Multiple Prisms Research Articles

Sentinels of the Shore. Reconciling Art and Science

The sea and coast feature prominently in the cultural identity of the Breton and Scottish people. As the maritime environment finds itself increasingly under threat, initiatives to explore ways for coastal communities to adapt and weather the coming changes take more hybrid forms, rejecting the old compartmentalising of disciplines to favour a more constructive cross-pollination. There is evidence of this synergy of art and science in the artistic production of several artists working in Scotland and Brittany, who borrow the tools and methods of science: data and modern technology are used to draw attention to rising tides in low-lying areas of Scotland, and installations made of stranded debris, organic for some, plastic for others, document the extent of pollution and current changes in a new coastal taxonomy of the Anthropocene. In Brittany, the same painstaking, meticulous collecting process yields other weathered, sea-rolled relics of human impact on the sea, which question provenance, history and fate when displayed as ‘memorial fabrics’, or put us face to face with the denizens of the 7th Continent – inciting us to see in these human hybrids what lies ahead for humanity. Science-informed art, science in an artistic guise: today different disciplines have much to gain from feeding from one another: combining different perceptions and means of expression, apprehending the world through multiple prisms, enables us to better apprehend what is threatening it. This paper explores the context that gave rise to such ‘science-infused’ artistic initiatives in Brittany and Scotland.

Tailoring octave-spanning ultrashort laser pulses using multiple prisms.

We demonstrate a novel pulse shaper in which an incident laser beam is angularly dispersed by a first prism, and then it is split into separate beams using multiple prisms. Since this new pulse shaper offers independent control of the amplitude and phase of the separate beams, it can produce pulses having desired temporal shapes. Furthermore, it imposes a significant amount of negative group delay dispersion (GDD) over an octave spectrum near visible, which can compensate for a positive GDD accumulated in the process of spectral broadening. Consequently, single-cycle or few-cycle laser pulses can be produced without the need for chirped mirrors.

Universal Method for Determining the Principal Optical Indicatrix Axes in Triclinic Crystals

Determining the orientations of principal optical indicatrix axes is a key prerequisite for the applications of optical crystals, which is still an intriguing challenge for triclinic optical crystals due to the lowest symmetry. The prism method is one of the important ways to determine these directions, but no actual examples are available owing to the complexity and scarcity of the triclinic crystals so far. To solve this remaining problem among seven crystal systems, we proposed a universal method, the so-called “multiple prisms method,” to determine the orientations of principal optical indicatrix axes X, Y, and Z as well as the principal refractive index values nx, ny, and nz in triclinic crystals based on four prisms and demonstrated this method by employing triclinic Nd3+-doped La2CaB8O16 crystals, which is of great significance to the studies and applications of triclinic optical crystals in the future.

Prism Design for Spectral Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometers are instruments used for the rapid quantitative analysis of cell suspension. Traditional flow cytometry uses multi-channel filters to detect fluorescence, whereas full-spectrum fluorescence based on dispersion detection is a more effective and accurate method. The application of various dispersion schemes in flow cytometry spectroscopy has been studied. From the perspective of modern detectors and demand for the miniaturization of flow cytometry, prism dispersion exhibits higher and more uniform light energy utilization, meaning that it is a more suitable dispersion method for small flow cytometers, such as microfluidic flow cytometers. Prism dispersion designs include the size, number, and placement of prisms. By deducing the formula of the final position of light passing through the prism and combining it with the formula of transmittance, the design criteria of the top angle and the incident angle of the prism in pursuit of the optimum transmittance and dispersion index can be obtained. Considering the case of multiple prisms, under the premise of pursuing a smaller size, the optimal design criteria for dispersion system composed of multiple prisms can be obtained. The design of prism dispersion fluorescence detection was demonstrated with a microfluidic flow cytometer, and the effectiveness of the design results was verified by microsphere experiments and practical biological experiments. This design criterion developed in this study is generally applicable to spectral flow cytometers.

Research: Affective Reader Response: Using Ordinary Affects to Repair Literacy Normativities in ELA and English Education

Literacy normativities reinforce the colonial, racist, and anti-queer underpinnings of English education, and today these normativities are propelled by the English teacher imagination. To render these normativities visible, this study traces the affective reader responses of an inquiry community of queer educators and reveals normative reading practices that animate how English teachers imagine and feel their classroom worlds. In particular, ordinary affects—those that are subtly felt and often overlooked—spotlight interpretive norms and normative feelings that hide the field’s ongoing commitments to colonization, racism, queerphobia, and more. Contributing to Critical English Education (CEE), this article concludes by calling for multiple prisms of interpretation to dismantle literacy normativities in English education and ELA.

‘Stamos em Pleno Mar’!

O ensaio apresenta reflexões sobre sinalizadores contemporâneos, ampliados no cenário da Pandemia do Covid-19, considerando a trama de ecossistemas turístico-comunicacionais-subjetivos. Tem como base estudos realizados no Amorcomtur! Grupo de Estudos em Comunicação, Turismo, Amorosidade e Autopoiese, em perspectiva transdisciplinar e holística, de dimensão epistemológico-teórica complexa e ecossistêmica. A Pandemia do Covid-19 fez emergir a necessidade de ampliação de consciência planetária, no sentido de redirecionamento das ações individuais e coletivas. O mar de adoecimento e mortes coletivas exige novos olhares, mais amorosos e éticos, por múltiplas janelas existenciais: os olhos, as telas, os múltiplos prismas da vida, da Ciência. Buscam-se modos de ‘sobre-vivência’ na Grande Viagem.

The shift

Whereas religious practice has conventionally been associated with the stabilization of urban processes through social anchorage and the mobilization of common identity, it does also entail a sense of continuously shifting perspectives. Urbanity is seen and experienced through multiple prisms and possibilities, something that Islamic concepts related to circulation, displacement and intersection have long emphasized. Currently a politics of mobilizing religious practices is key to understanding how the social fabric of cities is remade, and this essay discusses its limits and possibilities.

Consensual sex work: An overview of sex-workers' human dignity in law, philosophy, and Abrahamic religions

This article explores the dignity of consensual sex-workers through multiple prisms, namely: comparative law, philosophy, and Abrahamic religions. A deontological multidisciplinary approach becomes indispensable for discussing a multi-faceted phenomenon such as sex-work.In discussing the legal aspect of the sex workers' dignity, this article analyzes two notable Supreme Court decisions that focus on the human dignity issues associated with sex work: Bedford decision of the Canadian Supreme Court and Jordan decision of the Supreme Court of South Africa.Further, this paper examines the sex workers' case, philosophically, in light of Malby's working model of human dignity. It adopts Malby's model to assess the dignity of sex workers through examining sex-workers' autonomy in their relationships with clients, pimps, brothels, and authorities.This research also provides an overview of the human dignity of sex-workers in Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.Finally, it compares sex work to same sex marriage and dwarf tossing as types of victimless crimes to emphasize the leading role of human dignity in carrying out ethical transformation.This article is restricted to consensual sex work and it draws many information from interviews with sex workers available on YouTube and Social Media. It aims at emphasizing the distinction between the dignity of the profession (sex work) and the dignity of the professionals (sex workers) throughout the multiple prisms. This distinction shows that consensual sex work does not necessarily deprive sex workers of their inherent human dignity and autonomy, and thus does not deprive them of their basic human rights.

A Dignified Case for Sex-Workers

This article explores the dignity of consensual sex-workers through multiple prisms, namely: comparative law, philosophy, and Abrahamic religions. A deontological multidisciplinary approach becomes indispensable for discussing a multi-faceted phenomenon such as sex-work. In discussing the legal aspect of the sex workers’ dignity, this article analyzes two notable Supreme Court decisions that focus on the human dignity issues associated with sex work: Bedford decision of the Canadian Supreme Court and Jordan decision of the Supreme Court of South Africa. Further, this paper examines the sex workers’ case, philosophically, in light of Malby’s working model of human dignity. It adopts Malby’s model to assess the dignity of sex workers through examining sex-workers’ autonomy in their relationships with clients, pimps, brothels, and authorities. This research also provides an overview of the human dignity of sex-workers in Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Finally, it compares sex work to same sex marriage and dwarf tossing as types of victimless crimes to emphasize the leading role of human dignity in carrying out ethical transformation. This article is restricted to consensual sex work and it draws many information from interviews with sex workers available on YouTube and Social Media. It aims at emphasizing the distinction between the dignity of the profession (sex work) and the dignity of the professionals (sex workers) throughout the multiple prisms. This distinction shows that consensual sex work does not necessarily deprive sex workers of their inherent human dignity and autonomy, and thus does not deprive them of their basic human rights.

Design and Implementation of Electronically Controlled On-off Prism based on WSNs

Aiming at the problem of multiple prisms recognition in a narrow field angle in the application of TPS automatic measurement, a novel prism node is designed and implemented. Based on WSNs, measuring prism and electrically controlled dimming glass are grouped together as a prism node. It can easily switch between the fuzzy or the transparent state, to help TPS search and observe the correct prism automatically. Its feasibility is verified by experiments, which greatly simplifies the complexity of engineering installation and operation.

The Tourism and Economic Growth Enigma: Examining an Ambiguous Relationship through Multiple Prisms

This article revisits the ambiguous relationship between tourism and economic growth, providing a comprehensive study of destinations across the globe which takes into account the key dynamics that influence tourism and economic performance. We focus on 113 countries over the period 1995 to 2014, clustered, for the first time, around six criteria that reflect their economic, political, and tourism dimensions. A panel vector autoregressive model is employed, which, in contrast to previous studies, allows the data to reveal any tourism-economy interdependencies across these clusters, without imposing a priori the direction of causality. Overall, the economic-driven tourism growth hypothesis seems to prevail in countries which are developing, nondemocratic, highly bureaucratic and have low tourism specialization. Conversely, bidirectional relationships are established for economies that are stronger, democratic and with higher levels of government effectiveness. Thus, depending on the economic, political, and tourism status of a destination, different policy implications apply.

Nourishing the city: The rise of the urban food question in the Global North

The urban food question is forcing itself up the political agenda in the Global North because of a new food equation that spells the end of the ‘cheap food’ era, fuelling nutritional poverty in the cities of Europe and North America. This article explores the rise of the urban food question in the Global North through the multiple prisms of theory, policy and political practice. First, it explores the theoretical ways in which the food system is being framed in urban planning, urban political ecology and community food security. Second, it charts the rise of new urban foodscapes associated with urban agriculture and public health. Finally, it identifies a new urban food politics and asks if this constitutes a new social movement.

Educational alternatives as, and shaping, consumption

Compulsory education experiences are not commonly thought to shape future consumer behaviour, except for defining social and cultural differentiation. This article will illustrate how Caribbeans in Northamptonshire, England used compulsory education, even by antithesis, to thwart institutional and social views of Caribbean inferiority through various manifestations of consumption. The article will commence with a brief overview of educational issues that affected Caribbean people in Britain generally in the 1960s onwards, especially in terms of the institutional structures they were fighting against. It will then move on to illustrate how local Caribbean people resisted cultural hegemony individually and collectively. Various forms of isolation combined with educational experiences indoctrinating inferiority on to Afro-Caribbeans occurred at multiple points and through multiple prisms which will be delineated throughout this article.

The liminal and apophatic voice of the writer in/as autobiography: a subjective academic narrative

In this paper, I engage with Roland Barthes’ The grain of the voice (1985) to move into a discussion of the apophatic or liminal unknowable voice of the scriptor. The narrative of self claims a reality rather than a fictionality. Yet in a text proclaimed as an autobiography, there are multiple authorial voices available for the reader to obtain, just as there are multiple prisms that readers bring to the text itself. Critical elements emerge in the writing and the reading of an autobiographer. This paper does not accept the contention that a ‘subject writer’ engages an ‘object reader’ in the recorded life that aims to seduce the reader. Rather, it proposes the production of a liminal voice that is apparent to the reader, but unknowable for the writer. It looks at how the subjective self reveals itself through performance rather than self-analysis that is a type of translation of self on to the page. The Greek words ‘apophasis’ and ‘liminal’ are investigated in relationship to the proclaimed autobiographic text. The apophatic is shown as a way of indicating what is both said and kept away from saying yet indicated in the text, the liminal as being on the threshold of the expressed text. Both challenge views of textuality and discourse to deal with Roland Barthes’ idea of the ‘death of the author as god’ that enlivens the role of the reader. The subjective academic narrative is the methodology I describe, apply and exemplify .

Représentations des littératies plurilingues, de l’immersion en français et des dynamiques identitaires chez des parents chinois

Abstract:Focusing on the study of representations constructed by Chinese families in a large city in Western Canada, this article examines parents’ perceptions of the literacy practices of their multilingual children enrolled in French immersion programs. The authors consider how discursive identity construction has multiple prisms that enable families to surpass minority group designations and participate as citizens in Canadian democracy without renouncing their inherited affiliations. An analysis of their discourse provides a tool for understanding how representations are constructed and transform social thinking, revealing the close relationship between the dynamics of representation and identity.

Homogeneous crystallization of the Lennard-Jones liquid. Structural analysis based on Delaunay simplices method

The crystallization process of a simple liquid upon slow cooling has been modeled by the Monte-Carlo method. The model contains 10,000 Lennard-Jones atoms in the model box with periodic boundary conditions. The model structure is investigated at different stages of crystallization using Delaunay simplices. The simplex belonging to one or another particular crystal structure was determined by the shape of the given simplex taking into account the shape of its neighboring simplices. Simplices typical of the fcc and hcp crystal structures, as well as of polytetrahedral aggregates, not typical of crystals, were studied. The analysis has shown that the “precursors” of a hcp structure are strongly dominating over the “precursors” of a fcc structure in liquid phase before the beginning of crystallization. When crystallization starts, small embryos of the fcc structure are observed; the simplices peculiar to hcp are present at that in great amount, but they are distributed over the sample more uniformly. As crystallization proceeds, the portion of the fcc phase grows faster than hcp. However, no unified crystal appears in our case of slow cooling of the model. A complex polycrystalline structure containing crystalline regions with multiple twinning, pentagonal prisms and elements of icosahedral structures arises instead.

A FORTRAN-77 computer program for three-dimensional inversion of magnetic anomalies resulting from multiple prismatic bodies

A computer program in FORTRAN 77 is presented for three-dimensional inversion of total field magnetic anomalies resulting from multiple prisms with arbitrary magnetizations and orientations. The program is based on the nonlinear optimization technique of the Marquardt algorithm. The equations for the anomalies and derivatives with respect to various parameters of the prismatic bodies are programmed to minimize computing time. The derivatives are computed by analytical methods as the computation time is smaller than that required by numerical methods. Approximate equations allow rapid calculation of the magnetic anomalies and derivatives. Efficient methods are developed for three-dimensional inversion of magnetic anomalies by an appropriate use of the exact and approximate equations. The method is applied for inversion of the total field aeromagnetic anomalies over Mahanadi Basin, Orissa, and aeromagnetic anomalies over the western part of Cuddapah Basin, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Holographic optical generation of prism anamorphs

Analyses of prism anamorphic optical systems with single and multiple prisms in plane and spherical wave illumination geometries are presented. A theoretical evaluation and experimental demonstration of a new technique for recording holographic anamorphic elements by using prism anamorphic optical systems is discussed. It is seen that this technique offers the advantage of generating elements with low f/number. Another advantage of this recording is the easy generation of elements with different anamorphic factors by using a single configuration.

Electric discharge lamps

In a tubular high pressure electric discharge lamp, for example a high pressure sodium lamp, the conformation of the interior and/or exterior longitudinal surface of the tubular discharge envelope wall is such as to produce a non-circular cross-section of the interior and/or exterior of the envelope, the configuration of the envelope being such as to give an asymmetric polar distribution of the light emitted from the lamp as a whole. The envelope may be of uniform wall thickness, both the exterior and the interior being of similar non-circular cross-section, for example elliptical, ovate or substantially rectangular. Alternatively, the wall may be of varying thickness around the circumference, such that one or more optical elements, for example lenses, prisms or multiple prisms, are incorporated in the wall structure, the internal and external cross-sections of the tube thus being of different shape, and possibly one or the other being circular. The preferred material for the fabrication of the envelope is transparent crystalline corundum.