Multiple Phones Research Articles

The Effect of Indian Contact and Glaswegian Contact on the Phonetic Backward Transfer of Glaswegian English (L2) on Hindi and Indian English (L1)

This study examined phonetic backward transfer in ‘Glaswasians’, the ethnolinguistic minority of first-generation bilingual immigrant Indians in Glasgow (Scotland), who present a situation of contact between their native languages of Hindi and Indian English (L1s) and the dominant host language and dialect, Glaswegian English (L2). This was examined in relation to the Revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) and Speech Accommodation Framework. These predict that the migrants’ L1 sound categories can either shift to become more Glaswegian-like (‘assimilation’ or ‘convergence’) or exaggeratedly Indian-like (‘dissimilation’ or ‘divergence’) or remain unchanged. The effect of Indian and Glaswegian Contact on transfer was also investigated. Two control groups (Indians and Glaswegians) and the experimental group (Glaswasians) were recorded reading English and Hindi sentences containing multiple phones which were examined for multiple phonetic features (/t/—VOT, /l/—F2-F1 difference, /b d g/—Relative Burst Intensity). In both languages, Glaswasian /t/ and /g/ became more Glaswegian-like (assimilation), whereas F2-F1 difference in /l/ became exaggeratedly Indian-like (dissimilation). Higher Indian Contact was associated with more native-like values in /t/ and /l/ in Hindi but had no influence on /g/. Higher Glaswegian Contact was related to increased assimilation of /g/ in English but had no effect on /l/ and /t/.

Lipoic acid inhibits cognitive impairment induced by multiple cell phones in young male rats: role of Sirt1 and Atg7 pathway

The utilization of digital technology has grown rapidly in the past three decades. With this rapid increase, cell phones emit electromagnetic radiation; that is why electromagnetic field (EMF) has become a substantial new pollution source in modern civilization, mainly having adverse effects on the brain. While such a topic attracted many researchers’ scopes, there are still minimal discoveries made regarding chronic exposure to EMF. The extensive use of cell phones may affect children's cognition even indirectly if parents and guardians used their phones repeatedly near them. This study aims to investigate possible lipoic acid (LA) effects on cognitive functions and hippocampal structure in young male rats exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted from multiple cell phones. Forty young male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control, multiple cell phones-exposed and lipoic acid-treated rats. By the end of the experimental period, the Morris water maze was used as a cognitive test. The rats were sacrificed for the collection of serum and hippocampal tissue. These serum samples were then utilized for assessment of Liver function tests. The level ofglutamate, acetylcholine (Ach) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was estimated, in addition to evaluating the expression of autophagy-related protein-7 (Atg7) and Sirt1 genes. The left hippocampal specimens were used for histopathological studies. Results showed that multiple cell phone-exposed rats exhibited shorter latency time to reach the platform by the fifth day of training; additionally, there was a reduction in consolidation of spatial long-term memory. Correspondingly, there was an elevation of hippocampal Ach, glutamate, and MDA levels; accompanied by up-regulation of hippocampal Sirt1 and Atg7 gene expression. Compared to the EMF-exposed group, LA administration improved both learning and memory, this was proved by the significant decline in hippocampal MDA and Ach levels, the higher hippocampal glutamate, the downregulated hippocampal Sirt1 gene expression and the upregulated Atg7 gene expression. In conclusion, EMF exposure could enhance learning ability; however, it interfered with long-term memory consolidation shown by higher hippocampal Ach levels. Lipoic acid treatment improved both learning and memory by enhancing autophagy and hippocampal glutamate level and by the reduced Ach levels and Sirt1 gene expression.

SOLAR ENERGY-POWERED MULTIPLE CELLPHONES CHARGING (BOOTH)

The work present the development and implementation of a solar powered multiple cell phones charging system (booth) for 50 cell phones that is capable of charging multiple phones including laptops 24 hours without supply from the main grid. The work is a stand-alone solar renewable energy system that can be used in urban and rural areas with the aim of solving the problem of phone as at when due, due to power failure from main grid or where there is no electricity at all. The system hardware is consists of Solar panel, charge controller, deep circle battery, inverter and multiple charging outlets. The solar panel converts the sun energy to direct current electrical energy to charge the battery through the charge controller. The charge controller controls and regulates the voltage from the solar panel to the battery and also monitors the charging process to avoid over charging of the battery. The battery stores the energy from the sun and supplies it to the input of the inverter. The inverter inverts or converts the direct current (DC) to an alternating current (AC). The 220VAC at the output of the inverter is connected to the multiple socket outlets where phones and laptop is connected for charging.

Developing Adaptive Antennas for High-Capacity Communication Systems and Tracking Multiple Cellular Phones

In the lower microwave region, researchers are looking into solutions to overcome the problem of a crowded spectrum and limited accessible bandwidth. Researchers have recently devised systems that use directional antennas to overcome the problem of restricted channel bandwidth by combining sector beams from multiple directional antenna elements. By boosting channel capacity, enhancing spectral efficiency, extending range coverage, customizing beam shapes, and allowing multiple beams to steer to detect and track numerous mobile users, this strategy increases system performance. This study assumes and discusses a strategy for creating numerous beams. The goal is to build a physical representation of the cellular phone network. It is suggested that a beam guiding algorithm be used.

Multi-target charging strategy for smartphones based on laser wireless power transmission and machine vision technology

A novel method of multi-target charging is proposed in this paper, in the context of charging multiple indoor mobile phones simultaneously. Based on the laser wireless power transmission system, combined with machine vision technology, the traditional two-stage circuit is turned into a single-stage type, which realizes longer distance and more convenient charging. This article analyzes the working mode and circuit topology of the dc-dc converter in the multi-target charging mode, and analyzes the positioning and charging strategies for multi-targets based on machine vision. Under the strategy, the output voltage of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted by modulating the pulsed light, so as to achieve the maximum power control for mobile phone charging. The simulation results are provided in this paper to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Phone-based ambient temperature sensing using opportunistic crowdsensing and machine learning

Due to the ubiquitous nature of smartphones, opportunistic phone-based crowdsensing has emerged as an important sensing modality. Since fine-grain ambient temperature measurements are a pre-requisite for energy-efficient operation of heating and cooling (HVAC) systems in buildings, in this paper, we use mobile phone sensing in conjunction with a web-based crowdsensing system to obtain detailed ambient temperature estimates inside buildings. We present a machine learning approach based on a random forest ensemble learning model that uses the phone battery temperature sensor to infer the ambient air temperature. We also present a few-shot transfer learning method to quickly learn and deploy our model onto new phones with modest training overheads. Our crowdsensing web service enables predictions made by multiple phones to be aggregated in an opportunistic fashion, extending our approach from an individual level to a community level. We evaluate our ML-based model for a range of devices, operating scenarios, and ambient temperatures, and see mean errors of less than ±0.5°F for our temperature predictions. More generally, our results show the feasibility of using an on-device ML model for ambient temperature predictions in mobile phones. This allows buildings – new and old, with and without sensing systems – to benefit from a new class of ubiquitous temperature sensors, enabling more sustainable operation.

Optimizing Communication in Schools and Other Settings During COVID-19

Optimizing Communication in Schools and Other Settings During COVID-19

Nomophobia: An emerging fear

In the current time, the use of technologies has become propensity more than necessity. Nobody has gotten away from them nor left youth or old. It's totally relying upon us How to utilize it? One such live innovation is a Smartphone. At only one touch we approach any data about the entire world. It is very easy to carry in our pocket so everyone can use it anytime whenever. Smartphone has some constructive as well as some cynical aspects too. Nomophobia is a negative face of the smartphone. Nomophobia is the irrational dread of being without cell phones or being not able to utilize phones (situational phobia) for some reason such as some signal or battery issues. Theprimary point of the current research is to find out the proportion of Nomophobia among understudies with regardof gender and age in Agra city. For this purpose, a total number of 300 students were selected by randomization (150 males and 150 females) from the age scope of 15-20 years. The data was taken by using a self-administered questionnaire NMP-Q developed by Yilidirim and Correia. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mean and Chi-square. Results revealed that there is a significant difference between male and female score on nomophobia. The other result indicates that early adolescents positively related to Nomophobia as compare to late adolescents. In India, one person can use multiple cell phones. There is no minimum age to use mobile phones. It is adding fuel to the pre-existing problem of Nomophobia. Telecom Administrative Authority of India (TRAI) should assume a functioning job by making an arrangement/law that "setting based methodology" on cell phone limitations among individuals ought to be followed. A demonstration will be detailed, under this demonstration. There ought to choose the least age for portable use. It will assist a great deal with curbing the circumstance.

Assessment of electromagnetic fields, vibration and sound exposure effects from multiple transceiver mobile phones on oxidative stress levels in serum, brain and heart tissue

The present study evaluates oxidative stress markers in serum, brain and heart of albino Wistar rats after exposure to multiple transceiver mobile phone electromagnetic radiation, vibration and sound. Forty five (45) male albino Wistar rats weighing 140–180 g were randomly selected into nine groups (n = 5) viz; A serving as the control without mobile phone; groups B1, B2…E1, E2 were continuously exposed to electromagnetic field from double (1) and triple (2) transceiver mobile phone kept in various modalities with at least 10 min call per day within 9:00–21:00 h. Groups B1 and B2 were in silence mode, C1 and C2 in vibration, D1 and D2 in ring tone (sound), while E1 and E2 were in sound and vibration mode. After six weeks of exposure, the animals were sacrificed; serum, brain and heart were taken for oxidative stress assessment. Results showed that electromagnetic field radiation, vibration and sound from double and triple transceiver mobile phone cause decrease in the levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde in the serum, heart and the brain. Catalase was observed to decrease only in the brain. Nitric oxide activities increased in the brain and heart of the treatment groups exposed to both phone types. Exposure to double or triple transceiver mobile phone radiation, vibration and sound causes oxidative stress to serum, brain and the heart.

BaroSense

Traffic congestion on urban roadways is a serious problem requiring novel ways to detect and mitigate it. Determining the routes that lead to the traffic congestion segment is also vital in devising mitigation strategies. Further, crowdsourcing this information allows for use of these strategies quickly and in places where infrastructure is not available. In this work, we present an unconventional method, using the barometer sensor of mobile phones to (a) detect road traffic congestion and (b) estimate the paths that lead to the congested road segment. We make the observation that roads are not completely flat and very often, altitude varies along the road. The barometer sensor chips are sensitive enough to measure these variations and consume very little energy of the mobile phone, compared to other sensors such as the GPS or accelerometer. We devise a feature set to map the rate of change of this altitude as the user moves into activities characterized as “still” and “motion,” which are further used by the traffic congestion detection algorithm (RoadSphygmo) to classify the group of users as being in “moving,” “congestion,” or “stuck” states. To estimate the paths that lead to the congested road segment, we compare the user’s barometer sensor readings with a pre-stored road signature of barometer values using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). We show that by using correlation of barometer sensor values, we can determine if users are in the same vehicle. We crowdsource this information from multiple mobile phones and use majority voting technique to improve the accuracy of traffic congestion detection and path estimation. We find a significant increase in the accuracies using crowdsourced information as compared to individual mobile phones. Further, we show that we can use barometer sensor for other applications such as bus occupancy, boarding/deboarding of a vehicle, and so on. The validation of the state determined by RoadSphygmo is done by comparing it with average GPS speed calculated during the same time period. The path estimation is validated over different intersections and considering various cases of commuter travel. The results obtained are promising and show that the traffic state determination and the estimation of the path taken by the commuter can achieve high accuracy.

Proactive machine learning-based solution for advanced manageability of multi-persona mobile computing

Latest mobile virtualization techniques have opened the door for multi-persona mobility to overcome security and privacy concerns of bring-your-own devices practice. Multi-persona allows a physical device to co-host multiple virtual phones with impenetrable walls among them. However, physical resources should be always enough to support virtual instances and applications needs without performance degradation or system crash. Though computation offloading can augment devices resources, yet some applications are not offloadable. Additionally, idle applications and virtual environments impose high overhead on the device. Through machine learning, this work predicts future context and resource needs of currently running virtual environments and potential future active ones. It provides advanced manageability strategies, formulated in an optimization model, which appropriately turn off applications and switch off virtual environments to release device resources when needed. A dynamic programming algorithm is advocated to find the adequate strategies. Extensive experiments conducted demonstrate the efficiency of our proposition.

The importance of a device specific calibration for smartphone colorimetry

In order for a smartphone-based colorimetry system to be generalizable, it must be possible to account for results from multiple phones. A move from device-specific space to a device independent space such as XYZ space allows results to be compared, and means that the link between XYZ values and the physical parameter of interest needs only be determined once. We compare mapping approaches based on calibration data provided in image metadata, including the widely used open-source software dcraw, to a separate calibration carried out using a colorcard. The current version of dcraw is found to behave suboptimally with smartphones and should be used with care for mapping to XYZ. Other metadata approaches perform better, however the colorcard approach provides the best results. Several phones of the same model are compared and using an xy distance metric it is found that a device-specific calibration is required to maintain the desired precision.

Accumulating phones: Aid and adaptation in phone access for the urban poor

This study draws on participant observation and interviews with low-income adults in Chicago to show how the poor stay connected to phone service and mobile Internet through the possession of multiple phones, including those subsidized by government aid. The “accumulation” of phones by individuals is widely observed, though underexplored in scholarship. Popular media coverage in the US frames the possession of multiple phones by people in poverty as criminal or excessive. In contrast, this study identifies three functions for phone accumulation as a strategy for maintaining phone access: to back up other phones, to build up capacities across phones, and to share phones with others in need. Each function responds to struggles unique for the urban poor as mobile technology advances and public phone access declines. Extra phones insure against regular disconnections due to loss and theft of devices and limits on subsidized service. Active service on one device combines with Internet functionality on another to approximate a single, high-end device and service plan. Subsidized phones help overcome the hesitation that poor people feel in lending out their devices to others in need. Accumulation thus contributes to the goal of securing reliable phone access for low-income Americans. There are limits to accumulation as a strategy for maintaining access, which result from the prevalence of inferior hardware, limited service plans, and lack of trust among strangers. Telecommunications policies should adapt to the needs of low-income phone users with accumulation in mind. The article concludes with recommendations for adapting policy to the needs of low-income phone users.

Structural Health Monitoring of Buildings Using Smartphone Sensors

This article presents the results of a shaker test of the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California, using sensors inside smartphones to demonstrate their potential usage as a way to monitor health states of buildings. This approach to structural health monitoring could allow many more commercial and residential buildings to be monitored because it removes the cost prohibitive nature of traditional seismic arrays and the complexity of deploying the instruments. Recordings from the smartphones during the shaking show high correlation with those from a reference sensor in the building, illustrating that the phones can capture the shaking even when not fully coupled to the floor. The fundamental translational frequencies for the east–west and north–south directions and the torsional frequencies of the building can be extracted from single phone recordings. As we compare the displacement derived from the phone recording by double integration to that from the reference sensor, both phase and amplitude match well. Signal‐to‐noise ratio is improved further by stacking records from multiple phones. These test results demonstrate the ability to extract the fundamental translational and torsional frequencies, and absolute displacements from upper levels of buildings shaken by small local earthquakes. This work builds on the ongoing MyShake project—a global smartphone seismic network.

Applying normally-off GaN HEMTs for coreless high-frequency wireless chargers

Wide-bandgap (WBG) devices such as Gallium-Nitride (GaN) High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) have become popular in the power electronics industry as they offer a lower switching loss, higher thermal capability and higher power density than conventional silicon devices. As an attempt of applying WBG devices to the wireless charging technology, this paper adopts two different types of normally-off GaN HEMTs. One adopts the cascode structure provided by Transphorm Inc, operated under 800kHz to charge a battery pack on an electric scooter at 48 V/500W, with the air gap between the transceiver and receiver of ~10cm. The other is enhancement-mode GaN HEMTs provided by GaN Systems Inc, operated at ~6MHz to use one transceiver to charge multiple cell phones @~20W. Both of these chargers have no magnetic cores to reduce the cost and weight. Experimental results show both types of GaN HEMTs significantly increased the charging efficiency over conventional Si devices. Challenges of applying such fast-transition devices are discussed, e.g., common-source inductance and the gate-drive-loop parasitic.

실드 박스 내 다수의 휴대 단말기 사이의 전기장 균일도 개선

실드 박스 내 다수의 휴대 단말기 사이의 전기장 균일도 개선

Abstract: Revolutionizing Remote Monitoring of Free Flaps with Laser Doppler Flowmetry and Smart Devices

PURPOSE: The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate an innovative method for remote free flap monitoring using laser Doppler flowmetry and smart devices. INTRODUCTION: Newer generation of free flap monitoring device using tissue oximetry offers web-based capability for transmission of recordings to the smart phone. However, remote monitoring capability does not currently exist for the Perimed laser Doppler (Perimed AB, Järfälla, Sweden) when used without connection to a computer. Using an existing tablet and a free app (application), the smart device can be converted into a Wi-Fi camera, which can be placed adjacent to the laser Doppler monitor to allow instant, real-time monitoring remotely. Multiple apps are currently available which can convert a smart phone or tablet (e.g. iPad) into a remote camera, which can then be linked to the provider’s smartphone over the internet. METHODS: We present our preliminary experience with this smart device app to a well-established modality, laser Doppler flowmetry,1,2 for monitoring free flaps. We employed the AtHome app from the app store which converted a used iPad into a camera and multiple smart phones into independent viewers. No patient identifier was transmitted with this remote monitoring set-up. RESULTS: We monitored 9 head and neck free flaps, each for 4–6 days remotely with near 100% reliability. We had minor mechanical issues: capturing angle of smart device getting displaced; device getting knocked off the table; and charge cord dislodging. Auto-lock needs to be turned off on the capturing smart device. On one occasion, the camera app needed restarting due to automatic software update. These glitches were each corrected by a phone call to the nurse or by the provider in person. For one flap, nursing over-sedated the patient leading to profound hypotension. The steady decline in the laser Doppler reading witnessed by the surgeon remotely allowed him the opportunity to rapidly return to the ICU to resuscitate the patient, thus avoiding anastomotic thrombosis from hypoperfusion. CONCLUSION: Remote monitoring of the laser Doppler readings by multiple providers on the team for all 9 flaps was successful for the duration of 4–6 days. The ability to remotely look at your patient’s laser Doppler numbers (or recordings from any monitoring modality) in real-time can be provided by a simple, inexpensive, and reliable adaptation of smart device and app technology. Reference Citations: 1. Bellamy JL, Mundinger GS, Flores JM, et al. Do adjunctive flap-monitoring technologies impact clinical decision making? An analysis of microsurgeon preferences and behavior by body region. Plast Reconstr Surg 135:883, 2015. 2. Yuen JC, Feng Z. Monitoring free flaps using the laser Doppler flowmeter: five-year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg 105:55, 2000.

1-3 複数台の携帯電話GPS を利用した誤差解析 : GPS 誤差の大きい屋内での測位精度向上(第1部門メディア処理1)

1-3 複数台の携帯電話GPS を利用した誤差解析 : GPS 誤差の大きい屋内での測位精度向上(第1部門メディア処理1)

Spectral characteristics of asynchronous data in operational modal analysis

Operational modal analysis (OMA) has gained popularity for identifying the modal properties of a structure for its high economy and feasibility. Conventionally, time synchronisation among data channels is required to determine mode shape. OMA can be conducted more flexibly if synchronisation is not required. The power spectral density (PSD) matrix of data and its spectral properties are often used for analysing potential modes. Conventionally known properties assume synchronous data and do not carry over to asynchronous data. This paper investigates the spectral properties of asynchronous OMA data. A stationary process with imperfect coherence is proposed that is conducive to OMA while capturing the key asynchronous characteristics. The theoretical properties of PSD matrix are derived and validated using synthetic and experimental data. Although conventional methods do not allow mode shape to be determined from asynchronous data, the present work reveals the possibility by noting that the data are measured under the same excitation and hence share a common PSD in the modal force. On this basis, a simple method is proposed for determining the mode shape. For perfectly incoherent data channels, it is not possible to determine the relative sense of their mode shape values, which is a fundamental limitation of such data. In implementation, the sense can be determined from intuition or estimated from the residual coherence between channels. Experimental application reveals practical issues in OMA with asynchronous data. This work aspires to provide the pathway for more flexible implementation of OMA, for example, using asynchronous data from multiple smart phones.

Characteristics of Dual Product Users

1. IntroductionThe diffusion of smartphones in Japan began in earnest with the launch of the iPhone. However, this diffusion led to the focus on certain types of users. These are called product users (DPUs) because they own simultaneously two different types of mobile phone. For example, DPUs use a feature phone and a smartphone or use two types of smartphones, an iPhone and an Android phone. This study conducted a questionnaire survey of consumers to analyze consumers' knowledge of mobile phones in particular. The results of the analysis revealed that consumers who own multiple products at any one time possess a high degree of knowledge.The structure of this paper is as follows. First, we introduce existing research on product knowledge (e.g., Alba & Hutchinson, 1987) and mention literature and data on Japanese mobile phone market. Second, we describe the method of analysis in this study, after which results of the analysis are presented. Finally, the results of the analysis are interpreted, and the contributions and limitations of the study are discussed.2. Literature ReviewMobile phone market in JapanFirst, we overview the mobile phone market in Japan. As feature phone specifications in Japan have improved, new e-mail and camera functions have been added consecutively (Morishima, 2006). However, iPhone and other smartphones have replaced highly functional feature phones.Accordingly, A Nikkei BP Consulting survey (2014) provided some interesting findings. This survey revealed that 7.7% of all mobile phone own more than two mobile phones. Of those with multiple mobile phones, 22.1% had multiple smartphones, and approximately 56.6% of this group had both of these.1 Studies, such as Rogers (1962), have assumed that in a durable goods market, one consumer essentially owns a branded good. Therefore, the fact that the mobile phone market in Japan has who own multiple products is interesting.To examine the characteristics of these consumers, this study first defines a DPU as a person who simultaneously owns and uses different types of mobile phones (feature phones, iPhone, and other types of smartphone). We then clarify the characteristics of these and explain the reasons for the occurrence of this phenomenon.Characteristics of dual product usersThis study conducts an analysis from several perspectives to uncover the characteristics of DPUs. Gender and age are essential characteristics. Another important factor is consumer knowledge (e.g., Alba & Hutchinson, 1987, 2000). In marketing theory, consumer knowledge is considered to significantly influence consumer buying behavior (e.g., Katsumata & Nishimoto, 2016; Nishimoto, 2015; Peter & Olson, 2010; Wada, Onzo, & Miura, 2012). Therefore, this study focuses on consumer knowledge, which is also useful from the perspective of deriving the implications of corporate marketing activities.Some previous studies have indicated that consumer knowledge impacts consumers' information processing (e.g., Nishimoto, 2015). Users who possess a high level of consumer knowledge can easily process information related to those products (e.g., Nishimoto, 2015). In other words, with a high level of consumer knowledge may be able to rapidly deal with and process information on the details of products. Therefore, they can selectively use these products simultaneously. This study uses the aforementioned factors of gender, age, and consumer knowledge in its analysis.3. Comparing DPUs' Consumer Knowledge with That of Other UsersResearch targetThis study focuses on the mobile phone market in Japan. The survey research was conducted in 2013. The number of respondents was 700. Of this, 56.1% were male and 43.9% were female, with an average age of 46.49. This study identifies the characteristics of DPUs using the results of the survey.First, we defined usage patterns for mobile phones. …