Multiple Personas Research Articles

Fragmentation of Identities: Adrienne Kennedy's Funnyhouse of a Negro

Funnyhouse of a Negro (1964) is an Obie winning play penned by a prolific writer, Adrienne Kennedy. Premiered at the 4th Street Theatre in New York City, the play has earned significant recognition for its innovative approach and poignant exploration of racial and psychological themes. The play was awarded with an Obie for Best New American Play in 1965, marking a significant milestone in Kennedy’s career and in the landscape of American Drama. Set against the backdrop of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, the play reflects the era’s racial tensions and societal pressures. The play follows Sarah, a young black woman struggling with a fractured identity. Through a series of disjointed scenes and dialogues, Sarah adopts multiple personas that represent different facets of her racial, cultural, and psychological self. This paper aims to analyze Sarah’s identity by exploring the symbolism of each persona and the impact of her parents. This paper argues that Sarah’s personas are not arbitrary but represent her profound psychological conflict and the impossibility of reconciling disparate aspects of her identity.

DataRinse: Semantic Transforms for Data Preparation Based on Code Mining

Data preparation is a crucial first step to any data analysis problem. This task is largely manual, performed by a person familiar with the data domain. DataRinse is a system designed to extract relevant transforms from large scale static analysis of repositories of code. Our motivation is that in any large enterprise, multiple personas such as data engineers and data scientists work on similar datasets. However, sharing or re-using that code is not obvious and difficult to execute. In this paper, we demonstrate DataRinse to handle data preparation, such that the system recommends code designed to help with the preparation of a column for data analysis more generally. We show that DataRinse does not simply shard expressions observed in code but also uses analysis to group expressions applied to the same field such that related transforms appear coherently to a user. It is a human-in-the-loop system where the users select relevant code snippets produced by DataRinse to apply on their dataset.

Clinical and Translational Science Personas: Expansion and use cases.

Twelve evidence-based profiles of roles across the Clinical and Translational Science (CTS) workforce and two patient profiles were developed by CTS Personas collaborators in 2019 as part of the CTSA Program National Center for Data to Health (CD2H). Based on feedback received from the community, CTS Personas team members collaborated to produce five additional Personas to broaden representation of the CTS workforce and enhance the existing portfolio. This paper presents the rationale and methodology used in the latest CTS Personas initiative. This work also includes an implementation scenario incorporating multiple Personas. Using the new National Institutes of Health's (NIH) Data Management and Sharing Policy as an example, we demonstrate how administrators, researchers, support staff, and all CTS collaborators can use the Personas to respond to this new policy while considering the needs of service providers and users, CTS employees with short- and long-term needs, and interdisciplinary perspectives.

Their OSCE, not your Oscar: Simulated Patients' Perspectives.

Simulated patients (SPs) are involved widely in the support of health care education for communication and consultation skills teaching. This study aimed to explore SPs' perspectives of their role and contribution to health professions education. A qualitative approach was used. Twenty-two SPs (actor and non-actor) involved in teaching at the Royal College of Surgeons Ireland (RCSI) participated in one of four focus groups, which were audiorecorded. Two focus groups involved professional actors (n = 7), and two focus groups involved non-actor SPs (n = 15). Transcribed data were analysed using thematic analysis. The first theme 'Reward of Contribution' highlights how the SP role is situated in a position of mutual benefit for both SP and student. The second theme 'Multiple Personas' demonstrates the complexity of SP role portrayal. The third theme 'Culture and Communication' is a new finding and demonstrates the role SPs feel they have in helping to change the culture of health care practice. The fourth theme 'A touchy subject' addresses the preferences of SPs concerning involvement in both intimate and nonintimate physical examination. SPs believe they have an important role to play in health care education and they also learn from their involvement. SPs' perspectives need to be considered to ensure they feel supported in their role and that their unique insights remain beneficial for student learning.

Splits on Instagram: a case study of young adults’ selfies

Abstract Instagram serves as a powerful instrument for youth socialization, self-expression, and self-performance in visual online spaces. Using social semiotics and multimodal discourse analysis, this study examines the potential ideological meanings and implications of selfie-shooting and sharing on Instagram on young adults’ self-concept. A corpus of 110 questionnaires, including almost 85 captioned selfies, was surveyed as multimodal utterances. In doing so, this study argues that selfies can create young adults’ split-selves while constructing their multiple personas in visual online spaces. This marks the significance of viewing selfie-creators not only as authors of their selfies, but rather as viewers of a three-fold self: an ideal-self, a projected-self, and an internal-self, to negotiate social and power relationships, while (re)positioning observer-observed roles. This study claims originality in unraveling how young adults use visual and textual mediated communication to represent and perform their split-selves. It suggests that selfie-shooting-sharing has become a key self-performance tactic and behavior in online cultures. Therefore, young adults deploy selfies and captions to posit a redefinition of certain social values, such as aesthetics and freedom, while deploying their selfies and captions. Challenging certain orthodox social allegiances, they conceive wildness, messiness, and exuberance as emerging neo-aesthetics components of appeal. This study contributes to the literature on personal visual communication with insights on how Egyptian young adults perform their self-concept via the semiotic practice of selfie-shooting-sharing.

‘I fear you will burn my present letter on recognising the handwriting’:1 The Self-Fashioning of Patrick Branwell Brontë in his Epistolary Writing

During the period 1845–48 Patrick Branwell Brontë can be seen using his skills as a writer to fashion multiple personas which enabled him to disguise the coarse nature of his reality, and deny responsibility for his numerous failures. Branwell adopted this method of self-presentation in his epistolary writing, and manipulated the form in order to present the personas which assisted in his denial. The coarseness of Branwell’s life broke forth into his correspondence and, in his state of desperation, he adopted the alter egos of Henry Hastings and Northangerland, the fictitious representations of his coarseness. The letters of Branwell are a greatly overlooked source. Yet, he clearly adopted the creative techniques he honed in his juvenilia and poetry for his epistolary writing. The consideration of Branwell’s letters is essential in assisting our understanding of him as a writer.

The Secret of Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse: Who Keeps It and How?

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes how women survivors of intrafamilial child sexual abuse perceive the family members who took part in keeping it secret and their tactics for doing so. Analysis of 20 in-depth interviews with Jewish Israeli women revealed unique ways of guarding the secret. These were attributed to the perpetrator, the mother and the family. Secret-keeping tactics included presenting a normative public identity or an unstable psychological identity, presenting multiple personas, reframing the abuse, concealing any trace of the secret after it was disclosed, as if the abuse had never happened, and making a monument of the abuser. These tactics are discussed in the context of silencing, the interpersonal relations orientation model, and the wider concepts of secrecy in society. Implications for professional practice and for society are considered, and new attitudes toward intrafamilial child sexual abuse secrecy are suggested.

SNS 상의 대인관계에서 나타나는 감정적 요소와 청소년의 온라인 다중정체성 간의 영향관계

SNS 사용이 대중화되면서 사람들은 프로필 생성과 다양한 정보 공유를 한다. 이렇게 자발적인개인정보 공개와 자기표현을 통해 익명을 전제에서 온라인 정체성이 형성이 된다. 익명성은 현실과 달리 사용자가 원하는 모습으로 정체성을 표현하기에 쉬운 환경을 가진다. 다시 말해 SNS 사용자는 현실과 다른 모습인 멀티페르소나를 보여주기 쉽다는 것을 설명한다. 본 연구에서 멀티페르소나에 대한 연구의 필요성은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적인 측면에서 멀티페르소나 성향을 보이는 사용자는 익명성을 통해 악성 댓글, 타인의 정보 도용, 온라인 왕따 등 반사회의 현상을 초래하는 경우가 많다. 둘째, 경영학적 측면에서 멀티페르소나 성향을 가진 사용자의 데이터 수집으로 인해 기업의 데이터를 정확히 예측하기 힘든 요소가 될 수 있다. 또한 멀티페르소나 성향의 사용자로부터 생성된 정보는 신뢰적인 측면에서 문제가 될 수 있다. 본 연구는 청소년의 멀티페르소나에 초점을 둔다. 청소년기에 형성된 정체성은 성인의 정체성과 큰 상관관계를 가진다는 선행연구들이 되어있다. 또한 온라인 환경을 통해 형성된 청소년의 멀티페르소나 성향은 윤리적 정체성 확립에 어려움을 가지고, 이는 사회적인 문제로 연결되는 경우가 많다. 본 연구는 청소년 664명을 대상으로 설문이 진행되었다. SNS 상의 대인관계에서 가지는 감정적 요소 4가지(타인과의 거리감, 상대적 박탈감, 타인 반응에 대한 압박감, 사회 규범의 영향)를 선별하고, 이 요소들과 멀티페르소나 성향의 동의 정도와 어떠한 상관관계를 가지는지 파악하였다. 그 결과 타인과의 거리감과 멀티페르소나가 음의 상관관계를 가지는 것을 제외하고 모두 양의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 기존의 경영학 연구에서 다루지 않았던 온라인 정체성의 문제를 화두로 올렸다는 면에서 의의를 가진다. 또한 기업적 측면에서는 SNS 사용자의 정확한 데이터를 수집하고 멀티페르소나를 통제하는 환경 조성에 도움을 준다.

A User-Centered Design Approach to Information Sharing for Older Patients and Their Families

The development of technology that drives and enables engagementwithpatients and their families is accelerating at an unprecedentedpace.Demand isdrivenbypatients seeking the best quality and experience as well as by health care organizations, payers, and policy makers in response to health care costs, especially for the older US population. Per-person personal health care spending in 2013 for individuals 65 years or olderwas 5 times higher than spending per child and 3 times higher than spending per working-age person in 2010.1 With nearly 60% of seniors reportinguseof the Internet in 2014 (up from just 35% in 2008),2 the importance of digital health care technology for the elderly population is paramount. This importance is appreciated by health care technologists fromSiliconValley entrepreneurs to giantmultinational companies.Withmore than$4.1 billion invested inhealth care technologies in2014,3 theappetite to innovateanddisrupt, and the anticipated payoff for doing so, seems virtually unbounded. In addition, government incentives, such as Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services meaningful use rules, are spurring the use of patient portals for engagement with Medicare beneficiaries through functions such as the ability to view online, download, and transmit their health information. With such fuel and burning demand, yet little systematic evidence linking patient portals with outcomes and satisfaction,4 how can we know how to best serve the digital health care technology needs of elderly patients? In this issue of JAMA Internal Medicine, Crotty and colleagues5 explore the information sharing preferences of 30 elderlypatients and23of their family caregivers. Throughprofessionally moderated focus groups, information sharing was covered broadly, although the study necessarily contemplates the implications for software design for patient portals. Through their focus groups, Crotty and colleagues identified 7 lessons: (1) elders are concerned about placing the burden of their illnesses and problems, including through the use ofhealth informationandinformationtechnology,ontheircaregiverswhile caregiversare looking to thesame informationand technology as potential mechanisms for relief of these burdens; (2) elders have privacy concerns about sensitivemedical and relatedhistorical informationas itmaybeexposed to caregivers; (3)eldersappreciateelementsof their independenceand are concerned about information andmodern devices unnecessarilycompromising that independence; (4)elderswish to retain control of decisionmaking as long as possible; (5) transfer of this control from elders to caregivers occurs gradually depending on the elder’s health and functional status; (6) elders andcaregiversagreethat informationsharinganddecisionmaking is fluid,dynamic,anddependentonthecurrentcontext;and (7) preferences related to sharing, use, and control of personal health information varied by individual, situation, and elder/ caregiver relationships. These are important findings, not adequately represented in the design of current health information technology, andarguably they represent a call to action.With somuch investment in health information technology and the widespreaduseofportalsbyhealthcareprofessionals,patients, and their families, why haven’t we advanced further? The answer is at least partially evident in the findings from Crotty and colleagues’ focus groups. Specifically, we have acknowledged but failed to act on the fluidity and variability in preferences across individuals, situations, timing, relationships, and health context. What is needed to build on Crotty and colleagues’ research, in the approach to patient portals and in health information technology more broadly, is a response to this variability inpreferences throughestablished techniques, such as Lean UX6 (user experience) and user-centered design. Now foundational to modern consumer software and product design, several pillars of Lean UX are described by Gothelf6 as: • Design thinking—“innovation powered by...direct observationofwhatpeoplewantandneed in their livesandwhat they like or dislike about the way particular products are made, packaged, marketed, sold, and supported” (quoted from Brown7). • Agile softwaredevelopment—workingsoftware in favorofcomprehensivedocumentation; responding to change in favor of following a plan.6 • Lean startup method—the creation of rapid prototypes designed to test assumptions, and the use of customer feedback to evolve these prototypes quickly.6 Crotty andcolleagues’workhas aptlypointedout that one size does not fit all with regard to health information sharing andportal design for elders and caregivers. To address this issue,wemustobserve these individuals in theappropriate context, as they interact with health care professionals and each other, andespecially as they interactwith the informationand systems that we seek to develop to meet their needs. These systems should not be fully developed solutions. Indeed, the value is in the rapid exploration of user interactionwith early prototypes and in an agile response to the findings. A crucial step in the user-centered design process is the definition and refinement of multiple archetypes or personas, each of which represents a “fictional and super-typical characterization of a user created to represent a user group.”8(e255) Personas allow the design process to acknowledge the varied characteristics, preferences, contexts, and needs of individual users through their aggregation into clusters with common contextual elements. An output of several Related article page 1492 Research Original Investigation Information Sharing Preferences of Older Patients and Their Families

The carer persona: Masking individual identities

According to Jungian theory, ‘persona’ is a concept reflecting a compromise between the individual and society. In mediating between a person’s subjective inner world and the external social world, the persona represents a generalised idea of the self which builds up from experiences of interacting with society. Such reflections of self-identity can therefore develop across multiple domains of a person’s life, culminating in understandings of self in a variety of specific roles. The existence of multiple personas can be clearly demonstrated in the context of people providing unpaid care for a family member or friend who has a disability, mental illness, chronic condition, or who is frail. Carers are likely to possess multiple roles as an individual, existing across various social and personal domains. This paper argues that in caring for loved one, a compromise takes place between individual selves and the social caring role. That is, the ‘carer persona’ can mask a carer’s individual identities and their associated needs. The potential complexity of caring roles is therefore explored, with an emphasis on acknowledging the personal needs and identities of carers beyond their caring roles. This acknowledgment has implications for service delivery and policy development regarding carers and those for whom they care.

That undisclosed world: Eric Shipton's Mountains of Tartary (1950)

Mountains of Tartary (1950) recounts Eric Shipton's mountaineering and travels in Xinjiang during his two postings as British Consul-General in Kashgar in the 1940s. An accomplished Himalayan mountaineer of the 1930s, Shipton was a successful author of mountaineering travel books. During the 1930s his work with the Survey of India saw him increasingly drawn into the workings of the imperial security state in the geopolitically sensitive border regions of the Karakoram. Shipton's proven ability to travel in arduous mountain terrain and gather geographical intelligence led to his posting to Kashgar. Details of his diplomatic work are almost entirely absent from Mountains of Tartary and only became known in outline in 1969, with the publication of his autobiography. With unparalleled knowledge of the geo-political situation in Xinjiang in the 1940s, Shipton was prevented from publishing anything that revealed the details of his role in Great Game politics in 1950, not least by the fact that he still held a consular position in Kunming, Yunnan. Thus at the heart of Mountains of Tartary is an occlusion. This paper will examine the rhetorical strategies Shipton employed in writing a book in which so much had to remain undisclosed. He was aware that the roles he played, as mountaineer, explorer and traveller, had multiple meanings on the borders of British India, that to situate his narrative within an Orientalist and Great Game tradition risked unwanted disclosure. The essential unreliability of the narrative emerges as a consequence of writing under such constraints. Intentionally aporetic, the text is riven by chronological and biographical voids, unintentionally revealing the strain of inhabiting multiple personas and keeping track of the competing demands of different audiences. Shipton's failure of self-censorship erupts in transgressive revelations, concealed messages to certain sections of his readership able to read between the lines, revealing Mountains of Tartary to be a steganographic text, one that needs not just decoding but looking beyond, to what is undisclosed and unsaid.

‘The Pathos of Conservation’: Raphael Samuel and the politics of heritage

When Raphael Samuel’s Theatres of Memory: Past and Present in Contemporary Culture was published in 1994, it was critically received. Yet, the book has not had the impact of other key works such as Lowenthal’s The Past is a Foreign Country (1985) or Hewison’s The Heritage Industry (1987). A number of factors have contributed to this, such as Theatres essentially being an unfinished project, and ‘heritage’ in the book having multiple personas – the net result being that Samuel’s arguments can at times be hard to pin down. Yet with interest in his approach to heritage now growing, this article seeks to unravel Samuel’s core ideas and arguments pertaining to heritage, and to give an historical background to their evolution. With the central tenets of Samuel’s argument essentially being a case for the democratisation of heritage; the validity of what we might today call ‘unofficial’ narratives and discourses; and to challenge the dominant view that heritage was ultimately history’s poor cousin, I argue that Samuel’s ideas have much to offer contemporary research agendas in heritage.

What’s in a Nym? Gender, Race, Pseudonymity, and the Imagining of the Online Persona

What’s in a Nym? Gender, Race, Pseudonymity, and the Imagining of the Online Persona

'Agony aunt, hostage, intruder or friend?'. The multiple personas of the interviewer during fieldwork

Purpose: This paper examines how the role of the interviewer is manipulated by the interviewees in return for them offering their experiences, opinions and information during qualitative research interviews.

Modeling Virtual Footprints

Entities interacting on the web establish their identity by creating virtual personas. These entities, or agents, can be human users or software-based. This research models identity using the Entity-Persona Model, a semantically annotated social network inferred from the persistent traces of interaction between personas on the web. A Persona Mapping Algorithm is proposed which compares the local views of personas in their social network referred to as their Virtual Signatures, for structural and semantic similarity. The semantics of the Entity-Persona Model are modeled by a vector space model of the text associated with the personas in the network, which allows comparison of their Virtual Signatures. This enables all the publicly accessible personas of an entity to be identified on the scale of the web. This research enables an agent to identify a single entity using multiple personas on different networks, provided that multiple personas exhibit characteristic behavior. The agent is able to increase the trustworthiness of on-line interactions by establishing the identity of entities operating under multiple personas. Consequently, reputation measures based on on-line interactions with multiple personas can be aggregated and resolved to the true singular identity.

James Baldwin's Turkish Decade: Erotics of Exile (review)

Reviewed by: James Baldwin's Turkish Decade: Erotics of Exile Carol E. Henderson Magdalena J. Zaborowska . James Baldwin's Turkish Decade: Erotics of Exile. Durham: Duke UP, 2008. 379 pp. $24.95. Very rarely does a scholar get the luxury to savor the research s/he is doing. The pressures of the tenure clock, the lack of creative time and/or monetary resources, and the demands of teaching can create an intellectual atmosphere that induces a premature birth for some scholarly projects that can be damaging to the admirable efforts of its academic scholar. This is not the case with Magadalena Zaborowska's James Baldwin's Turkish Decade. As she states in the preface, this project was grown from years of research, writing, and thinking—thinking that has produced a wonderful monument to the complexities of the scholarly process. James Baldwin's Turkish Decade is at once "unapologetically autobiographical" as it is self-reflexive of the genius of the man to which it is dedicated. Zaborowska masterfully brings together scholarship and literary critical readings, and interweaves these perspectives with her primary research in Turkey. As she poignantly states in the conclusion to her volume, before her trips to Turkey, she had seen Baldwin's house in France and had "touched the weathered surface of the welcome table" where Baldwin spoke with such individuals as Josephine Baker and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. She was able as well to visit the room where Baldwin died where she "lingered too long." These spiritual experiences coalesce into the rich and unique critical perspectives Zaborowska offers in her book. An immigrant scholar herself, and in her words, "an outsider-participant in American culture and academy," Zaborowska captures well the perplexities of Baldwin's exile in Turkey from 1961 to 1971. Baldwin wrote some of his most influential work while traveling in the various locales of Turkey, France, and western Europe. It is his sojourns in Turkey, however, that have been grossly undervalued by Baldwin scholars as pertinent to our understanding of Baldwin's Another Country, The Fire Next Time, Blues for Mister Charlie, Going to Meet the Man, Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone, One Day When I Was Lost, and No Name in the Street. Zaborowska fills this gap well as she gathers an impressive array of never-published photographs, archival materials, and original interviews from the Turkish artists and intellectuals who influenced Baldwin's creative spirit during this pivotal decade. This rich intellectual tapestry of transnational cross-fertilization builds a dynamic link between Turkey and the United States that destabilizes the privileging of race or sex that have trapped Baldwin's identity as a black and queer man. According to Zaborowska, our readings of his work are haunted: we inherit the black writer from Harlem or the gay writer from Paris. By refocusing the critical lens of Baldwin scholarship to include an assessment of his multiple personas, Zaborowska cultivates an alternative location from which to view Baldwin's personal anguish and prophetic intellectual integrity as these provide better distance from which to see his American roots. Baldwin's often contentious relationship with America and its inability to reconcile [End Page 776] its tortured history with its dark and queer brethren placed his more provocative works on the periphery of America's academic circles. As Baldwin writes in his fourth volume of essays, No Name in the Street, and as Zaborowska reiterates with keen sensitivity, Baldwin realized that to some in America he was viewed as a lonely, sexually dubious, political revolutionary whose outrageous antics made him an "unspeakably erratic freak." Baldwin's words, harsh in their assessment of his perceived artistic "freakishness" in the U. S., are cast in another light in Zaborowska's work as we are provided with a number of intertextual layers that probe the political, social, and cultural landscapes of each country in productive and inventive ways. In the introduction, Zaborowska charts Baldwin's journey from Harlem to Istanbul through a series of dynamic reflections that provide an overview of his polarizing effect on certain members of the black and literary community, such as Eldridge Cleaver, Norman Mailer, and Fern Marja Eckman, and of his love...

Multiple Personalities Incorporated: Accepting the Multi-Dimensional Personhood of the Modern Corporation

One of the most intriguing debates in corporate law is over the personhood of corporations. For years, corporate theorists have tried to construct a complete and coherent theory of the corporate person. Some have argued that the corporation is merely a fictional, artificial person that exists only as a concession of state law. Others have asserted that the corporation is a real, independent person that has an ontological existence and identity of its own. The popular theoretical paradigm today is that the corporation is neither an artificial nor a real person; it is merely a nexus of contracts among the entity's various individual participants. Proponents of this contractual model, which is rooted in neoclassical economic theory, believe they have won the competition for the single best definition of the corporate person. This article argues that the current preoccupation with the contractual elements of the corporation obscures the complex reality of the multiple personas and functions of the modern corporation. In this article, Professor Ripken takes a unique inter-disciplinary approach to the conundrum of corporate personhood. Professor Ripken draws upon theories from several different schools of academic thought to shed light on the questions: what is the corporation, and how should it be regulated by the law? The article demonstrates that the corporation can be viewed independently through the lenses of philosophy, moral theory, political science, sociology, psychology, organizational theory, theology, and economics, all of which highlight separate but essential features of the corporate person. Professor Ripken argues that the law should incorporate a multi-dimensional view of corporations, even if conflicting descriptions and norms may produce seemingly inconsistent legal rules. Consistency, clarity, and coherency in the law are overrated. Ambiguity is valuable when it more closely reflects reality and produces balanced legal results that mediate between legitimate alternatives. By demonstrating the many different ways the corporate person can be perceived, this article rejects the idea that there is a single best theory of the corporation and instead recommends the adoption of a multi-dimensional model of the corporate person.