Multiple Response Test Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Alternative Tools for Measuring Metacognitive Skills in Terms of the Multi Methods Design

The study aimed at reaching a valid methodology to measure metacognition through alternative tools constructed and validated in terms of multi-method design that combines between qualitative and quantitative methods in measurement. A pilot study was conducted in which the computerized problem solving test was applied on sample of undergraduate students, the qualitative and quantitative data concerning their methods and paths they used to solve the problem in addition their thinking aloud protocols were collected, These data are used in preparing the study tools that applied on a sample consisted of (110) students from the faculty of education in(2013/2014). The study revealed that there was a statistically significant correlation between students' scores in the concurrent methods (TAP) and the offline methods "MRT", "TSQ", The skills measured by the multiple response test were the most contributors to interpreting and predicting performance. The study revealed also that students' post calibration scores was a good indicator of metacognitive monitoring, and it was more accurate than pre calibration for high performing students. Traces data presented valuable information about students' skills and activity at each step of the solution.

Development of a self-test for undergraduate chemistry students: how do students solve tasks on basic content knowledge?

Abstract In this paper we describe the development of a self-test on content knowledge as one element of a digital learning environment. The self-test on prior knowledge consists of tasks in the categories Periodic Table of Elements, chemical bonding, chemical formulas, and chemical reactions (reaction equations and reaction mechanisms). For the study, tasks from all topics have been used in a paper-pencil multiple-choice and multiple response test on the task at hand and an accompanying questionnaire with closed and open items. The results of the study show that the students rated the tasks as suitable. Comments for improving the tasks regarding the wording or the design were implemented. Because of students’ lack of understanding regarding some of the technical terms, a glossary and games will be added to the digital learning environment. Many students overestimated their knowledge and their competences, therefore the self-test in the learning environment will include feedback to ensure that the students can improve their content knowledge and its application.

Gum and Resin Production and Marketing: Implications for Pastoral Livelihood in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Both locally and nationally, Ethiopia’s gum resin sector has a substantial economic impact. Even though collecting and selling gum and resin is one of the main livelihood activities in Ethiopia’s remote pastoral areas, there are few case studies that adequately reflect national realities. Therefore, the goal of this study is to pinpoint and evaluate gum and resin production and sale, as well as any implications for pastoral livelihood, in the Adadle district of the Somali Region. Both purposive and random sampling techniques were employed. The primary data gathering technique used were household surveys, key informant interviews, focus groups, market surveys, direct observation, and surveys of community-based organizations. Multiple response tests, one-way ANOVA, and descriptive statistics were used in SPSS Version 26 to statistically analyze the collected data. The study discovered many Acacia, Boswellia, and Commiphora tree species that are employed in the production of gum and resin. It was also found that natural oozing and artificial tapping were the methods used for collecting and harvesting gum and resin. The average amount of gum and resin/frankincense harvested annually by each family was 219.82 kg and 58.27 kg, respectively, with gum harvesting being substantially higher ( p 0.05 ) than resin harvesting. The recurrent drought, season, and awareness level of harvesters on taping were the factors affecting the quantity and quality of production. The average annual household income from gum and resin/frankincense was 18,684 Ethiopian Birr and 43,704 Ethiopian Birr, respectively. The mean annual income from resin was substantially larger ( p 0.05 ) than that of gum. The gum and resin market chain in the area comprises eight actors with five market channels. The research also demonstrates that the income made by selling gum and resin was used to pay for basic necessities for the family, save money for health care and medications, and pay for social concerns and educational expenses. Recurrent drought, lack of market access and market expertise, lack of institutional cooperatives, and lack of infrastructure and facilities were all determined to be obstacles to the production and sale of gum and resin. Generally, resources should be conserved and interventions should be done to ensure the sustainability of the resource base and improve production potential. Proper tapping techniques should be introduced to enhance production potential, and access to market information should be ensured to maximize primary producers’ income share insured for maximizing the income share of primary producers.

Drought characteristics and pastoralists’ response strategies in Korahey zone, Somali regional state, Eastern Ethiopia

Recurrent drought has deteriorated the ecosystem, eroded and jeopardized livelihood assets of pastoralists general in Ethiopia and specifically in the Korahey zone. Therefore, this study was undertaken to characterize the drought and to identify adaptation and coping strategies employed by the Korahey pastoral community as responses to drought. Standardized precipitation indexes (SPI) of annual rainfall were calculated for 35 years by using Precintcon Package R Studio to characterize drought in the study area. Household surveys and interviews were also done on 216 randomly selected sample households. In addition to these, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and field observations were also used and the data were analyzed by using multiple response tests on Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results revealed that near-normal SPI values were recorded in the years 1984–2014 and drought frequency has increased particularly starting from 2015. The result of SPI shows that severely dry and moderately dry SPI values occurred in 2015–2016 and 2017, respectively. Severe drought observed causes negative impacts on the livestock which is the livelihood base of most pastoralists in the zone. The result revealed that mobility, herd diversification, livestock off-take and the increasing number of drought adapting livestock were adaptation strategies whereas herd splitting, household splitting, labor migration to town and charcoal and fuel-wood selling were coping strategies to drought. Additionally, emergency aid, veterinary services, safety net and credit services were also some of the drought response mechanisms given by NGOs and the government. The result indicates that drought response strategies desired by pastoralists were being constrained by inadequate capital of households (81.2%), lack of affordable credit services (72.9%) and conflicts (70.8%). The study provides valuable information which helps strategies for local capacity building and emphasis increasing attention to pastoralists at the policy level. Generally, the findings suggest that policies and development interventions in pastoral areas are critical complements to the existing pastoral strategies for increased household resilience to drought.

The impact of improved road networks on marketing of vegetables and households' income in Dedo district, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

Rural infrastructures are important factors which are involved in agricultural development in Ethiopia. Among them, rural road facilities play a very significant role in the improvement of agricultural production and household income. This is because a good rural road network hurries efficient delivery of agricultural farm input and creates an opportunity to supply product to market. Currently, poor road conditions are hindering supply of product to market, which in turn affects households' annual income in most rural areas of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to asses the impact of improved road networks on marketing of vegetables and households' income in Dedo district in Ethiopia. For the study, two kebele were selected and data were collected from randomly selected 176 households from two kebele in the district. In addition to this, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were also conducted. Data were analyzed by multiple response tests and multiple linear regression models on statistical packages of the social sciences (SPSS). Study found that, from the total annual income of households; 58.5% of income was earned from vegetable production and it takes a lion share of households’ annual income in the study area. Regression results revealed that independent variables in the study had an insignificant influence on rural household annual income (p < 0.05). The multiple correlation coefficient measure (R = 0.845) also indicates that the relationship between rural household annual income and independent (set of explanatory) variables was strongly correlated. Findings also expose that high transportation costs incurring, spoilage of the product, deprived extension, service and market information, and reduction of household income are among the major impacts of road infrastructure in the district. Therefore, study suggested that rural households must have gained road access and federal and local road authorities should give attention to rural area road infrastructural development.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of using antibiotics as self-medication among non-medical graduates

Background: Antibiotic abuse is a major concern in the modern era of internet. The ease of availability of drugs, lack of time to visit a doctor, poverty, the lack of knowledge about antibiotics, the influence of relatives, friends and advertising media seems to be the major contributing factors for self-medication. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics as self-medication among non-medical graduates.Methodology: A validated, self-administered questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice was used to collect data from 400 non-medical graduates.Results: Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square and Multiple response test. Results revealed that 163(68%) B.E and 95(59%) B.Com graduates were aware of antibiotics. Majority of graduates (&gt;90%) in both the groups have the opinion that antibiotics are “Over the Counter” (OTC) drugs and that they have adverse effects.Conclusion: Majority of B.E and B.Com graduates were aware of antibiotics, but not of their side effects. They had the misconception that antibiotics are “OTC” drugs. The most common reason for self-medication was the previous use of same medication.

A Study of a Modified Form of the Multiple Response Test

The purpose of this investigation was to determine some of the rela tive merits of the conventional multiple-response test having five choices, as compared with a modified form of this test. This modified form con sists of the conventional form with a blank added after each exercise. The pupils are instructed to underline the correct response if it is pres ent among those given, or, if the correct response is not given, to write it in the blank provided.

On corrections for chance in multiple-response tests.

On corrections for chance in multiple-response tests.

Corrections for chance and "Guess" vs. "Do not guess" instructions in multiple response tests.

Corrections for chance and "Guess" vs. "Do not guess" instructions in multiple response tests.