Multiplier Effect Of Investment Research Articles

Multiplier Effect of Investment in Nepalese Economy

Multiplier Effect of Investment in Nepalese Economy

Value generated by the multiplier effect of investments by the pharmaceutical industry in Italy: proposals to promote competitiveness and attractiveness

Pharmaceutical industry investments in Italy must be supported with a reform process that promotes simplifications to generate an attractive ecosystem that can enhance innovation. Key actions include facilitating the start-up of clinical trials, promoting public-private partnerships to support technology transfer, integrating data infrastructures to overcome the logic of silos, expanding programs for prevention and early identification of diseases, simultaneous reimbursement for therapy and diagnostic testing, and launching a structural program for early access to therapies. The total contribution of the sector in the last 10 years to the Italian economy was € 315 bn. Looking at employment (67 thousand people employed in the sector in 2020), it is possible to estimate about 280 thousand jobs activated in Italy just in 2020. An Altems study quantified a leverage effect of 2.77 in terms of benefits to the Italian NHS from direct investment in clinical research, which means that for every € 1 invested by companies in clinical trials, € 1.77 of additional savings were generated for the NHS. Applying the multiplier on R&D investments of the entire pharmaceutical sector in 2020 (€ 1.6 bn), we could estimate approximately € 4.4 bn in benefits for the NHS. In addition to these benefits there are the noneconomic benefits of clinical research, including early access for patients to innovative therapies, resulting in improved clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients and caregivers in general.

STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF WAREHOUSE LOGISTICS AS A COMPONENT OF TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS IN THE FOCUS OF ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION

The subject of the study is the theoretical and methodological aspects of the development strategy of warehouse logistics as a component of transport and logistics systems in the focus of economic transformation. Methodology. General scientific methods used in the study, in particular: theoretical generalization; methods of positive and normative analysis, statistical analysis. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the strategy of development of warehouse logistics as a component of transport and logistics systems in the focus of economic transformation. Results. The article substantiates the development strategy of warehouse logistics as a component of transport and logistics systems in the focus of economic transformation. The main components of the development strategy of logistics management at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels are revealed. The main directions of development of transport and logistics system of Ukraine in the context of European integration. It is emphasized that the multiplier effect of investment in transport and logistics does not work by itself, but requires effective management of the regional economy, a high level of business activity in the leading sectors of the regional economy and successful spatial planning. The identified multiplier indicators and their trends in the regions show that investment in the development of transport and, in particular, infrastructure is one of the important incentives for regional economic development. At the same time, the investment acceleration indicators in the dynamics show a downward trend in all regions, which indicates the insufficient level of funding for transport and logistics support against the background of the gradual growth of the regional economy. The article substantiates a system model for assessing the level of development of the transport and logistics system in the region. The structural model of the development strategy of regional warehousing logistics has been proposed. To clarify the nature, main tasks and role in the development of transport and logistics structures in the region, a structural model of the development strategy of warehouse logistics, which systematizes: the conditions necessary to build a warehouse infrastructure and organize logistics activities in the region; identified alternatives for the necessary scale, technology placement and communications of warehouse systems, as well as the types and forms of organizational links between market participants, which are directly or indirectly related to this activity.

Project Financing in Food Processing Industry

India is a major producer of many agricultural commodities and it accounts for nine per cent of the world’s fruit production and about 11 per cent of the vegetable production.Food today is the single largest component of household consumption expenditure within India with the current food consumption estimated at Rs 8,60,000 crore. Processed foods account for Rs 4,60,000 crore and primary processed food (includes packed fruits and vegetables, packed milk, etc.) Rs 2,80,000 crore. Changing age profile, increase in income, social changes (increasing number of working women), life style factors and organized retail outlets are factors favoring the growth of the food-processing sector. This helps the sector generate significant employment as well as great profit maximization opportunities. The multiplier effect of investment in food processing industry on employment generation is 2.5 times than in other industrial sectors.Taking this fact into consideration we have tried to “check the Financial, Marketing and Technical Viability of a Food processing unit”.In this project work the following points has been taken into consideration that:➢ What are the Marketing elements, which are, need to be taken care of while establishing a food-processing unit. i.e. market competitor analysis, what should be the best place to start the operation, considering the Government policies, benefits, tax policies of the state etc.➢ What are the machineries and equipments and technologies required to start the business.➢ What would be the plant layout, natural and climatic conditions?➢ What are the financial elements, which should be required to be focus upon? i.e. Projected cash flow, Ration analysis, current ration, debt to equity ratio, interest coverage ratio, Return on investment, internal ret of return etc.After analyzing all the above given concerns it has been concluded that its viable and wise decision to make investment in the food processing unit.