Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions Research Articles

Current Developments in the Research Data Repository RADAR

Current Developments in the Research Data Repository RADAR

Content Matters: Clustering Web Pages for QoE Analysis With WebCLUST

The properties of a web page have a strong impact on its overall loading process, including the download of its contents and their progressive rendering at the browser. As a consequence, web page content has a strong impact on the experience of web users. In this paper, we present WebCLUST, a clustering-based classification approach for web pages, which groups pages into quality-meaningful content classes impacting the Quality of Experience (QoE) of the users. Groups are defined based on standard Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) content breakdown and external subdomain connections, obtained through in-browser, application level measurements. Using a large corpus of multi-device, heterogeneous web content and QoE-relevant measurements for the top-500 most popular websites in the Internet, we show how WebCLUST can automatically identify relevant web content classes showing significantly different performance in terms of Web QoE relevant metrics, such as Speed Index. We additionally evaluate the impact of content caching and device type on the identification performance of WebCLUST, showing how content classes might look significantly different, depending on the access device type (desktop vs mobile), as well as when considering browser caching. Our findings suggest that Web QoE assessment should explicitly consider page content and subdomain embedding within the analysis, especially when it comes to recent work on Web QoE inference through machine learning models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the impact of web content on Web QoE metrics, opening the door to new Web QoE assessment strategies.

Validation Analysis of Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) File Upload using Magic Number and Document Object Model (DOM)

The use of technology is increasing rapidly, such as applications or services connected to the Internet. Security is considered necessary because of the growing and increasing use of digital systems. With the number of threats to attacks on digital form or server systems is required to handle the risk of attacks on the server, the file upload feature. The system usually processes the file upload feature on a website or server with server-side (back-end) validation or filtering of digital object file types or a client-side (front-end) web browser in HTML or Javascript. Filtering techniques for Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) usually files only see the file extension or Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) type of an uploaded file. However, this filtering can still manipulate, for example, in ASCII prefix checking, which has two writes, namely "<?xml” and “<svg ”. SVG files do not contain metadata such as image encoded in JPEG or PNG files. This problem can overcome by adding filtering techniques to check the validation of a file with validation of eXtensible Markup Language (XML) using magic numbers and the Document Object Model (DOM). This research developed using the waterfall method and black-box security testing refers to a software security testing method in which security controls, defense, and application design are tested. Handling of security validation for uploading SVG files using file extensions and MIME types has a success rate of 75 percent from the eight tested scenarios while handling using file extensions, magic numbers, and Document Object Model (DOM) produces a success rate of 100 percent from 8 test scenarios. Testing uses a black-box so that handling using the file extension, magic number, and Document Object Model (DOM) is better than using only file extensions and mime types.

Interoperative fundus image and report sharing in compliance with integrating the healthcare enterprise conformance and web access to digital imaging and communication in medicine persistent object protocol.

To address issues in interoperability between different fundus image systems, we proposed a web eye-picture archiving and communication system (PACS) framework in conformance with digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) and health level 7 (HL7) protocol to realize fundus images and reports sharing and communication through internet. Firstly, a telemedicine-based eye care work flow was established based on integrating the healthcare enterprise (IHE) Eye Care technical framework. Then, a browser/server architecture eye-PACS system was established in conformance with the web access to DICOM persistent object (WADO) protocol, which contains three tiers. In any client system installed with web browser, clinicians could log in the eye-PACS to observe fundus images and reports. Multipurpose internet mail extensions (MIME) type of a structured report is saved as pdf/html with reference link to relevant fundus image using the WADO syntax could provide enough information for clinicians. Some functions provided by open-source Oviyam could be used to query, zoom, move, measure, view DICOM fundus images. Such web eye-PACS in compliance to WADO protocol could be used to store and communicate fundus images and reports, therefore is of great significance for teleophthalmology.

Security and Privacy Issues in Secure E-Mail Standards and Services

Secure e-mail standards, such as Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) and Secure / Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (S/MIME), apply cryptographic algorithms to provide secure and private e-mail services over the public Internet. In this article, we first review a number of cryptographic ciphers, trust and certificate systems, and key management systems and infrastructures widely used in secure e-mail standards and services. We then focus on the discussion of several essential security and privacy issues, such as cryptographic cipher selection and operation sequences, in both PGP and S/MIME. This work tries to provide readers a comprehensive impression of the security and privacy provided in the current secure e-mail services.

Networked device capability and content media format matching scheme for multimedia access

This paper presents a scheme to dynamically match capabilities of content sinks and media formats of items supplied by content sources to improve interoperability among a wide range of networked CE devices. The scheme proposes the use of transcoders located in external networks (e.g. Internet) when a match is not found locally. Here "media format" refers to the combination of content encoding format and packaging or transport method used to make available the content item on the network. Existing capability matching methods rely on standard repositories agreed a priori such as MIME (multipurpose Internet mail extensions) media types, and DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) media format profiles. The proposed scheme based on external transcoders enables support of profiles based on newly invented formats or new combinations of existing formats and packaging or transport methods. This extensible approach makes possible rendering of content items available in media profiles unknown to the renderer. Our capability matching scheme improves media interoperability when compared with existing methods.

Security, privacy, and confidentiality issues on the Internet.

We introduce the issues around protecting information about patients and related data sent via the Internet. We begin by reviewing three concepts necessary to any discussion about data security in a healthcare environment: privacy, confidentiality, and consent. We are giving some advice on how to protect local data. Authentication and privacy of e-mail via encryption is offered by Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) and Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME). The de facto Internet standard for encrypting Web-based information interchanges is Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), more recently known as Transport Layer Security or TLS. There is a public key infrastructure process to `sign' a message whereby the private key of an individual can be used to `hash' the message. This can then be verified against the sender's public key. This ensures the data's authenticity and origin without conferring privacy, and is called a `digital signature'. The best protection against viruses is not opening e-mails from unknown sources or those containing unusual message headers.

"Virtual microscopy" and the internet as telepathology consultation tools: diagnostic accuracy in evaluating melanocytic skin lesions.

The Internet offers a widely available, inexpensive tool for telepathology consultations. It allows the transfer of image and text files through electronic mail (e-mail) or file transfer protocols (FTP), using a variety of microcomputer platforms. We studied the use of the Internet and "virtual microscopy" tools for the diagnosis of 35 skin biopsies, including a variety of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. Digitized images from these lesions were obtained at 40x and 100x optical magnification, using a high resolution digital camera (Microlumina, Leaf Systems, Southborough, MA), a light microscope with a phototube adapter and a microcomputer with a Pentium 166 MHz microprocessor. Two to four images of each case were arranged on a "canvas" to represent the majority or an entire biopsy level, using Photoshop software (Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA). The images were compressed using Joint Photographers Expert Group (JPEG) format. The images were then viewed on a computer video monitor in a manner that closely resembles light microscopy, including scrolling by using the "hand tool" of Photoshop and changing magnification digitally up to 4 times without visible image degradation. The image files, ranging in size from 700 kilobytes to 2.1 megabytes (average 1.6 megabytes) were attached to e-mail messages that contained clinical information, using standard Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) protocols and sent through the Internet, for interpretation by a dermatopathologist. The consultant could open the images from the e-mail message, using Microsoft Outlook Express (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA) and Photoshop software, scroll them, change magnification and render a diagnosis in a manner that closely simulates light microscopy. One hundred percent concordance was obtained between the telepathology and traditional hematoxylin and eosin slide diagnoses. The Internet and relatively inexpensive "virtual microscopy" tools offer a novel technology for dermatopathology consultations. Potential applications of this technology to pathology and technical problems posed by the use of an open, widely distributed network to share sensitive medical information are discussed.

An Interactive Multimedia Scenario Messaging System

The authors propose a new scheme for a multimedia mail scenario service for Internet multimedia mail based on the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) standard. The proposed active mail service allows the composition, sending, and presentation of the multimedia scenarios that form the basis of the messaging system. The service is designed to be a more effective tool for multimedia collaboration by providing a more effective scenario and a portable scenario service.

The Application of Chemical Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (Chemical MIME) Internet Standards to Electronic Mail and World Wide Web Information Exchange

The proposal and subsequent global use of an Internet standard based on chemical primary Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (chemical MIME) media type is reviewed. Examples of the configuration of this standard for use with Internet-based electronic mail and World Wide Web clients are shown. The long-term objectives of the integration and interoperability of chemical information across the boundaries of Internet-based electronic journals, conferences, virtual courses, databases, modeling, and newly emerging information handling and modeling tools are set out. We believe that one way forward is by concentrating on more finely grained chemical information components, using generic tools based on XML (eXtensible markup language) and its support in chemistry via CML (chemical markup language).

The spec's in the mail

The paper discusses the coevolution of the Internet Text Message (RFC 822) format and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP, RFC 821), from its roots as a printer-spooling convention piggybacked on FTP through the development of the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) up to the latest drafts of the Detailed Revision/Update of Message Standards (DRUMS) working group.

ARIEL document delivery: a cost‐effective alternative to fax

Describes ARIEL, a high‐speed, high‐quality, cost‐effective document delivery system that runs on the Internet. Journal articles can be sent from one place to another by scanning the article directly from the journal. Text and graphics are digested into the computer, transmitted over the Internet, and printed on a laser printer at the receiving end. Developed in 1990 by the Research Libraries Group of the Research Libraries Information Network, ARIEL is becoming the document delivery system of choice for a rapidly growing number of users in the USA and abroad. The key advantages which ARIEL has over the fax are: no long‐distance phone charges; high image resolution; original source can be scanned; can send and receive documents at the same time; does not require dedicated equipment; and documents can be stored and forwarded at a later time. ARIEL Version 2.0, released in February 1997, incorporates Multi‐purpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) technology which enables documents to be transmitted to the computer screen via e‐mail from one individual to another. Describes the hardware and software requirements, the cost of getting started, and one library’s experience, as part of a pilot project, with the ARIEL document delivery system.

A multimedia gateway for phone/fax and MIME mail

Facsimiles have become the most popular form of text communication on the public switched telephone network (PSTN). At the same time, the e-mail is the well-liked textual delivery system on computer networks. The message exchange between the fax/phone and e-mail will improve their availability and increase their messaging capabilities. In the Distributed System Laboratory at the National Central University, ROC, a new system integrating the MIME (multipurpose internet mail extensions) mail and fax/phone has been proposed and implemented to fulfil the requirements of bidirectional multimedia messaging. A user can send mails from Internet to PSTN. Furthermore, our system allows transmitting multimedia messages from PSTN to Internet. The system has the following properties: (1) only use the usual current equipments, e.g. telephones, G3 fax machines and personal computers, (2) be conformable to the popular protocols and existing systems, (3) provide user-friendly interfaces, such as the voice guided help, and (4) provide a universal and transparent addressing scheme between facsimiles and e-mail. Finally, we believe that our system meets real user needs.

The ARIEL Document Delivery System: A Cost-Effective Alternative to the Fax

ABSTRACT ARIEL is a high-speed, high-quality, cost-effective document delivery system that runs on the Internet. Journal articles can be sent from one place to another by scanning the article directly from the journal. The text and graphics are digitized into the computer, transmitted over the Internet, and printed on a laser printer at the receiving end. Developed in 1990 by the Research Libraries Group of the Research Libraries Information Network, ARIEL is becoming the document delivery system of choice for a rapidly growing number of users in the U.S. and abroad. The key advantages which ARIEL has over the fax are: (1) no long-distance phone charges; (2) high image resolution; (3) original source can be scanned; (4) can send and receive documents at the same time; (5) does not require dedicated equipment; and (6) documents can be stored and forwarded at a later time. In the very near future, ARIEL software will incorporate MIME (Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions) technology which will enable documents to be transmitted to the screen via e-mail from one individual to another. This paper describes the hardware and software requirements, the cost of getting started, and one library's experience, as part of a pilot project, with the ARIEL document delivery system.

Digital toolbox. Controlling interests [MIME

Lately, I've been sifting through the murky world of electronic mail file attachments-specifically, how MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is creating a cross-platform standard to make sending and receiving files via e-mail increasingly painless, but e-mail is really just the beginning of MIME's usefulness. Today's World Wide Web browser is where the action is headed, and MIME is nested there in the background as well.

Exchanging SGML documents using internet mail and MIME

The Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) provides an extensible capability to receive, via electronic mail, more than just plain text. Its capabilities include audio, graphics and video. As an Internet Draft Standard [4] it is being widely deployed in commercial and public domain mail systems. The extensibility makes it an attractive vehicle for the exchange of documents that use the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) [8]. This paper reports on work in integrating the MIME and SGML standards. MIME is the result of an Internet Engineering Task Force effort to expand the capabilities of Internet mail without disturbing the existing base of text mail systems. It provides mechanisms for content labelling and multiple content parts within the Internet message body. There are seven basic MIME content types, text, image, video, audio, application, message, and multipart. Multipart indicates a message that contains multiple body parts each of which is an independent message part; the others represent atomic message units. Each content type has associated with it a set of subtypes that the MUA uses to precisely identify the contents and then to invoke the appropriate software to process that content. MIME can also be used to create an ad hoc encoding for the SGML Document Interchange Format (SDIF) [7] data stream, allowing a MIME capable mail user agent (MUA) to directly display the encoded documents. For SGML and SDIF processing new subtypes are proposed that identify the documents and allow for the appropriate processing. When exchanging an SGML document the document's internal entity and process structure must be transferred along with the files. Maximum utility occurs when these structures are represented in a system independent manner. The MIME approach exposes those structure and transports them by providing them with a canonical representation. An experimental implementation was built using the publicly available software packages, sgmls (a SGML parser) and mh (a mail user agent). They were modified to generate and read MIME encoded SGML documents.

MIME and Electronic Reference Services

Interest in using electronic mail as a basis for reference service has grown considerably in recent years. This paper reviews some of the specific uses reported in the professional literature. In addition, it considers the more sophisticated capabilities of mail systems operating in compliance with the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) and how systems supporting the interchange of complex, socalled multimedia documents may be expected to affect the use of electronic mail for library and information services.

The multimedia fax-MIME gateway

New standards may help bridge the rapidly growing communities of the Internet and facsimile machine users. One of these is the Internet standard proposed in July 1992 which provides enhanced capabilities for e-mail. This new standard, Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME), lets users exchange multiple-media mail messages over the Internet. The fax-MIME gateway takes advantage of these developments to offer fax services to Internet users and Internet services to multimedia fax users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

MIME: a portable and robust multimedia format for Internet mail

Although multimedia systems are rapidly becoming more widely available and affordable, most present-day multimedia applications are not designed with interoperability in mind. Multimedia data from one application can be used in another only in relatively specialized circumstances or with special translator software, effort, and expense. While this situation is undesirable, it is not a critical impediment to the use of multimedia in many application domains. In others, however, the lack of interoperability is crucial, and nowhere is this more the case than for multimedia electronic mail. MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), the new standard format defined by an Internet Engineering Task Force Working Group, offers a simple standardized way to represent and encode a wide variety of media types, including images, audio, video, and non-ASCII textual data, for transmission via Internet mail. MIME extends Internet mail in a manner that is simple, completely backward-compatible, yet flexible and open to extension. In addition to enhanced functionality for Internet mail, the new mechanism offers the promise of interconnecting X.400 “islands” without the loss of functionality currently found in X.400-to-Internet gateways. This paper describes the general approach and rationale of the new mechanisms for Internet multimedia mail.