Multiple Research Papers Research Articles

A Review of Ultrasonic Wave Propagation through Liquid Solutions

Abstract:: Understanding the molecular interactions in liquids or liquid mixtures of binary or ternary liquids is crucial for various applications. Numerous methods and tools exist to elucidate how atoms interact in such mixtures. This review examines multiple research papers investigating molecular interactions, focusing on the acoustic/ultrasonic technique. This technique employs ultrasonic waves to probe molecular interactions. Researchers utilized an ultrasonic interferometer to measure ultrasonic wave velocity, liquid den-sity can be determined by using a specific gravity bottle, and employed the Ostwald viscometer for viscosity measurements. Researchers derived several acoustic and thermodynamic parameters by evaluating ultrasonic wave velocity, liquid density, and viscosity. This comprehensive study dramatically contributes to understanding the molecular interactions within specific samples, with detailed explanations provided for the observed parameters. Ultra-sonic wave propagation influences the medium's physical characteristics; it includes knowledge of the physics of liquid and solution. How frequency and temperature affect thermo acoustical characteristics has been investigated. The nature of forces between molecules, including hydrogen bonds, charge transfer complexes, hydrogen bond breaking, and complexes, has been deduced from the investigations above.

Enhancing Creativity in the School Environment. A Narrative Examination

The cultivation of creativity within the educational environment is of utmost importance in the context of our contemporary, rapidly changing society. This research paper explores the importance, difficulties, and approaches to promoting creativity in educational settings. Creativity plays a crucial role in the growth and advancement of individuals, encompassing both educational and developmental domains. The absence of creativity has a pervasive influence on the entire school community, resulting in detrimental consequences, whereas its cultivation is advocated to improve the educational experience. This study aims to examine the significance of creativity within the educational setting. The present study constitutes a comprehensive examination of the existing body of literature from 1999 to 2023. Following a rigorous and comprehensive assessment of the articles, eleven (11) articles were selected for inclusion in the study. This study examines multiple research papers that investigate creativity in the educational setting. Specifically, it focuses on the perspectives of both students and teachers regarding the manifestation of creativity. Additionally, it explores the relationship between teachers' expertise and their ability to facilitate creative activities and the interplay between children's creative abilities and their academic performance. In summary, various factors influence the development of creativity and associated skills in individuals, with a notable emphasis on the school community. Nevertheless, educational institutions require assistance in transitioning from traditional approaches and effectively evaluating the concept of creativity. Even with these challenges, the imperative of prioritizing creativity in education is apparent, considering its pivotal role in fostering comprehensive student growth and equipping learners for forthcoming obstacles. The paper concludes by advocating for schools to adopt a proactive role in fostering creativity, thereby equipping students with the necessary skills to navigate the intricate challenges of the 21st century effectively.

New trends in detection of harmful insects and pests in modern agriculture using artificial neural networks. a review.

Modern and precision agriculture is constantly evolving, and the use of technology has become a critical factor in improving crop yields and protecting plants from harmful insects and pests. The use of neural networks is emerging as a new trend in modern agriculture that enables machines to learn and recognize patterns in data. In recent years, researchers and industry experts have been exploring the use of neural networks for detecting harmful insects and pests in crops, allowing farmers to act and mitigate damage. This paper provides an overview of new trends in modern agriculture for harmful insect and pest detection using neural networks. Using a systematic review, the benefits and challenges of this technology are highlighted, as well as various techniques being taken by researchers to improve its effectiveness. Specifically, the review focuses on the use of an ensemble of neural networks, pest databases, modern software, and innovative modified architectures for pest detection. The review is based on the analysis of multiple research papers published between 2015 and 2022, with the analysis of the new trends conducted between 2020 and 2022. The study concludes by emphasizing the significance of ongoing research and development of neural network-based pest detection systems to maintain sustainable and efficient agricultural production.

Recession and Technological Change: Does Technological Change contribute to Recessions

This research paper analyses the role of technological change in the occurrence of recessions or periods of strained economic growth. Economists and industry professionals have provided us with various possibilities and causes that lead to the existence of a recession. Even though most economists believe causes such as inflation and unemployment to be the main contributing factors towards the occurrence of recessions, there are some economists, from an alternate school of thought, who attribute the occurrence of recessions to gradual technological change and process innovations. Over the years, there have been multiple research papers published that have tried to establish a correlation between economic growth and technological change. This paper aims to build on this existing research and provide a better and more conclusive explanation for the influence of technological change on the global economy and periods of recession through a detailed analysis of R&D spending, innovations, and employee compositions. The paper will trace the development of the listed aspects through periods of strained economic growth such as the recessions of 2007-2009 and 1991-92 to establish an effective line of reasoning.

Cannabis as antivirals.

Cannabis is a plant notorious for its psychoactive effect, but when used correctly, it provides a plethora of medicinal benefits. With more than 400 active compounds that have therapeutic properties, cannabis has been accepted widely as a medical treatment and for recreational purposes in several countries. The compounds exhibit various clinical benefits, which include, but are not limited to, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Among the vast range of compounds, multiple research papers have shown that cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, have antiviral effects. Recently, scientists found that both compounds can reduce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection by downregulating ACE2 transcript levels and by exerting anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds also act as the SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors that block viral replication. Apart from cannabinoids, terpenes in cannabis plants have also been widely explored for their antiviral properties. With particular emphasis on four different viruses, SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and herpes simplex virus-1, this review discussed the role of cannabis compounds in combating viral infections and the potential of both cannabinoids and terpenes as novel antiviral therapeutics.

Diagnostic Tools for COVID-19

Objective: To review the current diagnostic methodology available for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Method: This review critically analyses the merits and limitations of the recent COVID-19 diagnostics being used for disease prophylaxis and its mitigation. Multiple research papers from 2019- 2022 were consulted. Many novel diagnostics have been included, such as LAMP, CRISPR, AI and other POC techniques, along with conventional RTPCR and CT -SCAN. These have been compared based on principle, protocol, sensitivity, specificity, cost-effectiveness and their pros and cons. Findings: Mass Spectrometry and Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) were seen to be the most sensitive and specific. They were also very rapid. However, Mass Spectrometry is expensive, as it requires sophisticated instrumentation. LAMP on the other hand, does not require expensive machinery, and thus is a better choice. Novelty: This review has covered most of the techniques, which were not earlier covered in reviews. We have compiled all data in one manuscript for the ease of readers. We have also talked about the diagnostic protocols made in India and compared their sensitivities and specificities. Keywords: COVID-19; Diagnostics; Coronavirus; Pandemic; Vaccine; Therapeutic

Impact of Information Sharing on Supply Chain Performance with Mediation of Trust

This paper investigates the impact of information sharing with suppliers on supply chain performance while mediating the effect of trust. In this descriptive study, quantitative research will involve a questionnaire as a research instrument with boundary-spanning managers involved in sharing information with suppliers. Multiple research papers in different industries are used to see the impact of information sharing. In this study, information sharing with suppliers is integral in improving supply chain performance, impacting the overall business performance. Trust as a mediating factor improves sharing of information, but it will not directly influence the enhancement of supply chain performance. The findings will help managers understand and evaluate the importance of information sharing with a supplier and its effect on supply chain performance and enable them to make better decisions that enhance supply chain performance. The study is conducted in a specified time frame which bound the research to a particular period. Geographical boundaries also limit the study as it determines the impact of the research on the pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan, located in Karachi. Organizations need to develop a system that promotes information sharing by investing in technologies that support exchanging information between partners. Building trust and forming collaborative ties will ensure progression in the results of the supply chain network.

The importance of natural chalcones in ischemic organ damage: Comprehensive and bioinformatic analysis review.

Over the last few decades, extensive research has been conducted, yielding a detailed account of thousands of newly discovered compounds of natural origin and their biological activities, all of which have the potential to be used for a wide range of therapeutic purposes. There are multiple research papers denoting the central objective of chalcones, which have been shown to have therapeutic potential against various forms of ischemia. The various aspects of chalcones are discussed in this review regarding molecular mechanisms involved in the promising anti-ischemic potential of these chalcones. The main mechanisms involved in these protective effects are Nrf2/Akt activation and NF-κB/TLR4 suppression. Furthermore, in-silico studies were carried out to discover the probable binding of these chalcones to Keap-1 (an inhibitor of Nrf2), Akt, NF-κB, and TLR4 protein molecules. Besides, network pharmacology analysis was conducted to predict the interacting partners of these signals. The obtained results indicated that Nrf2, Akt, NF-κB, and TLR4 are involved in the beneficial anti-ischemic actions of chalcones. Conclusively, the present findings show that chalcones as anti-ischemic agents have a valid rationale. The discussed studies will provide a comprehensive viewpoint on chalcones and can help to optimize their effects in different ischemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ischemic organ damage is an unavoidable pathological condition with a high worldwide incidence. According to the current research progress, natural chalcones have been proved to treat and/or prevent various types of ischemic organ damage by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis by different molecular mechanisms. This article displays the comprehensive research progress and the molecular basis of ischemic organ damage pathophysiology and introduces natural chalcones' mechanism in the ischemic organ condition.

A Survey for Emotion Recognition Based on Speech Signal

There are many characteristics of human beings, such as fingerprints, DNA, and retinal pigmentation that are essential. A person's voice is unique to each individual. Humans use speech to communicate their thoughts and feelings. The process of determining one's mental state involves expressing one's basic emotions in words. A person's emotions play a significant part in his or her daily existence. In order to convey one's thoughts and feelings to others, it is essential to use this method. Emotions can be discerned from speech information because humans have a built-in ability to do so. The selection of an emotion recognition body (speech database), the identification of numerous variables connected to speech, and the selection of a suitable classification model are the main hurdles for emotion recognition. To identify emotions, an emotion identification system analyzes auditory structural elements of speech. The analysis is based on multiple research papers and includes an in-depth examination of the methodology and data sets. The study discovered that emotion detection is accomplished using four distinct methodologies: physiological signal recognition, facial expression recognition, a variety of speech signals, and text semantics in both objective and subjective databases such as JAFFE, CK+, Berlin emotional database, and SAVEE. In general, these techniques enable the identification of seven basic emotions. To determine the emotion, the audio expression for eight emotions (happy, angry, sad, depressed, bored, anxious, afraid, and apprehensive), all published research maintain an average level of accuracy. The major goal of this survey is to compare and contrast numerous previous survey methodologies, which are backed up by empirical evidence. This study covered signal collection processing, feature extraction, and signal classification, as well as the pros and downsides of each approach. It also goes over a number of strategies that may need to be tweaked at each step of speech emotion recognition.

Adopting Natural Host Immune Response Against Zoonosis

Zoonosis originated from the transmission of pathogens between species. Rapid mutation causes the pathogens to develop resistance to treatments. Thus, there is an urgent need for medications that could maintain efficacy when encountering new strains. This study aims to discern the possibility of overcoming threats from EIDs by recreating immune responses of natural hosts and reinforcing them in the human system. The methodology used is literature study, as the resarcher utilized data presented by similar studies. References will be taken from clinical trials and studies on related topics from PubMed, ResearchGate, and NCBI. Within multiple research papers, it was found that several experts support the idea of mimicking hosts' immunity through the use of interferon. Treatments with IFN-2b significantly reduce viral infection of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract and increase blood levels of inflammatory markers, according to research conducted in Wuhan. Similar results apply in other trials, proving that interferon managed to contain the invasion of pathogens. This is shown through a reduction in the severity of infections, the duration of viral clearance, and levels of mortality. The results conclude that the use of interferon benefits the patient’s recovery progress by mimicking the natural host’s immune response and heightening the viral clearance rate. More research needs to be done to explore the effect of excessive IFN-$\alpha$/$\beta$ usage on immunity.

LoRaWAN security issues and mitigation options by the example of agricultural IoT scenarios

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is a major trend that is seen as a great opportunity to improve efficiency in many domains, including agriculture. This technology could transform the sector, improving the management and quality of agricultural operations, for example, crop farming. The most promising data transmission standard for this domain seems to be Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), a popular representative of low power wide area network technologies today. LoRaWAN, like any wireless protocol, has properties that can be exploited by attackers, which has been a topic of multiple research papers in recent years. By conducting a systematic literature review, we build a recent list of attacks, as well as collect mitigation options. Taking a look at a concrete use case (IoT in agriculture) allows us to evaluate the practicality of both exploiting the vulnerabilities and implementing the countermeasures. We detected 16 attacks that we grouped into six attack types. Along with the attacks, we collect countermeasures for attack mitigation. Developers can use our findings to minimize the risks when developing applications based on LoRaWAN. These mostly theoretical security recommendations should encourage future works to evaluate the mitigations in practice.

The second brain in Parkinson's disease: fact or fantasy?

The second brain in Parkinson's disease: fact or fantasy?

Futuristic Technology in Architecture & Planning - Augmented and Virtual Reality: an Overview

Speed has become a way of life. We are asymptotically piling data. Speed can be achieved with new design processes, techniques, and Technology. Innovations AR and VR are just some of the many forms of technologies that will play a key role in shaping the Architecture and Planning of tomorrow, making it future-ready and ushering in a new age of innovation. AR and VR in Architecture & Planning were introduced as assisting tools and has helped generate multiple design options, expanded possibilities of visualization, and provided us with more enhanced, detailed, and specific experience in real-time; enabling us to see the resultsof work on hand well before the commencement of the project. These tools are further developed for city development decisions, helping citizens interact with local authorities, access public services, and plan their commute. After reviewing multiple research papers, it had been observed that each one is moving forward with the changes brought by it, without entirely understanding its role. This paper provides a summary of theappliance of AR & VR in architecture and planning.

A Comparative Analysis and Prediction over Bitcoin Price Using Machine Learning Technique

Bitcoin is one of the primary computerized monetary forms to utilize peer innovation to work with moment installments. The free people and organizations who own the overseeing figuring control and take part in the bitcoin network—bitcoin miners— are accountable for preparing the exchanges on the blockchain and are persuaded by remunerations (the arrival of new bitcoin) and exchange charges paid in bitcoin. These excavators can be considered as the decentralized authority implementing the believability of the bitcoin network. New bitcoin is delivered to the excavators at a fixed yet occasionally declining rate. There is just 21 million bitcoin that can be mine altogether. As of January 30, 2021, there are around 18,614,806 bitcoin in presence and 2,385,193 bitcoin left to be mined. This paper will predict the nature of bitcoin price because, according to the reports of the past few years. The year 2020-present appeared to be a good time for bitcoin because, in this time duration, bitcoin has seen huge ups and downs. This paper will use various Machine Learning Techniques for the predictive analysis of bitcoin to accurately predict the price's nature. As the price of bitcoin depends upon various factors and these factors directly affect the price, i.e., multiple factors of bitcoin are dependent on each other. After analyzing the results from multiple research papers and review papers, we discovered each algorithm has its advantages and disadvantages while predicting the bitcoin value. Keeping in mind all the findings, we will find algorithms that predict the bitcoin price accurately and without fewer disadvantages. So, if we go as per assumptions, regression would be the best choice for predicting the bitcoin value, but there are others algorithms also. So, in this paper, we will see the results of the multiple algorithms and then choose the correct algorithm after analyzing the results of all the implemented algorithms. This paper also includes the implementation of the comparison charts with each algorithm so that it will be easy to analyze the findings of each algorithm.

Occupational safety and health hazards among cashew processing workers of Cuddalore district: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Occupational health and safety is a major concern of all time despite consequent advancement in all forms of industries. As stated in multiple research papers from various parts of the nation, more than 90% of workers involved in cashew processing were females who are socially and economically backward.This paper aims to find the existing occupational health hazards of workers in the cashew processing unit and the level of safety measures adopted. In addition, the health outcome in relation to certain improvisations made in the process was also analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full-time workers from the cashew processing unit were selected as the study population through convenience sampling technique. This study was conducted on 200 workers from May 2019 to October 2019. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on demography, working environment, and personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization; a Modified Nordic questionnaire for muskuloskeletal disorder and rapid upper limb assessment scale for ergonomic assessment. Descriptive analysis followed by Chi-square test was done to find the association between the nature of the job and hazards. RESULTS: Muscular skeletal pain in the various regions holds a major part of all health hazards faced by the workers (low back pain [n = 72, 36%] and wrist/hand pain [n = 65, 32.5%]). The proportion of low back pain is highly noticed among shelling workers (79.2%) and wrist/hand pain among peeling (41.5%), roasting (21.5%), and grading (20%), respectively (P ≤ 0.001). The change from squatting shelling to machine shelling has reduced low back pain to some extent, but the overall hazard risk remains unchanged. The majority of workers were not provided with proper PPE, hand washing facilities, and medical facilities within the unit. CONCLUSION: Prolonged work time due to piece-rate system and poor PPE utilization exacerbate hazards. In order to provide a healthy and safe workplace, it is important to identify, monitor, and reduce the risk associated with workplace hazards.

Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10\u201324\u2009years: a systematic review

BackgroundSince 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors.MethodsThe aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10–24 years) within the UK.A search strategy was generated to conduct a systematic search of published and grey literature within four databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey), identifying papers within a UK-context. s and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers to assess eligibility for inclusion, namely study focus in line with the objectives of the review. Weight of Evidence approach was utilised to assess paper quality, resulting in inclusion of 16 papers. Thematic analysis was conducted for studies to identity and categorise risk factors according to the WHO ecological model.ResultsNo association was found between gender or ethnicity and youth violence, contrasting current understanding shown within media. Multiple research papers identified adverse childhood experiences and poor mental health as positively associated with youth and gang violence. It was suggested that community and societal risk factors, such as discrimination and economic inequality, were frequently linked to youth violence.A small number of studies were included within the review as this is a growing field of research, which may have led to a constrained number of risk factors identified. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. As many studies displayed positive results, publication bias may be present.ConclusionsSeveral risk factors were identified, with evidence currently heterogeneous with minimal high-quality studies. However, findings highlight key areas for future research, including the link between poor mental health and knife-crime, and the trajectory into gangs. Risk factors should help identify high-risk individuals, targeting them within mitigation strategies to prevent involvement within crime. This should contribute to efforts aimed at reducing the rising crime rates within UK.Systematic review registration numberCRD42019138545.Registered at PROSPSERO: 16/08/2019.

Materials selection and manufacturing of metal membranes for industrial applications

In the current scenario, exploration of metal membranes has highly enhanced, and more efforts have been executed in its development and characterization. These breakthroughs have accelerated its applicability in the number of relevant sectors such as waste-water treatments, dairy processing’s, wineries, and biofuel refinement. This work inspects about recent findings and progress in the field of metal membranes, including its innovative manufacturing techniques and various applications, which have been reported in multiple research papers. The sintering technique is used generally for the preparation of metal membranes. Throughout this process, the resulting pore sizes are in the range of micrometers. Till now it is used for filtration of liquids to separate the solid particles. There is intense research work required for reducing the pore size of metal membranes using some cost-effective novel techniques, which will intensify its applicability in many green filtration technologies.

The Great Scottish Housing Disaster: The Impacts of Feudalism, Modernism, Energy Efficiency and Vapour Barriers on Indoor Air Quality, Asthma and Public Health

This paper represents 30 years of research into the arena of housing and health. It brings together the conclusions of three books and the findings of multiple research papers undertaken by the author and published by medical, engineering and social policy journals. This work aims to highlight the links and connections between the diverse arenas of urban form, building design, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, respiratory medicine and immunology, all within the socio-economic framework of a small damp country on the fringe of northern Europe.

Violencia Escolar y Rendimiento Académico (VERA): aplicación de realidad aumentada

En la actualidad, dos son los problemas que de forma más notable comprometen el clima escolar en los Centros de Educación Secundaria: la violencia entre alumnos y el bajo rendimiento académico. Ambos aspectos, son tratados en múltiples trabajos de investigación, de donde se extraen datos que apoyan la existencia de una relación, cuanto menos compleja, entre la violencia escolar y el rendimiento académico. De la necesidad de crear nuevas herramientas para evaluar la convivencia escolar y su relación con el rendimiento académico; surge el desarrollo del recurso que presentamos: VERA-Nivel I. Se trata de un videojuego de realidad aumentada, que nos permite recabar información detallada sobre las formas de interacción que tienen los alumnos y con quién, y también, acerca de las habilidades cognitivas que poseen. Además, una de las ventajas que ofrece el uso de realidad aumentada es la posibilidad de analizar las interacciones de los alumnos con sus propios compañeros, en el contexto real del aula. De forma paralela, la aplicación nos permite recompensar conductas no violentas. La aplicación VERA-Nivel I no solo se limita al ámbito educativo, sino que puede y debe ser generalizada a otros contextos en los que proceda el mismo objeto de evaluación.

A Two-Stage Method for Scientific Papers Analysis

A considerable amount of research is being conducted by many people (researchers, graduate students, professors etc) everyday. Finding information about a specific topic is one of the most time consuming activities of those people. People doing research have to search, read and analyze multiple research papers, e-books and other documents and then determine what they contain and discover knowledge from them. Many available resources are in the form of unstructured text format of long text pages which require long time to read and analyze. In this paper we propose a two-stage method for scientific paper analysis. The method uses information extraction to extract the main idea key sentences (mainly needed by the most readers) from the paper and the extracted paper’s information is then organized in a structured format and grouped in different clusters according to their topics using a multi-word based clustering method. The proposed method combines different features in paper’s topics extraction and uses multi-word matching feature in selection of initial centroids for clustering. The proposed method can help readers to access and analyze multiple research papers documents timely and efficiently. Conducted experiments show the effectiveness and usefulness of our proposed approach.