Multiple Groups Research Articles

"Our Community Comes First": Investigating Recruitment Ads That Represent and Appeal to Black Women for Online, HIV-Related Research Studies.

Black women are underrepresented in health-related research. Consulting Black women in the creation of recruitment materials may help increase their representation in research studies, but few of these recruitment materials have been evaluated. This manuscript reports on the impact of two ads (one featuring older women and one featuring younger women) created through multiple focus group sessions with Black women. The purpose of the ads were to recruit Black women to participate in an online research study about HIV prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis, PrEP. Questions about the ads were embedded in the eligibility screener for inclusion in the online parent research study. Respondents were asked which ad they saw, what they liked about it, and what about the ad piqued their interest in the study. In total, 301 Black women completed the eligibility screener for the online study and answered questions pertaining to the two ads. Most participants reported seeing the ad with younger women (260/301, 86.4%). Representation of Black women (n = 70), ad design (n = 64), relevance to Black women and the Black community (n = 60), and comprehensiveness of ad content (n = 38) were the top 4 ad features respondents liked. Relevance to Black women and the Black community (n = 104) as well as ad content (n = 54) (i.e., study purpose, location, duration, images, incentive) were the top two reasons provided about ads that piqued respondent's interest in the online study. Findings showcase how recruitment ads informed by Black women could help increase their interest and participation in research.

Leveraging community-based mental health services to reduce inequities for children and families living in United States who have experienced migration-related trauma.

Trauma systems therapy for refugees (TST-R) is a trauma-focused, culturally responsive mental health prevention and intervention model designed to meet the needs of children and families who are fleeing their home countries and seeking humanitarian refuge. TST-R provides trauma-focused mental health treatment and addresses problems in part exacerbated by harsh U.S. immigration policies (e.g., poor mental health, stigma, fear) that have implications for the psychosocial well-being of immigrant children and families, especially those who have experienced migration-related trauma. Informed by a community-based participatory research approach, TST-R was developed as an adaptation of trauma systems therapy to address common barriers to care experienced by those of refugee and immigrant backgrounds, including mental health stigma, distrust of service systems, and cultural and linguistic barriers. TST-R is a multitiered and phase-based intervention that strategically addresses stressors and needs across levels of the social ecology. Most TST-R services are delivered in easily accessible, nonstigmatizing settings (e.g., school) by a cultural broker and a clinician who work in partnership. TST-R has been disseminated and implemented with multiple cultural groups (e.g., Somali, Bhutanese) across the United States and Canada. Given the unique stressors, strengths, and needs of immigrant children and their families, mental health services must be equitable, community based, and sustainable. TST-R demonstrates promise as a prevention and intervention model especially for those experiencing immigration policy-related stressors and may serve as a guide for developing child mental health policies and immigration policies that promote mental well-being for immigrant families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Separable Spatial-Temporal Residual Graph for Cloth-Changing Group Re-Identification.

Group re-identification (GReID) aims to correctly associate group images belonging to the same group identity, which is a crucial task for video surveillance. Existing methods only model the member feature representations inside each image (regarded as spatial members), which leads to potential failures in long-term video surveillance due to cloth-changing behaviors. Therefore, we focus on a new task called cloth-changing group re-identification (CCGReID), which needs to consider group relationship modeling in GReID and robust group representation against cloth-changing members. In this paper, we propose the separable spatial-temporal residual graph (SSRG) for CCGReID. Unlike existing GReID methods, SSRG considers both spatial members inside each group image and temporal members among multiple group images with the same identity. Specifically, SSRG constructs full graphs for each group identity within the batched data, which will be completely and non-redundantly separated into the spatial member graph (SMG) and temporal member graph (TMG). SMG aims to extract group features from spatial members, and TMG improves the robustness of the cloth-changing members by feature propagation. The separability enables SSRG to be available in the inference rather than only assisting supervised training. The residual guarantees efficient SSRG learning for SMG and TMG. To expedite research in CCGReID, we develop two datasets, including GroupPRCC and GroupVC, based on the existing CCReID datasets. The experimental results show that SSRG achieves state-of-the-art performance, including the best accuracy and low degradation (only 2.15% on GroupVC). Moreover, SSRG can be well generalized to the GReID task. As a weakly supervised method, SSRG surpasses the performance of some supervised methods and even approaches the best performance on the CSG dataset.

Classification of benign and malignant pulmonary nodule based on local-global hybrid network.

The accurate classification of pulmonary nodules has great application value in assisting doctors in diagnosing conditions and meeting clinical needs. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of pulmonary nodules make it difficult to extract valuable characteristics of pulmonary nodules, so it is still challenging to achieve high-accuracy classification of pulmonary nodules. In this paper, we propose a local-global hybrid network (LGHNet) to jointly model local and global information to improve the classification ability of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. First, we introduce the multi-scale local (MSL) block, which splits the input tensor into multiple channel groups, utilizing dilated convolutions with different dilation rates and efficient channel attention to extract fine-grained local information at different scales. Secondly, we design the hybrid attention (HA) block to capture long-range dependencies in spatial and channel dimensions to enhance the representation of global features. Experiments are carried out on the publicly available LIDC-IDRI and LUNGx datasets, and the accuracy, sensitivity, precision, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the LIDC-IDRI dataset are 94.42%, 94.25%, 93.05%, 92.87%, and 97.26%, respectively. The AUC on the LUNGx dataset was 79.26%. The above classification results are superior to the state-of-the-art methods, indicating that the network has better classification performance and generalization ability.

Relationships between almost completely decomposable abelian groups and their multiplication groups

Let [Formula: see text] be the class of Abelian block-rigid almost completely decomposable groups of ring type with cyclic regulator quotient. In this paper, we study relationships between the above groups [Formula: see text] and their multiplication groups Mult [Formula: see text]. It is proved that groups from [Formula: see text] are determined by their multiplication groups. For a rigid group [Formula: see text], the isomorphism problem is solved: we describe multiplications from [Formula: see text] that define isomorphic rings on [Formula: see text]. We also describe Abelian groups that are realized as the multiplication group of some group in [Formula: see text]. We describe groups in [Formula: see text] that are isomorphic to their multiplication groups.

Application of prone position ventilation in ventilation strategies for patients with COVID-19.

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been shown to die mainly due to disease-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prone position ventilation (PPV) is an important ventilation strategy in the management of patients with ARDS. To investigate the application of PPV in ventilation strategies for patients with COVID-19. Three hundred patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Shanxi Bethune Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively collected. Based on body position and conscious state, all patients were divided into three groups: intubation prone position group (n= 110), awake prone position group (n= 90) and supine position group (n= 100); The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE-II) scores, blood gas indicators, complications and other relevant clinical indicators were compared among the three groups. One-way ANOVA was used to compare means between multiple groups for quantitative information that conformed to a normal distribution. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for repeated measures data. Component comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test for non-normally distributed quantitative data. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA main effect analysis showed different effects of different treatments on PaO2 in patients with COVID-19 (F treatment = 256.231, P< 0.05), with the order of awake prone position group > intubation prone position group > supine position group. The effects of the three different treatments on P/F in patients with COVID-19 (F treatment = 311.661, P< 0.05), with the order of awake prone position group > supine position group > intubation prone position group; Moreover, the three treatments had different effects on APACHE II scores in patients with COVID-19 (F treatment = 201.342, P< 0.05), with the order of intubation prone position group > supine position group > awake prone position group. Intubation prone position and awake prone position can improve lung function to some extent in patients with COVID-19, and should be applied as early as possible in patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS.

MsSVT++: Mixed-Scale Sparse Voxel Transformer With Center Voting for 3D Object Detection.

Accurate 3D object detection in large-scale outdoor scenes, characterized by considerable variations in object scales, necessitates features rich in both long-range and fine-grained information. While recent detectors have utilized window-based transformers to model long-range dependencies, they tend to overlook fine-grained details. To bridge this gap, we propose MsSVT++, an innovative Mixed-scale Sparse Voxel Transformer that simultaneously captures both types of information through a divide-and-conquer approach. This approach involves explicitly dividing attention heads into multiple groups, each responsible for attending to information within a specific range. The outputs of these groups are subsequently merged to obtain final mixed-scale features. To mitigate the computational complexity associated with applying a window-based transformer in 3D voxel space, we introduce a novel Chessboard Sampling strategy and implement voxel sampling and gathering operations sparsely using a hash map. Moreover, an important challenge stems from the observation that non-empty voxels are primarily located on the surface of objects, which impedes the accurate estimation of bounding boxes. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a Center Voting module that integrates newly voted voxels enriched with mixed-scale contextual information towards the centers of the objects, thereby improving precise object localization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our single-stage detector, built upon the foundation of MsSVT++, consistently delivers exceptional performance across diverse datasets.

Relay Coordination Scheme in Microgrids Based on Non-Standard Tripping Curve of DOCRs With Multiple Setting Groups

Relay Coordination Scheme in Microgrids Based on Non-Standard Tripping Curve of DOCRs With Multiple Setting Groups

Designing pareto-optimal selection systems for multiple minority subgroups and multiple criteria.

Currently used Pareto-optimal (PO) approaches for balancing diversity and validity goals in selection can deal only with one minority group and one criterion. These are key limitations because the workplace and society at large are getting increasingly diverse and because selection system designers often have interest in multiple criteria. Therefore, the article extends existing methods for designing PO selection systems to situations involving multiple criteria and multiple minority groups (i.e., multiobjective PO selection systems). We first present a hybrid multiobjective PO approach for computing selection systems that are PO with respect to (a) a set of quality objectives (i.e., criteria) and (b) a set of diversity objectives where each diversity objective relates to a different minority group. Next, we propose three two-dimensional subspace procedures that aid selection designers in choosing between the PO systems in case of a high number of quality and diversity objectives. We illustrate our novel multiobjective PO approaches via several example applications, thereby demonstrating that they are the first to reveal the complete gamut of eligible PO selection designs and to faithfully capture the Pareto trade-off front in case of more than two objectives. In addition, a small-scale cross-validation study confirms that the resulting PO selection designs retain an advantage over alternative designs when applied in new validation samples. Finally, the article provides a link to an executable code to perform the new multiobjective PO approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Grouped Spherical Data Modeling Through Hierarchical Nonparametric Bayesian Models and Its Application to fMRI Data Analysis.

Recently, spherical data (i.e., L2 normalized vectors) modeling has become a promising research topic in various real-world applications (such as gene expression data analysis, document categorization, and gesture recognition). In this work, we propose a hierarchical nonparametric Bayesian model based on von Mises-Fisher (VMF) distributions for modeling spherical data that involve multiple groups, where each observation within a group is sampled from a VMF mixture model with an infinite number of components allowing them to be shared across groups. Our model is formulated by employing a hierarchical nonparametric Bayesian framework known as the hierarchical Pitman-Yor (HPY) process mixture model, which possesses a power-law nature over the distribution of the components and is particularly useful for data distributions with heavy tails and skewness. To learn the proposed HPY process mixture model with VMF distributions, we systematically develop a closed-form optimization algorithm based on variational Bayes (VB). The merits of the proposed hierarchical Bayesian nonparametric model for modeling grouped spherical data are demonstrated through experiments on both synthetic data and a real-world application about resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis.

Designing Degradable Polymers from Tricycloalkenes via Complete Cascade Metathesis Polymerization.

Cascade metathesis polymerization has been developed as a promising method to synthesize complex but well-defined polymers from monomers containing multiple reactive functional groups. However, this approach has been limited to the monomers involving simple alkene/alkyne moieties or produced mainly non-degradable polymers. In this study, we demonstrate a complete cascade ring-opening/ring-closing metathesis polymerization (RORCMP) using various tricycloalkenes and two strategies for the efficient degradation. Through rational design of tricycloalkene monomers, the structure and reactivity relationship was explored. For example, tricycloalkenes with trans configuration in the central ring enabled faster and better selective cascade RORCMP than the corresponding cis isomers. Also, a 4-substituted cyclopentene moiety in the monomers significantly enhanced the overall cascade RORCMP performance, with the maximum turnover number (TON) reaching almost 10,000 and molecular weight up to 170 kg/mol using an amide-containing monomer. Furthermore, we achieved one-shot cascade multiple olefin metathesis polymerization using tricycloalkenes and a diacrylate, to produce new highly A,B-alternating copolymers with full degradability. Lastly, we successfully designed xylose-based tricycloalkenes to give well-defined polymers that underwent ultra-fast and complete degradation under mild conditions.

Designing Degradable Polymers from Tricycloalkenes via Complete Cascade Metathesis Polymerization

AbstractCascade metathesis polymerization has been developed as a promising method to synthesize complex but well‐defined polymers from monomers containing multiple reactive functional groups. However, this approach has been limited to the monomers involving simple alkene/alkyne moieties or produced mainly non‐degradable polymers. In this study, we demonstrate a complete cascade ring‐opening/ring‐closing metathesis polymerization (RORCMP) using various tricycloalkenes and two strategies for the efficient degradation. Through rational design of tricycloalkene monomers, the structure and reactivity relationship was explored. For example, tricycloalkenes with trans configuration in the central ring enabled faster and better selective cascade RORCMP than the corresponding cis isomers. Also, a 4‐substituted cyclopentene moiety in the monomers significantly enhanced the overall cascade RORCMP performance, with the maximum turnover number (TON) reaching almost 10,000 and molecular weight up to 170 kg/mol using an amide‐containing monomer. Furthermore, we achieved one‐shot cascade multiple olefin metathesis polymerization using tricycloalkenes and a diacrylate, to produce new highly A,B‐alternating copolymers with full degradability. Lastly, we successfully designed xylose‐based tricycloalkenes to give well‐defined polymers that underwent ultra‐fast and complete degradation under mild conditions.

Multiple Fluorescences in Situ Hybridization Status in Excreted Urine Improve Diagnostic Efficacy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinomas.

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of single and multiple fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) tests for upper urinary tract cancer (UTUC), we analyzed the diagnostic efficacy of FISH in patients with UTUC and the difference between it and the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage and grade of the tumor. Patients treated for UTUC at our institution between 2011 and 2021 who had not been previously diagnosed with UTUC were included. Patients were divided into single, two, and multiple (three times or four times) FISH groups based on the number of FISH tests performed on different samples from the same patient, and the diagnostic efficiency of single, two, and multiple FISH tests for muscle-invasive tumors and highgrade tumors were assessed. We included a total of 207 patients with UTUC, and when compared to single FISH, the sensitivity of multiple and double FISH for the diagnosis of UTUC increased from 62% to 76% and 78%, respectively. It went from 67% to 78% and 80% for muscle-invasive UTUC (> = pT2) and from 71% to 79% and 81% for the highest- grade UTUC. Multiple FISH improves the diagnostic efficacy of UTUC and helps to differentiate aggressive tumors.

The Effect Of Organızatıonal Culture Levels Perceıved By Sports Facılıty Employees In Local And Prıvate Sectors On Job Satısfactıon

The purpose of this research is to determine the organizational culture perceptions and job satisfaction levels of sports facility employees in different sectors, to compare them in terms of demographic variables and to determine the relationship between them. 303 people working in private sports enterprises and sports facilities belonging to local governments on the Anatolian side of Istanbul participated in the study, which was a relational screening model. As data collection tools, the Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Spector (1985) and adapted into Turkish by Meydan and Basım (2010) and the Organizational Culture Scale developed by Ogbonna &amp; Haris (2000) and adapted into Turkish by Karadeniz (2010) were used. Frequency and percentage distributions, t-test for paired groups, OneWay-ANOVA analyzes for multiple groups and Pearson Correlation analysis were used as statistical methods in evaluating the research data. In cases where the variances were not homogeneous, the Kruskal Wallis test was calculated. As a result, it was determined that the competitive and innovative culture sub-dimensions, in which the participants had a high level of organizational culture perception, were more evident. It was determined that job satisfaction levels were at medium level. As a result of the correlation analysis, a moderate positive relationship was found between organizational culture and job satisfaction. The highest relationship between job satisfaction and organizational culture sub-dimensions is in the competitive culture sub-dimension. When the findings obtained from the research were examined in terms of demographic variables, the organizational culture of the participants who were married, were in a managerial position, had low years of service, worked in the local sector, and had 3 workplaces was found to be high. According to the scores obtained on the job satisfaction scale, it is seen that the participants who are married, in a managerial position and in their local sector are higher.

Correlation between maternal and infant vitamin B12 levels in severe malnutrition in infants under 6months.

Malnutrition poses a significant global health challenge, affecting various age groups, with infants under 6months being particularly vulnerable. Vitamin B12, an essential micronutrient critical for neurological development, has been identified as a key player in the overall health of both mothers and infants. To find the correlation between serum vitamin B12 levels in infants, 1-6months of age with severe malnutrition and maternal levels at tertiary care hospitals in western Rajasthan. The cross-sectional study was conducted in the UNICEF Regional Center of Excellence-supported Nutrition Rehabilitation Center in Rajasthan, India, through simple random sampling. One hundred ten infants with their mothers were enrolled after consent and approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Severe malnutrition predominantly affected infants aged 1-2months, with 77% born small for gestational age and 66.4% belonging to the multiple birth order group. Serum vitamin B12 levels showed a significant positive correlation between mothers and infants (p < 0.001), while exclusive breastfeeding correlated positively with age-appropriate milestones (p = 0.033). The findings emphasize the importance of targeted interventions addressing maternal and infant nutrition, with a focus on ensuring adequate vitamin B12 levels.

Public Relations Management at Family Institutions in Moral Education

Socio-cultural developments and changes indirectly affect children's development and education. This situation affects children, who are basically looking for someone who can become their philosophy of life, making it difficult for families to fulfill their obligations to educate their children. Society has a great influence on the ongoing activities related to education, and family education is the earliest educational institution in human civilization. Before knowing formal education, the position and role of the family in human life is very important, because it is the most basic. the most active and widespread in history. No age limit (covers multiple age groups), no time limit, anytime, anywhere. The purpose of this study was to describe the role of the family in education in public relations management. This study was conducted using a qualitative method, in which appropriate multi-reference studies were used, and then comparisons were made. The family, school and community environment is the center of education, but of the three, the family environment has the greatest influence on children's development. The result of this research is that this family education is basic education, because children get the first education in this family. In addition, family education has a great impact on children's lives, especially on children's psychological growth and development, as well as on social and religious values.&#x0D; Keyword : Family, Public, Education

Responsive facilitation: validating constructs to support in-service science teacher professional development

ABSTRACT In the United States, science education has experienced substantial shifts in the last decade. For in-service teachers, professional development programs (PDPs) play an important role in reform success. Despite well-known core features of effective PDPs, research still suggests a range of results among programs that claim to use those features. An analysis of the nuances associated with these core features has emerged as an important step in bridging the gap between conceptual and actual effective PD. This article presents the validation of constructs for responsive facilitation, which may serve as a source of these nuances. Using an adapted Delphi Method, constructs were validated by multiple expert groups. A 10-construct consensus is presented with an eleventh remaining under dispute. All constructs have connections to current literature and may support the gap noted above. Implications include a structure that may provide nuance to the core features and support more consistently effective PD.

Transformers enable accurate prediction of acute and chronic chemical toxicity in aquatic organisms.

Environmental hazard assessments are reliant on toxicity data that cover multiple organism groups. Generating experimental toxicity data is, however, resource-intensive and time-consuming. Computational methods are fast and cost-efficient alternatives, but the low accuracy and narrow applicability domains have made their adaptation slow. Here, we present a AI-based model for predicting chemical toxicity. The model uses transformers to capture toxicity-specific features directly from the chemical structures and deep neural networks to predict effect concentrations. The model showed high predictive performance for all tested organism groups-algae, aquatic invertebrates and fish-and has, in comparison to commonly used QSAR methods, a larger applicability domain and a considerably lower error. When the model was trained on data with multiple effect concentrations (EC50/EC10), the performance was further improved. We conclude that deep learning and transformers have the potential to markedly advance computational prediction of chemical toxicity.

Quantitative evaluation of gut microbiota composition in pancreatic cancer: A pooled study.

Prior research has demonstrated a positive association between the composition of gut microbiota and the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, a thorough quantitative and systematic evaluation of the distinct properties of gut microbiota in individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer has yet to be conducted. The objective of this study is to examine alterations in the diversity of intestinal microbiota in individuals diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Search for relevant literature published before July 2023 in 4 databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, without any language restrictions. A total of 12 studies were included, including 535 patients with pancreatic cancer and 677 healthy controls. Analysis was conducted on 6 phyla, 16 genera, and 6 species. The study found significant and distinctive changes in the α-diversity of gut microbiota, as well as in the relative abundance of multiple gut bacterial groups at the phylum, genus, and species levels in pancreatic cancer patients. Overall, there are certain characteristic changes in the gut microbiota of pancreatic cancer patients. However, further research is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanism of action and the potential for treatment.

Photoimmuno-antimicrobial therapy for Staphylococcus aureus implant infection.

Implant infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Treatment of these infections can be difficult especially when bacterial biofilms are involved. In this study we investigate the potential of infrared photoimmunotherapy to eradicate staphylococcal infection in a mouse model. A monoclonal antibody that targets Wall Teichoic Acid surface components of both S. aureus and its biofilm (4497-IgG1) was conjugated to a photosensitizer (IRDye700DX) and used as photoimmunotherapy in vitro and in vivo in mice with a subcutaneous implant pre-colonized with biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus. A dose of 400 μg and 200 μg of antibody-photosensitizer conjugate 4497-IgG-IRDye700DXwas administered intravenously to two groups of 5 mice. In addition, multiple control groups (vancomycin treated, unconjugated IRDye700DX and IRDye700DX conjugated to a non-specific antibody) were used to verify anti-microbial effects. In vitro results of 4497-IgG-IRDye700DX on pre-colonized (biofilm) implants showed significant (p<0.01) colony-forming units (CFU) reduction at a concentration of 5 μg of the antibody-photosensitizer conjugate. In vivo, treatment with 4497-IgG-IRDye700DX showed no significant CFU reduction at the implant infection. However, tissue around the implant did show a significant CFU reduction with 400 μg 4497-IgG-IRDye700DX compared to control groups (p = 0.037). This study demonstrated the antimicrobial potential of photoimmunotherapy for selectively eliminating S. aureus in vivo. However, using a solid implant instead of a catheter could result in an increased bactericidal effect of 4497-IgG-IRDye700DX and administration locally around an implant (per operative) could become valuable applications in patients that are difficult to treat with conventional methods. We conclude that photoimmunotherapy could be a potential additional therapy in the treatment of implant related infections, but requires further improvement.