoT

Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) have developed into an essential element in vehicles to improve safety and driving experience. In general, TPMS systems rely on special hardware to collect and transmit tire pressure data to the vehicle's on-board computer and this data can only be viewed by the driver and passengers in the vehicle. In this study, we developed a remote tire pressure and temperature monitoring system using IoT technology. The MQTT protocol facilitated communication between the cloud server and controller, while the system uses Docker container to simplify program integration. The results revealed the optimal standard deviation for tire pressure in hatchback vehicles to be 2.24, and for Multi-Purpose Vehicles (MPVs), it was 2.97. For tire temperature, the best standard deviation in hatchback vehicles was 1.93, compared to 1.05 in MPVs. This system effectively monitors tire pressure and temperature changes in real time, accessible remotely via smartphones and computers.

Influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclists’ trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes

Motorcyclists are highly vulnerable road users, and cars are one of their primary crash opponents. This study investigates the influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclist trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes. The analysis is based on a dataset of 120 multi-body crash simulations conducted using MADYMO and post-processed with MATLAB. An analysis of 1412 real-world Powered Two-Wheeler (PTW) to car accidents was conducted to determine the most common crash configurations and the associated ranges of the variables, such as vehicle speeds and contact points. Three PTW styles (sport-touring, scooter, and sport) and four car front-end designs (Sport utility vehicle (SUV), Family Car/Sedan (FCR), Roadster (RDS), and Multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)) were considered.The study examined the riders’ thrown distance in both collision types. It was observed that, regardless of the collision type, the head was identified overall as the primary body region coming into contact with the opposing vehicle, followed by the chest and neck. In frontal collisions, an augmented bonnet height corresponded to an increased incidence of head contact, whereas a lower bonnet height resulted in a higher frequency of chest contact. Moreover, the thrown distance depended also on PTW speed, particularly for sport and sport-touring motorcycles. Notably, contact with the car windscreen was only observed at velocities exceeding 60 km/h, whereas impact with the bonnet leading edge occurred exclusively below this threshold. Due to the shielding effect of their PTW’s fairing, scooter riders predominantly experienced no contact with the opposing vehicle. Sport-touring motorcycles exhibited a more vertical trajectory upon ejection, leading to a greater likelihood of overturning and subsequent rearward head impact with the vehicle. In contrast, sport motorcycles tended to forward projections with a high likelihood of chest contact. In the case of lateral impacts, it was observed that vehicles with a more prominent profile, such as SUVs and MPVs, equipped with protruding bumpers, effectively restrained riders. In this case, vehicle speed did not exert a significant influence on the thrown distance. Additionally, the presence of a conspicuous fuel tank and the initial posture of the rider on the PTW played a crucial role in determining the final thrown distance. Due to their upright postures and the absence of a pronounced fuel tank, scooter dummies were thrown further than others, thus causing head contact with the windscreen.These findings highlight the importance of car front-end design and PTW fairings in mitigating riders’ injuries and provide valuable insights to vehicle manufacturers for developing tailored safety measures for riders.

Translational medical bioengineering research of traumatic brain injury among Chinese and American pedestrians caused by vehicle collision based on human body finite element modeling

Based on the average human body size in China and the THUMS AM50 finite element model of the human body, the Kriging interpolation algorithm was used to model the Chinese 50th percentile human body, and the biological fidelity of the model was verified. We built three different types of passenger vehicle models, namely, sedan, sports utility vehicle (SUV), and multi-purpose vehicle (MPV), and used mechanical response analysis and finite element simulation to compare and analyze the dynamic differences and head injury differences between the Chinese 50th percentile human body and the THUMS AM50 model during passenger vehicle collisions. The results showed that there are obvious differences between the Chinese mannequin and THUMS in terms of collision time, collision position, invasion speed, and angle. When a sedan collided with the mannequins, the skull damage to the Chinese human body model was more severe, and when a sedan or SUV collided, the brain damage to the Chinese human body was more severe. The abovementioned results suggest that the existing C-NCAP pedestrian protection testing regulations may not provide the best protection for Chinese human bodies, and that the regulations need to be improved by combining collision damage mechanisms and the physical characteristics of Chinese pedestrians. This thorough investigation is positioned to shed light on the fundamental biomechanics and injury mechanisms at play. Furthermore, the amalgamation of clinically rooted translational and engineering research in the realm of traumatic brain injury has the potential to establish a solid foundation for discerning preventive methodologies. Ultimately, this endeavor holds the potential to introduce effective strategies aimed at preventing and safeguarding against traumatic brain injuries.

A new method for assessing the reliability of multi-purpose vehicles based on test results in extreme conditions

The article presents materials on methods and means of reducing testing time and improving their quality in terms of accuracy, reliability and reproducibility of results, regardless of changing road, soil and climatic conditions using a new reliability indicator: instead of average time between failures — time to 1st failure with probability of failure-free operation is 0.95. A method is presented for assessing the reliability of test results with different volumes of mileage in extreme road conditions by comparing normal test data with a reference scientific and methodological platform. Keywords multi-purpose vehicles, road tests, reliability, failure, method, reliability assessment

Operational tests of a small-sized farm multi-purpose vehicle

The paper deals with the issue of expanding the scope of application of small-sized farm multi-purpose vehicles in the production process. The authors focus on the risks associated with the use of this type of machines. The authors prove that application of small-sized farm multi- purpose vehicles is feasible in agricultural production. To increase the interest of agricultural producers in small-sized farm vehicles it is necessary to develop a system of reliable assessment and verification of their actual consumer properties. For this purpose, the authors have studied the existing normative and technical documentation related to the functioning of this type of machines, varieties of small-sized vehicles and electrically driven trackless vehicles. Based on the available documents, they arranged a list of necessary tests to fully evaluate the main consumer properties. The test set consisted of nine procedures, including both static and dynamic tests. The paper provides data on the developed and manufactured experimental sample of electric cargo tricycle used on farms. The tricycle served as an example for the cycle of tests carried out according to the developed list. The paper summarizes the results obtained. Particular attention is paid to longitudinal and lateral sliding and tipping stability tests, center of mass position and traction tests, as well as dynamic tests to determine speed and braking performance, the mileage on a single battery charge, and vibration loading when operating under various road and climatic conditions.

A REVIEW ON REAL VEHICLE USAGE MODELLING OF DRIVERLESS MULTIPURPOSE VEHICLES IN VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEMS

AbstractReal vehicle usage rarely matches the predictions made during early phases of vehicle development and sales processes at commercial road vehicle manufacturers. The automotive industry needs multidisciplinary vehicle design methods to predict real-world vehicle operations by considering the vehicle level and the transport system level simultaneously, in a more holistic approach. The aim of this study was to analyse how realistic vehicle usage of driverless multipurpose vehicles can be modelled in Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) by conducting a systematic literature review. We found that real vehicle usage modelling of driverless multipurpose vehicles in VRPs mainly depended on the following elements: VRP variant, energy consumption model, energy consumption rate class, number of vehicle-specific design variables and transport system-level factors. Furthermore, we identified in the literature five classes of energy consumption rate edge behaviour in VRPs. These findings can support decision-making in the modelling process to select the most suitable combination of elements, and their level of detail for the overall modelling aim and purpose.

Experiences in the Implementation of DRRM Policies and Programs in Selected Barangays in the Municipality of Tolosa; The Case of Barangay DRMMC

This study pertains to the experiences of the BDRRMC Members in the selected barangays of Tolosa Leyte. It aims to explore the participants’ experiences, problems encountered, and coping mechanisms. It utilized the Qualitative Research Design through Case Study. Participants accomplished a consent form during an individual interview with the aid of an Interview Guide and an audio recording device. The researcher used Colaizzi’s method in treating the gathered data. The following themes were formulated: DRRM Policy Implementation, BDRRMC Intervention Projects and Programs, Minimal Fund Allocation, Volunteers and Community Support, Samaritans in the Sanggunian, and LGU as Reinforcement to Barangays. The findings are as follows; as to policy implementation, DRRMC policies and guidelines are implemented but with minimal initiatives in terms of policy promotion and program development, and some of the members of the BDRRMC request more orientation and capacity-building to improve their performance. On the Intervention Programs and Projects of the BDRRMC, they are using some proactive measures; Public Address System, CCTV Installation, and Pabahay Programs. Among the problems encountered; there were minimal fund allocations to DRRM projects and programs, a lack of support in terms of Training and Seminars, Equipment (Debris Clearing), Multi-purpose Vehicles, Budget for Relief Goods, and Livelihood Programs. Lastly, they cope with problems by maintaining camaraderie, resolving issues as one council despite differences, regularly conducting barangay sessions, and looking for possible ways to support the community for their livelihood. Participants shared that they can count on the LGU as their support system when concerns are out of their capability. Keywords: Social Science, BDRRM Experiences, Qualitative Research, Colaizzi’s Method

Analysis of Auto Release Seatbelt SystemforMultipurpose Vehicle

An automatic seat belt release system is provided for installation in conjunction with the vehicle's seat belt system. In the event that the vehicle sustains an impact of sufficient magnitude to necessitate the emergency release of the seat belt system, an electrically operated actuator located near the seat belt is actuated to release the seat belt system after 5 seconds time interval. The aim of this study is to design and develop coding language for Auto ReleaseSeatbelt System. The system for Auto Release Seatbelt is installed inside the passenger cabin and the release mechanism fixed at the seatbelt buckle. The system is tested after the installation on a multipurpose vehicle(MPV). The 12V cigarette lighter socket is used to power the system. A crash collision impact sensor, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a developer board, and a solenoid actuator comprise in the designed emergency release system. The crash collision impact sensor identifies when the vehicle collides, and the gyroscope sensor determines the vehicle's orientation after the impact, if the gyroscope detects no change in orientation, it triggers the development board's preset timer. The solenoid is activated to press the custom release mechanism that will remove the seat belt once the specified time period has passed.

Reading During Fully Automated Driving: A Study of the Effect of Peripheral Visual and Haptic Information on Situation Awareness and Mental Workload

This study investigates the effect of peripheral visual and haptic information in providing information about upcoming motions of a fully automated vehicle to an occupant engaging in a non-driving related task, i.e. reading. Two peripheral displays, one visual and the other haptic, were designed and tested. It was hypothesized that the peripheral information would enhance the users’ situation awareness and reduce their mental workload. The study was conducted with 18 participants driven around in a real-road environment in a multi-purpose vehicle that simulated a fully automated vehicle. The peripheral visual and haptic information significantly enhanced situation awareness but did not reduce the mental workload. Implications and future work are discussed.

The observatory: a model for studies in health, society, and the environment.

The concept of an observatory for examining and monitoring trends for research in the social sciences and health arose from analogy with the facilities of astronomy and the realization that close and consistent observation was essential to understand interactions among determinants of health in a community. Their theoretical foundations are largely grounded in the “population health model,” an intellectual framework developed in 1974 and associated with a movement called “the new public health.” We developed an observatory for an affluent, unexceptional, suburban jurisdiction (“County 20”) in the province of Alberta, in western Canada, and used it to study and monitor both normative and emergent issues in environmental health. The observatory was conceived as a utility, or multi-purpose vehicle, for describing and responding to emerging community issues quickly and gathering data and qualitative findings as required. Case studies on issues of local importance allowed us to observe the dynamics of community response comprehensively, using quantitative and qualitative methods as appropriate. Valuable insights gleaned from the cases studied pertained to risk perception, the NIMBY syndrome, and reorganizing and auditing public health services. It did less well when the object of study was further removed from the community of interest, when there was no clear action item to be recommended, and when sponsors had expectations for certainty that could not be supported by available data sources. The observatory eventually was merged into a community health outreach program. The local observatory model is a practical, low-cost, and sustainable model for capturing generalizable and specifically local case study experience on a small scale but is limited in its effectiveness and by the scope of its coverage. It can be an initial step toward longitudinal and community monitoring studies on a larger scale. The observatory model can be used to elevate the level of case studies, impose rigor on analysis, and compile case studies for comparative and analytical studies.

An Analysis of Product Quality, Variations, And Prices on Purchase Decisions Case Study of Suzuki Ertiga Car Dealer at PT. Trans Sumatera Agung, Medan City

Car brand in the automotive market in Indonesia currently comes from Europe and Asia. Examples of these brands are Mitsubishi, KIA, Honda, Daihatsu, Suzuki, Ford, Proton, and Toyota. One of the most sold car variants in Indonesia is the MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle) types control nearly 60% of the national automotive market share. This is inseparable from the perception of the price of this type of family car which is relatively affordable for the middle class in Indonesia. (This study focuses on testing the consumer buying decision model for Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV) cars. The research model involves three independent variables, namely product quality, product variety and price, and the dependent variable of purchasing decisions. There are 90 respondents with criteria as car owners and visitors to PT. Trans Sumatra Agung (Suzuki Car Dealer Sisingamangaraja Hajosari II Medan Amplas) domiciled in Medan Indonesia. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS program. The results of the study found that three independent variables were proven to be able to positively and significantly influence consumer decisions in buying MPV cars. However, this study also found that, surprisingly, the product quality variable had a greater influence than the price and product quality variety variables. While the least influence on purchasing decisions is product variation. This study recommends the company management pay attention to the element of product quality, product variety, and price in preparing its promotional program to attract more consumers to buy Multi-Purpose Vehicle (MPV) cars.

ELECTRIC SCOOTER SEGWAY

In today’s world, the infrastructure of College and Industries are becoming insanely large so if one has to travel or visit from one place to another he has to walk a long distance and sometimes it becomes very hasty and inconvenient. Sometimes after too much travelling on campus, it causes strain and pain in the body. So to travel these distances a two-wheeled electric scooter like Segway was introduced. But, these scooters are very costly as they start from ₹ 50,000. Another problem with that vehicle is that they are difficult to handle when we drive the first time. So in alternate to this product, we developed whole newly designed product and this is Reliable, Eco-friendly, a Compact vehicle to travel easily. Its utilities are college campus, Airports, Industries, Recreational Parks, Sanctuaries, Museums, Palaces, Villas etc. So our project is on design and fabrication of two-wheel vehicle and also its a multipurpose utility vehicle. The concept of the model taken from children’s scooter bicycle. The complete body looks like a scooter bicycle in which platform is provided for standing and driving the electric powered scooter. This product is a battery powered and motor-driven vehicle. The scooter is intended to use in indoors areas as well as in outdoor areas, hence eradicating pollution like petrol engines. Key Words: Battery, EV, Electric scooter, Electric bike, Lead acid, Lithium-ion, Electric Motor, Brushless DC, AC motor, DC motor.

Development of mini smart multipurpose vehicle for organic rice harvesting

This <span lang="EN-US">research aimed to develop the mini smart multipurpose vehicle (MSMPv) innovative from the conventional agriculture tractor for three objectives. The novel automatic gear modified technique for the MSMPv is proposed, then an idea to enhance peripheral capability through a hitch system. The final purpose is to support the farmer's ability to follow organic agriculture regulations on the issue of contaminated tools and machinery, especially in the rules related to contamination of equipment or machines that cannot share with conventional agricultural production. The organic rice crop plot of Nong Bua Lamphu Province in Thailand has been set to the case study. Here, farmers faced problems; lack of labour, production under an organic system that does not permit chemicals, and limited harvesting. According to the existing technology, this research has developed a typical farm tractor used in the country by inventing a manual transmission engine to an automatic transmission and accessories such as remote control, GPS, camera, and sensors. Thus, the development of this organic rice harvesting prototype should be an approach that provides both the opportunity to raise the self-reliance concept and enhance the knowledge of the development of innovative tools for farmers simultaneously.</span>

Pick-Up and Delivery Problem for Sequentially Consolidated Urban Transportation with Mixed and Multi-Pupropse Vehicle Fleet

Different urban transportation flows (e.g., passenger journeys, freight distribution, and waste management) are conventionally separately handled by corresponding single-purpose vehicles (SVs). The multi-purpose vehicle (MV) is a novel vehicle concept that can enable the sequential sharing of different transportation flows by changing the so-called modules, thus theoretically improving the efficiency of urban transportation through the utilization of higher vehicles. In this study, a variant of the pick-up and delivery problem with time windows is established to describe the sequential sharing problem considering both MVs and SVs with features of multiple depots, partial recharging strategies, and fleet sizing. MVs can change their load modules to carry all item types that can also be carried by SVs. To solve the routing problem, an adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm is developed with new problem-specific heuristics. The proposed ALNS is tested on 15 small-size cases and evaluated using a commercial MIP solver. Results show that the proposed algorithm is time-efficient and able to generate robust and high-quality solutions. We investigate the performance of the ALNS algorithm by analyzing convergence and selection probabilities of the heuristic solution that destroy and repair operators. On 15 large-size instances, we compare results for pure SV, pure MV, and mixed fleets, showing that the introduction of MVs can allow smaller fleet sizes while approximately keeping the same total travel distance as for pure SVs.

Modular Multi-Domain Aware Autonomous Surface Vehicle for Inspection

A growing interest in ocean exploration for scientific and commercial research has been shown, mainly due to the technological developments for maritime and offshore industries. The use of Autonomous surface vehicles (ASV) have a promising role to revolutionize the transportation, monitorization, operation and maintenance areas, allowing to perform distinct task from offshore assets inspection to harbor patrolling. This work presents SENSE, an autonomouS vEssel for multi-domaiN inSpection and maintEnance. It provides an open-source hardware and software architecture that is easy to replicate for both research institutes and industry. This is a multi-purpose vehicle capable of acquiring multi-domain data for inspecting and reconstructing maritime infrastructures. SENSE provides a research platform which can increase the situational awareness capabilities for ASVs. SENSE full configuration provides multimodal sensory data acquired from both domains using a Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), a stereoscopic camera, and a multibeam echosounder. In addition, it supplies navigation information obtained from a real-time kinematic satellite navigation system and inertial measurement units. Moreover, the tests performed at the harbor of Marina de Leça, at Porto, Portugal, resulted in a dataset which captures a fully operational harbor. It illustrates several conditions on maritime scenarios, such as undocking and docking examples, crossings with other vehicles and distinct types of moored vessels. The data available represents both domains of the maritime scenario, being the first public dataset acquired for multi-domain observation using a single vehicle. This paper also provides examples of applications for navigation and inspection on multi-domain scenarios, such as odometry estimation, bathymetric surveying and multi-domain mapping.

Information and communication technologies for intelligent control of ground unmanned multipur-pose vehicles

At present, there is a situation when the practice of creating modern devices, units and systems of ground unmanned vehicles (GUV) has preceded the theory of information analysis and synthesis of complex systems. Some existing solutions for the information support of the GUV need to be generalized, standardized and unified, the definition of new special requirements for the creation of computer systems and networks in transport should be made. Therefore, it is necessary and actual to develop information and communication technology for intelligent control of multi-purpose GUV. Goal. The purpose of the article is to develop information and communication technology for intelligent control of multi-purpose GUV, which work in conditions of intensive loads, difficult operating conditions, increased responsibility of mechanisms, resulting in reduced human losses and energy consumption, increased machine reliability and control accuracy. Methodology. The methodology of tasks is based on the use of a synergetic approach to the creation of information and communication technology for intelligent control of multi-purpose GUV, as the development of a systematic approach taking into account the adaptation and integration of the vehicle to transport infrastructure and/or rough terrain. The principles of synergetics underlie the construction of mechatronic systems – a combination in one unit of components of different technical nature (mechanical, electrical, computer), which adaptively interact with the external environment as a single functional and structural organism. The synergetic approach deals with phenomena and processes, as a result of which the system – as a whole – may have properties that none of the parts has. Results. The concept of intelligent control of multi-purpose GUV on the basis of artificial hybrid neuro-phase regulators with the use of cloud computing services and deep learning technology is proposed, substantiated and implemented, which allows to qualitatively increase the efficiency of both one vehicle and the transport system on the base combining a synergetic approach and evolutionary methods of learning multilayer artificial neural networks by objectively forming the architecture of these networks on the basis of learning functionalities and appropriate control objectives. Originality. Use of cloud computing services based on deep learning for intelligent control technology of GUV. Practical value. The proposed information and communication technology of intelligent control of multi-purpose GUV will significantly reduce energy consumption, psychophysical stress on crew members, as well as increase the accuracy of location.

Integration of Waste Assessment Model and Lean Automation to Improve Process Cycle Efficiency in the Automotive Industry

Purpose: This study aims to improve Process Cycle Efficiency (PCE) by reducing waste in the assembly production line. This research is a case study conducted in a four-wheel vehicle manufacturing company to create a Lean production system. Methodology/Approach: This study uses the Waste Assessment Model (WAM) and Lean Automation integration methods carried out by 5 expert judgements in the selected four-wheeled vehicle industry. Findings: Based on the WAM method, this study found the biggest waste on the assembly line, namely transportation with a percentage of 20.44%. Improvements made with Lean Automation can increase the value of PCE from 56.76% to 63.62%. Research Limitation/Implication: This research is limited to one model, namely Multi Purpose Vehicle (MPV). This research provides benefits for companies related to waste reduction. For similar companies, this research can be input for manufacturing practitioners in improving manufacturing performance to compete in the global market. This Lean production can reduce manpower which has an impact on saving production costs. Originality/Value of paper: This paper provides added value related to the application of Lean terminology which aims to improve industrial automation-based manufacturing companies.