Multiple Mapping Methods Research Articles

Segmentation of multi-view video speed extraction method that can cross lane dividing lines

Aiming at the problem that the existing video traffic parameter extraction methods are overly dependent on manual annotation and a single perspective cannot effectively correct the dynamic driving deviation of vehicles on site, a multi-perspective video traffic parameter extraction method that can segment and cross lane dividing lines is proposed. The method consists of an automatic annotation point generation module and a multi-perspective correction module. The automatic annotation point generation module realizes the process of automatically generating annotation points by constructing a reference block based on equal-length lane dividing lines. The multi-perspective correction module proposes multiple mapping methods between vehicles and lane dividing lines and a correction speed measurement method based on the average speed probability density function to correct the two types of deviations generated by vehicles during dynamic driving. Experimental results on public data sets and measured data sets show that the vehicle speed extraction accuracy of the proposed method is better than other speed measurement methods, and it has a certain degree of universality.

Unequal-step multiscale integrated mapping dispersion Lempel-Ziv complexity: A novel complexity metric for signal analysis

Dispersion Lempel-Ziv complexity (DLZC), as a more effective complexity metric proposed in recent years, can effectively quantify the dynamic change of signal. However, DLZC still has shortcomings of insufficient applicability and lack of scale information. To surmount these drawbacks, we fully utilize the advantages of multiple mapping methods and integrate these mapping methods into DLZC, thus the integrated mapping DLZC (IMDLZC) is proposed, which has higher separability and applicability. Moreover, we developed a coarse-grained method called unequal step multi scale analysis, which solves the problem that the defects of subsequences decrease sharply with the increase of scale in existing coarse-grained methods. Then a new complexity metric for signal analysis called unequal-step multiscale IMDLZC (UM-IMDLZC) is proposed by coupling unequal-step multiscale analysis and IMDLZC. The experimental results of three kinds of synthetic signals show that UM-IMDLZC is more sensitive to the dynamic changes of signals and has the more excellent robustness; moreover, compared with other four complexity metrics, the proposed UM-IMDLZC has the best classification effect for different types of realistic signals.

The genetic architecture of prolificacy in maize revealed by association mapping and bulk segregant analysis.

Here, we revealed maize prolificacy highly correlated with domestication and identified a causal gene ZmEN1 located in one novel QTL qGEN261 that regulating maize prolificacy by using multiple-mapping methods. The development of maize prolificacy (EN) is crucial for enhancing yield and breeding specialty varieties. To achieve this goal, we employed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to analyze the genetic architecture of EN in maize. Using 492 inbred lines with a wide range of EN variability, our results demonstrated significant differences in genetic, environmental, and interaction effects. The broad-sense heritability (H2) of EN was 0.60. Through GWAS, we identified 527 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), involved 290 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and 806 genes. Of these SNPs, 18 and 509 were classified as major effect loci and minor loci, respectively. In addition, we performed a bulk segregant analysis (BSA) in an F2 population constructed by a few-ears line Zheng58 and a multi-ears line 647. Our BSA results identified one significant QTL, qBEN1. Importantly, combining the GWAS and BSA, four co-located QTL, involving six genes, were identified. Three of them were expressed in vegetative meristem, shoot tip, internode and tip of ear primordium, with ZmEN1, encodes an unknown auxin-like protein, having the highest expression level in these tissues. It suggested that ZmEN1 plays a crucial role in promoting axillary bud and tillering to encourage the formation of prolificacy. Haplotype analysis of ZmEN1 revealed significant differences between different haplotypes, with inbred lines carrying hap6 having more EN. Overall, this is the first report about using GWAS and BSA to dissect the genetic architecture of EN in maize, which can be valuable for breeding specialty maize varieties and improving maize yield.

Two-Dimensional Mapping of Ionospheric Total Electron Content over the Philippines Using Kriging Interpolation

Monitoring of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) was made possible with the help of satellite data, albeit in one dimension. However, ionospheric TEC maps can be produced from a collection of one-dimensional satellite data over a geographic area. Multiple mapping methods have been recognized; however, this study tried to test one of those methods: kriging interpolation. An algorithm was developed and used to reconstruct GIMs. The optimum number of stations and the semivariogram model were evaluated using GIM maps modeling 12 days of March 2015, accounting for different ionospheric conditions. This includes days of high scintillation and an ionospheric storm due to the St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic storm of 2015. It was found that 12 stations and the linear semivariogram model had the least mean error in 5 days and had the least standard deviation in 7 days, making it the optimum parameter set. This optimum set was then used to map and analyze the ionosphere using actual satellite data from the Philippine Active Geodetic Network (PAGeNet). From this, it was observed that there is a north–south gradient in VTEC in the region during the day. The VTEC in the north reaches more than 100 TECU, and, in the south, generally around 60–90 TECU depending on the ionospheric condition. VTEC was at a minimum during the night when the VTEC level decreases to around 10 TECU.

Comparison of terminology mapping methods for nursing wound care knowledge representation

BackgroundStandardized clinical terminologies are increasingly used to design and support advanced information systems. In order to examine the representativeness of these terminologies for different professional groups or clinical areas, researchers may perform different methods of terminology mapping. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of four mapping methods to identify concepts related to wound care in SNOMED CT. MethodsA class diagram of 107 concepts was developed to represent the nursing context of wound assessment, wound diagnosis, and goal of care for wound management. All concepts were mapped to SNOMED CT and identified as a direct match, a one-to-many match, or no match using four mapping methods (manual, automated, comparison, and concordance). The manual, automated and comparison methods produced candidate lists of SNOMED CT concepts, which were then used by two nursing wound care experts. The experts completed concordance mapping, which produced the final list. The SNOMED CT concepts from the manual, automated and comparison mappings were compared to the concordance mapping to generate a proportion of representation by each mapping method. ResultsThe manual, automated and comparison mappings produced partial lists of unique candidate concept matches not found in the other mapping methods. The concordance mapping produced a final list which included: 43 terms (40%) that had direct matches, 2 terms (2%) that had one-to-many matches, and 62 terms (58%) that had no matches to SNOMED CT. All mapping methods were necessary to achieve the representativeness captured in the final list. ConclusionTo increase the representativeness of candidate mapping lists, multiple mapping methods and considerations may be necessary.

Comparison GIS-Based interpolation methods for mapping groundwater quality in the state of Qatar

Groundwater (GW) quality deterioration is one of the main water security issues in Qatar. GW in Qatar is over-exploited for agriculture activities that caused saltwater intrusion in the coastal areas and some inland GW. The selection of an appropriate interpolation method is crucial for producing a reliable map of spatial variability in environmental research and the decision-making process. In this study, 41 GW samples were used to produce interpolated maps and reveal the spatial variability of GW parameters namely: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), major cations, and anions, and some trace elements, using spatial interpolated methods in geostatistical tool (ArcGIS Software). Multiple mapping methods were used to compare the current results with the national and international guidelines to give a relevant decision. Three different interpolated methods, namely inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW), radial basis functions (RBFs), and simple Kriging (SK) were used to produce interpolated maps. Cross-validation was applied to assess the best-fit interpolation method. The result shows that the SK model was the optimum interpolated method for the most of the variable data. While the RBFs model was the best interpolation method for selenium and boron data. The IDW model was the best-interpolated method for sodium, TDS, SAR, and potassium data. The IDW and RBFs methods produced interpolation maps that help visualizing the location of GW within and above the guidelines. The analysis of spatial variability in the study area revealed high levels of TDS, EC, SAR, and some cations and anions in the coastal and south Qatar. While the spatial variability for nitrate and boron suggested the influence of human activities. A thorough understanding of the status of GW quality in Qatar is a significant tool for the GW management and decision-makers.

生态系统服务制图研究进展

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 生态系统服务制图研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201303110391 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目（41230745） The progress in ecosystem services mapping：a review Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态系统服务是生态学研究的前沿方向之一，生态系统服务制图是将生态系统服务的评估结果纳入到生态环境保护规划与管理决策制定与实施过程中的重要组成部分。生态系统服务制图是根据决策需求，选择合适的制图评价方法，对特定时空尺度上生态系统服务的空间分布以及在各种自然-社会因素共同影响下生态系统服务的情景变化进行量化描述的过程。它最终为决策参与者提供研究区域生态系统服务时空变化特征具体的、可视的量化描述，辅助决策者权衡利弊，最终制定出符合区域生态环境与人类社会共同可持续发展的最优决策。综述了生态系统服务制图的内涵及其在辅助决策过程中的重要作用；介绍了生态系统服务的重点研究内容（生态系统服务的提供、需求及权衡协同关系制图）及研究方法；并对目前研究中所存在的问题进行了深入的探讨，归纳了生态系统服务的制图评价流程及未来重点的研究方向。 Abstract:Ecosystem services mapping has been becoming one of the forefronts in the field of ecosystem services researches. Ecosystems deliver bunches of vital services for human society, such as food, water provision and water purification, carbon sequestration, soil protection, and entertainment. The sustainable capability of ecosystems to provide these services is influenced by changes of biophysical condition (e.g. The changes in land use and land cover, biodiversity, atmospheric composition and climate) and human society (e.g. The changes of socio-economic characteristics, demand and consumptive patterns of human beings), which alter the correlation of demand and supply in ecosystem services through impacting the composition, structure, and processes of ecosystems.Ecosystem services mapping is a process that assesses the component, spatial distribution and mutual relationships of ecosystem services in specific spatial-temporal scales by using multiple mapping methods and multi-sources data. These series of spatially explicit maps not only reveal the quantitative characteristics of the current regional ecosystem service, but also exposit the potential changes caused by different environmental scenarios. These visualized mapping result can facilitate decision makers to integrate ecosystem services into environmental protection planning and implementing, and assist them to weigh the pros and cons of the possible environmental variable scenarios and the consequences of likely decisions, in addition, to make an informed decision which benefits the sustainable developmental of natural-human systems.In the past few years, the widespread use of GIS and availability of the high spatial and temporal resolution RS data sets have prominently promoted the capability of ecosystem services mapping. After reviewing the researches published recently, we identified and summarized that ecosystem services mapping is primarily focusing on: (1) the mapping of ecosystem services supply which refers to the capacity of an given area to provide a specific bundle of ecosystem services within a particular time scale; (2) the mapping of ecosystem services demand which is the sum of all ecosystem services consumed by people in a particular area and specific time period; (3) and the mapping of the ecosystem services trade-offs and synergies, the former refers to the increment of one ecosystem service which is at the cost of the other ecosystem service, the latter means the synchronous variations among many different ecosystem services. Although there are lots of practical cases, ecosystem services mapping is still at its early stage. The core of ecosystem services mapping is a process about how to meet the needs of policy makers by using appropriate mapping methods, however, cautions must be mentioned in the broad use of mapping methods or models because they are scale-dependent and context-specific, and the mapping results need to be validated and verified against the observational data. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Prognosis of early breast cancer patients treated with sentinel node biopsy: A prospective study from the Japanese society for sentinel node navigation surgery.

1106 Background: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is a new standard of care for clinically node-negative breast cancer patients. Our society conducted a prospective study on SNB for early breast cancer patients from Jul 2004 to Oct 2005 (UMIN000006126). A preliminary result regarding with success rates of multiple mapping methods and the adverse events was presented at the 2007 ASCO. We observed patient’s outcome for 5 years. Methods: Of the 1,411 cases registered, the objects were 1,107 cases excluding cases with bilateral breast cancer, non-invasive breast cancer, past history of other malignancy or failure of SNB and cases treated with primary chemotherapy or endocrine therapy. Adjuvant therapy and breast irradiation were decided by physician’s discretion and patient’s preference. To evaluate the risk of isolated tumor cells or micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN), clinicopathological factors were analyzed using the Cox regression model. Results: After a median follow-up of 62 months, there were 85 recurrences and 14 deaths. 5-year Kaplan-Meire estimates for disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 92.6% and 97.5% in 848 cases with pN0(sn), 96.2% and 100% in 26 with pN0(i+)(sn), 89.3% and 95.3% in 68 with pN1mi(sn) and 82.8% and 92.0% in 165 with pN1(sn) or greater nodal metastases. No axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed in 809 cases (95.4%), 18 (69.2%), 38 (55.9%), and 24 (14.5%), respectively. Regional node recurrence was found in 8 cases (0.9%), 0 (0%), 2 (2.9%) and 2 (1.2%), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that pN1(sn) or greater nodal metastases, pT2-4, nuclear grade 3, lymphovascular invasion, negative hormone receptor status, SNB followed by ALND, chemotherapy therapy were significant risk factors for OS. However, from multivariate analysis, nuclear grade 3, lymphovascular invasion and SNB followed by ALND were independent unfavorable prognostic factors (hazard ratio: 3.21, 2.61 and 3.93). Conclusions: Although a non-randomized prospective study, isolated tumor cells and micrometastases in SLN did not affect patient’s survival. ALND should be omitted for early breast patients with those metastases.

Comparative protein structure modeling by combining multiple templates and optimizing sequence-to-structure alignments

Two major bottlenecks in advancing comparative protein structure modeling are the efficient combination of multiple template structures and the generation of a correct input target-template alignment. A novel method, Multiple Mapping Method with Multiple Templates (M4T) is introduced that implements an algorithm to automatically select and combine Multiple Template structures (MT) and an alignment optimization protocol (Multiple Mapping Method, MMM). The MT module of M4T selects and combines multiple template structures through an iterative clustering approach that takes into account the 'unique' contribution of each template, their sequence similarity among themselves and to the target sequence, and their experimental resolution. MMM is a sequence-to-structure alignment method that optimally combines alternatively aligned regions according to their fit in the structural environment of the template structure. The resulting M4T alignment is used as input to a comparative modeling module. The performance of M4T has been benchmarked on CASP6 comparative modeling target sequences and on a larger independent test set, and showed favorable performance to current state of the art methods.

M4T: a comparative protein structure modeling server

Multiple Mapping Method with Multiple Templates (M4T) (http://www.fiserlab.org/servers/m4t) is a fully automated comparative protein structure modeling server. The novelty of M4T resides in two of its major modules, Multiple Templates (MT) and Multiple Mapping Method (MMM). The MT module of M4T selects and optimally combines the sequences of multiple template structures through an iterative clustering approach that takes into account the ‘unique’ contribution of each template, its sequence similarity to other template sequences and to the target sequences, and the quality of its experimental resolution. MMM module is a sequence-to-structure alignment method that is aimed at improving the alignment accuracy, especially at lower sequence identity levels. The current implementation of MMM takes inputs from three profile-to-profile-based alignment methods and iteratively compares and ranks alternatively aligned regions according to their fit in the structural environment of the template structure. The performance of M4T was benchmarked on CASP6 comparative modeling target sequences and on a larger independent test set and showed a favorable performance to current state-of-the-art methods.

MMM: a sequence-to-structure alignment protocol

Accurate alignment of a target sequence to a template structure continues to be a bottleneck in producing good quality comparative protein structure models. Multiple Mapping Method (MMM) is a comparative protein structure modeling server with an emphasis on a novel alignment optimization protocol. MMM takes inputs from five profile-to-profile based alignment methods. The alternatively aligned regions from the input alignment set are combined according to their fit in the structural environment of the template structure. The resulting, optimally spliced MMM alignment is used as input to an automated comparative modeling module to produce a full atom model. The MMM server is freely accessible at http://www.fiserlab.org/servers/mmm

Multiple mapping method: A novel approach to the sequence‐to‐structure alignment problem in comparative protein structure modeling

A major bottleneck in comparative protein structure modeling is the quality of input alignment between the target sequence and the template structure. A number of alignment methods are available, but none of these techniques produce consistently good solutions for all cases. Alignments produced by alternative methods may be superior in certain segments but inferior in others when compared to each other; therefore, an accurate solution often requires an optimal combination of them. To address this problem, we have developed a new approach, Multiple Mapping Method (MMM). The algorithm first identifies the alternatively aligned regions from a set of input alignments. These alternatively aligned segments are scored using a composite scoring function, which determines their fitness within the structural environment of the template. The best scoring regions from a set of alternative segments are combined with the core part of the alignments to produce the final MMM alignment. The algorithm was tested on a dataset of 1400 protein pairs using 11 combinations of two to four alignment methods. In all cases MMM showed statistically significant improvement by reducing alignment errors in the range of 3 to 17%. MMM also compared favorably over two alignment meta-servers. The algorithm is computationally efficient; therefore, it is a suitable tool for genome scale modeling studies.