Multiplication Of Planting Material Research Articles

Development of efficient and scalable regeneration tissue culture method for Cannabis sativa

Large scale production of uniform disease-free plants is crucial for Cannabis sativa biotechnology. Existing micropropagation protocols rely heavily on shoot multiplication from existing meristems via direct organogenesis. Such protocols do not allow multiplication of plant material through continuous sub-culturing. Protocols that use indirect regeneration are usually not efficient enough and have very low multiplication rates. In the present study, an efficient protocol that uses a combination of direct organogenesis and callogenesis to induce multiple shoot development cultures is developed. Callogenesis was induced from various explants cultured on the media having various combinations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); best callogenesis and shoot regeneration was achieved from hypocotyl explants cultured on TDZ 0.4mgl-1 NAA 0.2mgl-1. Hypocotyls with cotyledonary node and shoot apical meristem were significantly better for shoot regeneration than explants without it. Shoots obtained from multiple shoot cultures were successfully rooted and then acclimatized under greenhouse conditions to develop into adult cannabis plants.

In vitro mass propagation of flowering plant Torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.) through nodal segment

Torenia fournieri is an important ornamental plant in Bangladesh that can grow in a variety of soils in moist areas. It is an extensively studied plant species to investigate fertilization and movement of chromosome. This investigation was carried out to establish a suitable protocol for large scale in vitro regeneration. In vitro mass propagation is one of the best biotechnological methods that can be ensured rapid multiplication of disease-free propagules and genetically identical plant production for plant breeding. In vitro plant regeneration in Torenia was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BA using nodal segments as explants. Maximum 95% of the explants were produced multiple shoots in this medium. The maximum number (12) of shoot per explant and the maximum shoot length of 5.5 cm were observed after 60 days of culture. The well-rooted were found when strong and healthy shoots were transferred into half strength of MS+ 1.0 mg/l IBA. The maximum number (18) of root per shoot and the maximum root length of 4.83 cm were recorded in this medium after 30 days of culture whilst 90% of shoots induced root. In vitro raised plantlets did not show any morphological variation and 90% of plantlets was survived in the natural environment. In this study, rapid multiplication of planting material in Torenia through in vitro propagation techniques such as shoot initiation, multiplication, rooting, hardening and optimizing the concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators is developed. This regeneration protocol will be helpful in in vitro mutagenesis technique to create new variation of this plant within short time cycle.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ СПОСОБЫ УСКОРЕННОГО РАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ ПОСАДОЧНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА РАСТЕНИЙ SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ СПОСОБЫ УСКОРЕННОГО РАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ ПОСАДОЧНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА РАСТЕНИЙ SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L

Innovative Technologies for Quality Seed Production and Vegetative Multiplication in Forage Grasses

India is facing a shortage of green fodder, dry crop residues and concentrates. The increase in area under fodder crops seems difficult owing to competition from food crops. Hence, utilization of non-cultivable areas for pastures and introducing high biomass producing forages in cultivable lands appear as the viable option. However, the major constraint in revitalizing 85 m ha of denuded grasslands/forest wastelands is the availability of good quality seed and/or planting material. The present article describes the development of technologies for multiplication of seed and planting material in Bajra-Napier hybrid, Deenanath grass and Guinea grass. The in vitro rooting of stem cuttings and rapid multiplication of Bajra-Napier hybrid rooted slips using high-density stem cutting nursery were developed to reduce the time and space constraints for multiplication and transport of rooted slips. The innovative defluffing technique helps in extracting the caryopsis from the fluffy seed material of Deenanath grass and significantly reduces the volume. The naked seed so produced is good for pelleting and precise sowing. The in vitro maturation of panicles and application of indoleacetic acid during pre-anthesis stage in Guinea grass have resulted in increased seed set and germination respectively. All these innovative technologies are cost-effective, simple and can boost the grass seed and planting material production which otherwise is miniscule compared to the demand. These techniques are in way to solve the myriad problems of grass seed production and multiplication of planting material.

Training needs of rural women in agriculture in Delta and Edo States of Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to identify training needs of rural women in agriculture in Delta and Edo States of Nigeria to improve their indigenous scientific knowledge and skills for a sustainable agricultural production. Their traditional crop production techniques were surveyed under the following three headings: (i) on-farm activities, (ii) off-farmactivities, and (iii) miscellaneous activities. Skill areas were identified and the rural women were interviewed to find out areas of training needs. Threemajor farming communities, Abavo, Urhonigbe and Abraka, formed the study area, from where 30 women were selected from each community for interview. Results showed that over 82 per cent of the rural women neededtraining in planting, post-planting, and processing activities. The percentage of rural women that expressed training needs in credit procurement techniques was 68.5 per cent, while 62 per cent wanted skills in preservation and storage techniques. Also, a high percentage of thewomen needed skills in multiplication of planting materials; for example, seed yams and cassava cutting (76.8%). Prospects of using mechanised equipment (e.g. tractors) were rendered impossible by the communal landownership patterns in these communities. Based on the results, it was recommended, among others, that women agriculturalists or extension agents should be used to educate the rural women on the various areas of training needs to enhance productivity.

Method for annual cropping of Pelargonium graveolens for rose scented geranium essential oil in subtropical agroclimates

SummaryA method is described for the multiplication of planting material of rose scented geranium Pelargonium graveolens ‘Bipuli’, which yields Reunion Island quality essential oil, under the agroclimatic conditions of the north Indian plains. The plantlets generated from stem cuttings were planted in the field blocks using crop densities varying from 17,000 to 125,000 plants per hectare in February. The top shoots were harvested in May and the ratoon crop was fully harvested at the end of June. Two harvests from treatments in which there were 71,000 plants per hectare gave about 95.kg essential oil per hectare in the ratio of 1.7:1 in the first and second harvests. The quality of essential oil produced had a rhodinol content of 70% in which the citronellol to geraniol ratio is 1.7. These results demonstrate that the adoption of geranium cultivation will allow crop rotations such as rice/pigeon pea-potato-geranium for large economic gains per hectare, in subtropical agroclimates.