Multiple Interchange Research Articles

Proposal for a ‘translanguaging space’ in interpreting studies

AbstractThere is a growing body of academic research that suggests that we are living in an increasingly superdiverse society, where multi-ethnic, multicultural and multilingual peoples cohabit on a daily basis. Superdiversity challenges any nation state’s ideological claim of being representative of only one culture and one language, and indeed, in relation to the latter, highlights the increasing phenomenon of translanguaging, both in the wider world of social interactions and in the classroom.In this context, it is argued here that interpreter training needs to respond to superdiversity and translanguaging, as future interpreters are part of the same social world, and will undoubtedly encounter translanguaging in their future professional life. In superdiverse and translanguaging societies, source and target languages are no longer a one-to-one linguistic and cultural translation, but a far more fluid, dynamic and multiple interchange of repertoires and resources that people access in multi-varied and multi-functional ways.In this increasingly complex scenario, languages are not seen as bounded entities, but rather as fluid and interchangeable in the situated moment, and this, it is argued, needs to be reflected in pedagogy. Moreover, translanguaging (between bi/multilinguals) has been shown to promote greater cognitive development when tackling complex issues and rationalising processes. Also, translanguaging aids social and professional identity work, as interpreter students develop their understandings of the role their future interpreter life can and need to play in their career. Drawing on my own research and the observations made on the present and future needs of interpreting studies, a ‘translanguaging space’ (Li Wei 2011) is proposed for curriculum design in interpreter training.

Resonances in the System of Shield-Coupled Hydroacoustic Piezoceramic Transducers

Outcomes of the stress state investigations are presented for cylindrical hydroacoustic piezoceramic transducers on their operation in the shielded electroacoustic systems, which is defined by the maximum amplitudes of their vibration velocities and physical parameters of piezoceramic materials. The calculation model of the shield–transducer system takes account of the coupling between the electric, mechanical, and acoustic fields of its piezoceramic transducers in the energy conversion process and of multiple interchange with radiated and reflected acoustic waves between the system elements on the formation of acoustic fields in the environment. For the sector shield–transducer system, the amplitude-frequency characteristics of dynamic stresses in the transducers were established to be quantitatively related to the electrophysical parameters of their piezoceramic materials. In this case, different vibration modes of the system are shown to be possibly excited, which are just responsible for the stress state of transducers. A significant increase in dynamic stresses of the transducers with the natural frequencies of the above vibration modes of the system, much larger as compared to those in isolated transducers, is especially dangerous. It is caused by a series of new resonances due to the interaction of system elements over the acoustic field in the environment as a result of multiple interchange with radiated and reflected acoustic waves. Maximum dynamic stresses are established to be dependent on the arrangement of transducers in the sector of the circular shield–transducer system and their energy conversion efficiency.

Research on Intelligent Multiple Interchange Induction System of Huadu to Dongguan Highway

Urban expressway is an important part of the urban traffic network, which is also the main artery of urban traffic system. The rationality of interchange has a direct impact on the functions of “rapid patency” and “safety comfort” of urban roads. This paper taking Taicheng multiple interchange as the research object, which from expressway Huadu to Dongguan, focuses on improving traffic efficiency, induction accuracy and safety. This research is carried out from making the lines and mark, making high-precision navigation map, and making guidance system to provide solutions for Taicheng interchange.

Dynamics of Coronal Hole Boundaries

Abstract Remote and in situ observations strongly imply that the slow solar wind consists of plasma from the hot, closed-field corona that is released onto open magnetic field lines. The Separatrix Web theory for the slow wind proposes that photospheric motions at the scale of supergranules are responsible for generating dynamics at coronal-hole boundaries, which result in the closed plasma release. We use three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to determine the effect of photospheric flows on the open and closed magnetic flux of a model corona with a dipole magnetic field and an isothermal solar wind. A rotational surface motion is used to approximate photospheric supergranular driving and is applied at the boundary between the coronal hole and helmet streamer. The resulting dynamics consist primarily of prolific and efficient interchange reconnection between open and closed flux. The magnetic flux near the coronal-hole boundary experiences multiple interchange events, with some flux interchanging over 50 times in one day. Additionally, we find that the interchange reconnection occurs all along the coronal-hole boundary and even produces a lasting change in magnetic-field connectivity in regions that were not driven by the applied motions. Our results show that these dynamics should be ubiquitous in the Sun and heliosphere. We discuss the implications of our simulations for understanding the observed properties of the slow solar wind, with particular focus on the global-scale consequences of interchange reconnection.

Origin and Meiotic Behaviour of Two Multiple Interchange Trisomics in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum ameticanum L. Leeke).

Two multiple interchange trisomics one involving all the fifteen chromosomes and other at least seven chromosomes were isolated in the progeny of two tertiary interchange trisomics of pearl millet (Penninsetum americanum (2n=14)). The study of chromosome association of diakinesis in these multiple interchanges showed varying frequencies and type of multivalent formations followed by abnormalities in later stages of meiosis. Secondary association of bivalents was quite frequent in one of the interchange. Aneuploidy together with translocation as the probable cause of further chromosome interchanges has been discussed on the light of the present investigation.

Application of the REI equivalent for operations planning analysis of interchange schedules

A methodology for performing projected interchange studies using an REI equivalent for power systems is presented. Using this REI methodology, based on a general concept previously suggested by T.E. Dy Liacco et al. (1978) but never applied, multiple interchange transactions can be quickly and accurately simulated by the selective, manual adjustment of REI node injections. The REI equivalent was selected since external load and generation are represented on nodes as physically meaningful values. These values can be directly adjusted by the planner to represent potential transactions without intermediate calculations or reequivalencing. It is argued that no other equivalent provides such a straightforward, simple method for transaction simulation given extremely limited information. A description of the method is presented. Basic REI concepts are reviewed and expanded for performing interchange studies. The results of two examples, one using actual real-time values, are provided. >

C-banding at meiosis as a means of analyzing cytogenetic structure in wheat

The characterization of reciprocal interchanges between chromosomes of wheat in the progeny of the backcross ((T. aestivum H-53 × S. cereale) × T. aestivum H-53) using Feulgen and C-banding staining techniques has been attempted. The translocated chromosomes were studied in detail in three lines using monosomic analysis. In the F1 of the crosses between these lines and the 21 monosomic lines of 'Chinese Spring' a total of five interchanges were identified. Using a Giemsa C-banding procedure it was possible to confirm the identity of the interchange chromosome pairs that were previously identified by monosomic analysis. Moreover, a total of 12 new interchanges were characterized or identified. C-banding also facilitated the identification of the arms involved in translocations and permitted the quantitative analysis of each multivalent in multiple interchange heterozygotes. The comparative availability of Feulgen and C-banding in studies of cytogenetic structure in wheat is discussed.Key words: C-banding, meiosis, heterochromatin, translocations, wheat, Triticum.

Meiotic behaviour of multiple interchange heterozygotes in pearl millet.

Meiotic behaviour of multiple interchange heterozygotes in pearl millet.

Multiple chromosomal interchanges in pearl millet

Intercrossing and irradiation were successfully used in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) to develop multiple interchanges involving up to the total complement of all the chromosomes in one complex. In interchange heterozygotes showing ⊙ 12 + 1 II and ⊙ 14, 90.9 and 87.8 per cent of the cells, respectively, had chromosome configurations other than that of 12 and 14 chromosomes. In general, the frequency of such cells resulting from breakdown of the expected complex configuration increased with the increase in the number of translocated chromosomes in the complex. The higher the number of chromosomes involved in the interchange ring, the higher were the pollen and ovule sterility. The results indicated that meiotic instability, deficiency-duplication gametes, and unequal distribution of chromosomes account for increased sterility of multiple interchange heterozygotes. Even though interchanges in pearl millet predominantly show the alternate type of segregation, sterility seems to be the major barrier for the exploitation of the multiple interchange method for gamete selection and the establishment of homozygous lines in this plant species.

Multiple interchange stocks for linkage detection

Multiple interchange stocks for linkage detection

Some theoretical aspects of selective segregation in interchange complexes

1. A population of Allium triquetrum heterozygous for an interchange has been discovered. The meiotic complex of a chain of four is oriented in an alternate fashion in about 75% of cells. 2. The suggestion is put forward that adjacent centromeres of a complex, if linked by at least one chiasma, behave as in a bivalent. Because there are four centromeres in a complex of four chromosomes, the basic orientation frequency is 50% alternate, 50% adjacent. Adjacent orientations are not basically the result of rigidity caused by chiasmata, and an interaction between homologous centromeres or other chromosome parts is not involved in the orientation mechanism. 3. Chiasmata may impose rigidity on the complex and so affect orientation frequencies. 4. Two (necessarily homologous) centromeres linked by an interstitial chiasma will be co-oriented as in a bivalent and adjacent 2 orientations are eliminated. 5. In chain forming configurations without interstitial chiasmata. one type of adjacent orientation is eliminated, depending on whether the centromeres are situated on one or the other pachytene axis; the configuration eliminated is replaced by alternate orientations, the basic frequency of which is thus increased from 50% to 75%. Interstitial chiasmata in a chain configuration alter the orientation frequencies. 6. Ring complexes may orientate in an alternate fashion in 75% of cells. 7. Relative lenghts of pachytene axes have no effect on orientation frequencies. 8. Multiple interchange heterozygotes such as Oenothera have probably evolved a special feature that, together with the typical orientation mechanism found in most organisms, enables a very high frequency of alternate segregation to be attained. 9. Apparent genotypic control of segregation may be the result of genotypic control of chiasma position.

A Multiple Interchange Variant in a Natural Population of Anemone cylindrica

A Multiple Interchange Variant in a Natural Population of Anemone cylindrica

STERILITY IN INTERCHANGE HETEROZYGOTES OF BARLEY

Introduction In his paper proposinc the Oenothera method of establishing homoP zygous lines from promismg hybrids, Burnham (1946) suggested that the niethod may be applied to barley xvhere the chromosome number is small (211=14) and where interchange heterozygotes with 3 ring of four chromosomes are not accompanied b y an excessive decrease in fert~li ty. Various degrees of sterility have bcen reported in interchange heterozygotes of barley. These are summarized and prese~lted in Table I . As can be seen in the table, most of these studies dealt with simple interchanges. Relatively little work has bcen reported on the stcrility in plants heterozygous for interchanges at higher levels of chromosoine participation. T h e present study was conducted t o determine the effect of level of chromosonie interchange on sterility. Materials and Methods Thirty-one crosses werc made among 35 homozygous interchange stoclts of barley and 25 crosscs were inade between these stoclts and the normal R4ontcaln1, to produce hybrids heterozygous fo r interchanges of various cornbinations. T h e interchange stoclts wcre from four different sources. All C stoclts and the stoclt 4256-1 were f rom the Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of R4inncsota, E r t and X T stoclts were from the Swedish Seed Association. Svalijf. and stoclt 7031 was ~ r o d u c e d a t the Department of Field ~ u s b a n ' d r ~ , 1 , i v c r s i t ~ of ~asltatchex\;an. Roman numeral stocla are multiple interchange stoclts developed at the University of AjIanitoba b y crossing simple interchange stoclts. T h e designation of each stoclt and the interchanee cl~romosoiiies involved can bc found in Tablc 11. 0 Pollen niother cells f rom I;, plants were exalllined cytologically to confirm the presence of expected metapliase configurations. Sced set was determined fo r each I;, plant. Per cent sterility was calculated b y number of sterile s~il telets

The Quantum Mechanics of Seven and Eight Electrons with Spin Degeneracy

The eigenfunctions corresponding to the fourteen singlet states of a system of seven or eight electrons are given and the corresponding matrix elements tabulated in a form convenient for computation, neglecting multiple interchange integrals. Proof is given that the general method described in earlier work for writing bond eigenfunctions suffices to separate the multiplets. A method for calculating matrix components between bond eigenfunctions directly from the bond systems is also described.