Multiple Hyper Research Articles

Xeroderma Pigmentosum in a Child: An Early Ocular Manifestation

A 17 month old boy of first degree consanguineous parents came with the history of poor vision and photophobia. He also had multiple hyper pigmented skin lesions all over the body since 8 months of age. The skin lesions were generalized, hyper pigmented, non-tender, not itchy but photosensitive. Initially the skin lesion was treated by local physicians but when the lesion was spreading, and subsequently when he had developed visual problem, then visited to pediatrician. There was no history of similar type of skin disorder in his family. His developmental millstone was age appropriate. His eyes were sensitive to sunlight and exposure to light causes redness along with poor vision. There was large corneal diameter, conjunctival xerosis, intense photophobia and poor vision in both eyes. Skin survey revealed hyper pigmented macules. Hair and nail apparatus were normal. There was no mucosal or dental involvement, no ulceration or growth elsewhere. Hearing was normal. By a multidisciplinary team this case diagnosed as Xeroderma Pigmentosum clinically. This case managed by proper counselling, advised to protection from sun light and follow up. We like to share our experience of diagnosing and treating this rare case in child with early ocular manifestation. KYAMC Journal Volume: 14, No: 03, October 2023: 175-177.

CWSCNet: Channel-Weighted Skip Connection Network for Underwater Object Detection.

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with the intelligent underwater object detection technique is of great significance for underwater navigation. Advanced underwater object detection frameworks adopt skip connections to enhance the feature representation which further boosts the detection precision. However, we reveal two limitations of standard skip connections: (1) standard skip connections do not consider the feature heterogeneity, resulting in a sub-optimal feature fusion strategy; (2) feature redundancy exists in the skip connected features that not all the channels in the fused feature maps are equally important, the network learning should focus on the informative channels rather than the redundant ones. In this paper, we propose a novel channel-weighted skip connection network (CWSCNet) to learn multiple hyper fusion features for improving multi-scale underwater object detection. In CWSCNet, a novel feature fusion module, named channel-weighted skip connection (CWSC), is proposed to adaptively adjust the importance of different channels during feature fusion. The CWSC module removes feature heterogeneity that strengthens the compatibility of different feature maps, it also works as an effective feature selection strategy that enables CWSCNet to focus on learning channels with more object-related information. Extensive experiments on three underwater object detection datasets RUOD, URPC2017 and URPC2018 show that the proposed CWSCNet achieves comparable or state-of-the-art performances in underwater object detection.

DDDR-33. TNG908, A BRAIN-PENETRANT MTA-COOPERATIVE PRMT5 INHIBITOR, IS EFFICACIOUS IN PRECLINICAL MTAP-DELETED MODELS INCLUDING GLIOBLASTOMA

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The median overall survival (OS) of GBM patients is poor (1-2 years) with standard of care therapies, demonstrating the significant need for the development of novel therapeutics. TNG908 is a clinical stage MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor that is selectively active in MTAP-deleted cells by leveraging a synthetic lethal interaction. Approximately 40% of GBM tumors have MTAP loss due to a co-deletion event with the proximal tumor suppressor gene, CDKN2A. In preclinical in vitro studies, TNG908 was 15-fold more potent in MTAP-deleted cancer cell lines than in MTAP WT cells. TNG908 has high passive permeability and is neither a substrate for P-glycoprotein nor Breast Cancer Resistant Protein (BCRP) efflux transporters. Consistent with these favorable attributes, TNG908 demonstrated in vivo brain penetration in multiple preclinical models, including non-human primates and mice. TNG908 on-target pharmacodynamic activity was determined by dose-dependent decreases in SDMA-modified protein levels in a GBM subcutaneous xenograft model. TNG908 demonstrated dose-dependent antitumor activity in multiple hyper- and hypomethylated GBM subcutaneous models, including cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. Despite 6-fold reduced Kpuu in rodents (Kpuu ~0.15) relative to non-human primates (Kpuu 0.9), oral administration of TNG908 drove near tumor stasis and increased median survival by 3-fold in a highly aggressive murine GBM orthotopic model. In summary, TNG908 is a potent, brain-penetrant, MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor that drives strong antitumor activity in preclinical models of MTAP-deleted GBM. TNG908 is currently enrolling patients with MTAP-deleted tumors including glioblastoma in a Phase I/II clinical trial (NCT05275478).

On graded fuzzy n-absorbing hyperideals in graded multiplicative hyperrings

On graded fuzzy n-absorbing hyperideals in graded multiplicative hyperrings

Generalizations of 2-Absorbing Primary Hyperideals of Multiplicative Hyperrings

In this paper, we introduce the concept of ϕ-2-absorbing primary hyperideals in multiplicative hyperrings. Several results concerning ϕ-2-absorbing primary hyperideals are proved. We prove under certain conditions that the intersection of two ϕ-2-absorbing primary hyperideals is also a ϕ-2-absorbing primary hyperideal. Examples of ϕ-2-absorbing primary hyperideals are also studied

Abstract 3452: TNG908, a brain-penetrant MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor, is efficacious in preclinical glioblastoma models

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumors in adults. The median overall survival (OS) of GBM patients is poor (1-2 years) on standard of care therapies, which include surgery, radiotherapy, and the alkylating agent temozolomide. Therefore, developing new treatments for GBM is an urgent unmet medical need. TNG908 is a clinical stage MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor that inhibits PRMT5 activity selectively in MTAP-null cells leveraging a synthetic lethal interaction. Approximately 40% of GBM tumors are homozygous null for MTAP [1, 2]. In preclinical in vitro studies, the antiproliferation activity of TNG908 was 15 times more potent in MTAP-null cancer cell lines than in MTAP WT cells. TNG908 has high passive permeability and is not a substrate for P-glycoprotein nor Breast Cancer Resistant Protein efflux transporters, attributes which are favorable for crossing the blood-brain barrier. TNG908 demonstrated in vivo brain penetration in multiple preclinical studies, including non-human primates and mice, suggesting that TNG908 may fulfill the significant unmet need in the treatment of GBM. Pharmacodynamic activity of TNG908 to inhibit PRMT5 was demonstrated by decreased SDMA-modified protein levels in a dose-dependent manner in a GBM xenograft model. TNG908 demonstrated dose-dependent antitumor activity in multiple hyper- and hypomethylated GBM subcutaneous models, including cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. Despite reduced Kpuu in rodents compared to primates, oral administration of TNG908 drove near tumor stasis and increased median survival by 3-fold in a highly aggressive murine GBM orthotopic model. In summary, TNG908 is a potent, brain-penetrant small molecule PRMT5 inhibitor that is selective for MTAP-null tumor cells with good drug-like properties and strong antitumor activity in preclinical models of GBM. As such, TNG908 may provide a novel treatment strategy for MTAP-deleted GBM patients. *MZ and AT contributed equally to the work. Reference: 1.Cerami et al., Cell, 2013. 2.Gao et al., Sci Signal, 2013 Citation Format: Minjie Zhang, Alice Tsai, Kevin M. Cottrell, Brian B. Haines, Erik Wilker, Heather DiBenedetto, Ron Weitzman, Alan Huang, Charles B. Davis, John P. Maxwell, Kimberly J. Briggs. TNG908, a brain-penetrant MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor, is efficacious in preclinical glioblastoma models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3452.

Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria about a succcessful evolution case

BACKGROUND: Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease. Caused by a deficiency of the enzymatic activity of uroporphyrinogen synthetase III (UROS), collect accumulation of porphyrins of the type I isomer and alterations in the synthesis of the heme group, responsible for the clinical manifestations, mainly cutaneous, hematological, ophthalmic and bone. Diagnosis is based on elevated levels of type I uroporphyrinogen in urine and fecal coproporphyrinogen and clinical findings. CLINICAL CASE: This is a 31-year-old female patient who presented since childhood, multiple hyper and hypopigmented macules both on the back of the hands and on the face, slight destruction of the nasal cartilage, areas of scarring and perioral retraction, sclerodermiform changes, erythrodontia and marked retraction of the phalanges, who was diagnosed with congenital hematopoietic porphyria, who began conservative treatment, achieving an adequate evolution and clinical stability. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to know the different manifestations of this disease to show a prompt diagnosis and avoid known progression, since despite being a rare disease, it can have high morbidity in untreated patients.

On Hyperideals of Multiplicative Hyperrings

Let R be a commutative multiplicative hyperring. In this paper, we introduce and study the concepts of n-hyperideal and δ-n-hyperideal of R which are generalization of n-ideals and δ-n-ideals of the in a commutative ring. An element a is called a nilpotent element of R if there exists a positive integer n such that 0∈a^n. A hyperideal I (I ≠R) of R is called an n- hyperideal of R if for all a,b∈R, a*b⊆I and a is non-nilpotent element implies that b∈I [15]. Also, I is called a δ-n-hyperideal if for all a,b∈R, a*b⊆I then either a is nilpotent or b∈δ(I) , where δ is an expansion function over the set of all hyperideals of a multiplicative hyperring. In addition, we give the definition of zd-hyperideal. Some properties of n-hyperideals, δ-n-hyperideals and zd-hyperideals of the hyperring R are presented. Finally, the relations between these notions are investigated.

A generalization of graded prime hyperideals over graded multiplicative hyperrings

Let [Formula: see text] be a group with identity [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be a graded multiplicative hyperring. In this paper, we introduce and study the notion of graded [Formula: see text]-absorbing hyperideals of [Formula: see text] as a generalization of prime hyperideals. Many properties, examples and characterizations of graded [Formula: see text]-absorbing hyperideals of [Formula: see text] are introduced. Moreover, we investigate the behavior of this structure under homogeneous components, graded hyperring homomorphisms, Cartesian product and fundamental relations. We consider the fundamental relation [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] as the smallest equivalence relation such that the quotient [Formula: see text] is a ring. Also, we show that if [Formula: see text] is a graded hyperring, then [Formula: see text] is a graded ring.

On 1-Absorbing Prime Hyperideal and Some of Its Generalizations

In this paper, we introduce the concept of 1-absorbing prime hyperideals which is an expansion of the prime hyperideals. Several properties of the hyperideals are provided. For example, it is proved that if a strong C-hyperideal I of R is 1-absorbing prime that is not prime, then R is a local multiplicative hyperring. Moreover, we introduce and study the notions of 1-absorbing primary hyperideals, strongly 1-absorbing primary hyperideals and weakly 1-absorbing primary hyperideals which are generalizations of the 1-absorbing prime hyperideals. We also examine the relations between these new concepts and other hyperideals.

A state-of-the-art technique to perform cloud-based semantic segmentation using deep learning 3D U-Net architecture

Glioma is the most aggressive and dangerous primary brain tumor with a survival time of less than 14 months. Segmentation of tumors is a necessary task in the image processing of the gliomas and is important for its timely diagnosis and starting a treatment. Using 3D U-net architecture to perform semantic segmentation on brain tumor dataset is at the core of deep learning. In this paper, we present a unique cloud-based 3D U-Net method to perform brain tumor segmentation using BRATS dataset. The system was effectively trained by using Adam optimization solver by utilizing multiple hyper parameters. We got an average dice score of 95% which makes our method the first cloud-based method to achieve maximum accuracy. The dice score is calculated by using Sørensen-Dice similarity coefficient. We also performed an extensive literature review of the brain tumor segmentation methods implemented in the last five years to get a state-of-the-art picture of well-known methodologies with a higher dice score. In comparison to the already implemented architectures, our method ranks on top in terms of accuracy in using a cloud-based 3D U-Net framework for glioma segmentation.

Shared and disease-sensitive dysfunction across bipolar and unipolar disorder during depressive episodes: a transdiagnostic study.

Patients with depressive episodes (PDE), such as unipolar disorder (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD), are often defined as distinct diagnostic categories, but increasing converging evidence indicated shared etiologies and pathophysiological characteristics across different clinical diagnoses. We explored whether these transdiagnostic deficits are caused by the common neural substrates across diseases or disease-sensitive mechanisms, or a combination of both. In this study, we utilized a Bayesian model to decompose the resting-state brain activity into multiple hyper- and hypo-activity patterns (refer to as "factors"), so as to explore the shared and disease-sensitive alteration patterns in PDE. The model was constructed over a total of 259 patients (131 UD and 128 BD) with 100 healthy controls as the reference. The other 32 initial depressive episode BD (IDE-BD) patients who had symptoms of mania or hypomania during follow-up were taken as an independent set to estimate the factor composition using the established model for further analysis. We revealed three transdiagnostic alteration factors in PDE. Based on the distribution of factors and the tendency of factor composition at the group level, these factors were defined as BD sensitive factor, UD sensitive factor and shared basic alteration factor. We further found that the factor composition and the ROIs-based alteration degree (mainly involving in orbitofrontal gyrus and part of parietal lobe) were associated with the bipolar index in IDE-BD patients. Our findings contributed to understanding the core transdiagnostic shared and disease-sensitive alterations in PDE and to predicting the risk of emotional state transition in IDE-BD patients.

2‐Prime Hyperideals of Multiplicative Hyperrings

Multiplicative hyperrings are an important class of algebraic hyperstructures which generalize rings further to allow multiple output values for the multiplication operation. Let R be a commutative multiplicative hyperring. A proper hyperideal I of R is called 2‐prime if x∘y⊆I for some x, y ∈ R, then, x2⊆I or y2⊆I. The 2‐prime hyperideals are a generalization of prime hyperideals. In this paper, we aim to study 2‐prime hyperideals and give some results. Moreover, we investigate δ‐2‐primary hyperideals which are an expansion of 2‐prime hyperideals.

A note on weakly prime hyperideals and (1, n) hyperideals on multiplicative hyperrings

In this article we give the definition of weakly prime hyperideals over multiplicative hyperring. We provide important results showing the relations between prime hyperideals and weakly prime hyperideals. Then we give definition of weakly n-hyperideal and weakly (1,n) hyperideal over multiplicative hyperrings. Then we investigate of their properties and give some examples. Hyperstructures are very important topic because it satisfy to study multidisiplinary. Especially in chemistry, coding theory, geometry, artificial intelligence, etc.

Graded φ-2-absorbing hyperideals in graded multiplicative hyperrings

Let G be an abelian group with identity e. Let R be a graded multiplicative hyperring and [Formula: see text] be a function where [Formula: see text] is the set of graded hyperideals of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for every graded hyperideal I of R. In this paper, we introduce and study the concepts of graded [Formula: see text]-2-absorbing hyperideals and graded [Formula: see text]-2-absorbing primary hyperideals of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we give a number of main results and the basic properties concerning these classes of graded hyperideals and their homogeneous components.

Second Order Techniques for Learning Time-series with Structural Breaks

We study fundamental problems in learning nonstationary time-series: how to effectively regularize time-series models and how to adaptively tune forgetting rates. The effectiveness of L2 regularization depends on the choice of coordinates, and the variables need to be appropriately normalized. In nonstationary environment, however, what is appropriate can vary over time. Proposed regularization is invariant to the invertible linear transformation of coordinates, eliminating the necessity of normalization. We also propose an ensemble learning approach to adaptively tuning the forgetting rate and regularization-coefficient. We train multiple models with varying hyperparameters and evaluate their performance by the use of multiple hyper forgetting rates. At each step, we choose the best performing model on the basis of the best performing hyper forgetting rate. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is demonstrated with real time-series.

On S-prime hyperideals in multiplicative hyperrings

Let R be a multiplicative hyperring and S be a subset of R be a multiplicatively closed subset of R. In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of S-prime hyperideals which is a generalization of prime hyperideals. Some properties of S-prime hyperideals in multiplicative hyperring are presented. Then we investigate the behaviour of S-prime hyperideals under homomorphism hyperrings, in factor hyperrings, Cartesian products of hyperrings, and the fundamental relation in the context of multiplicative hyperring.

Case Report on Chronic Actinic Dermatitis

Abstract: Chronic Actinic Dermatitis (CAD) or Chronic Photosensitivity Dermatitis is an immunologically mediated photodermatosis which is characterized by pruritic eczematous lesions, severely itchy, red, inflamed and thickened dry skin of sun exposed areas. The other term of chronic actinic dermatitis is Actinic reticuloid. It is usually seen in patients older than 50 years of age. The etiology of chronic actinic dermatitis is not identified until now. The diagnosis of chronic actinic dermatitis is based on patient history, cutaneous findings and histological features (biopsy). Photo protection measures are a central management of chronic actinic dermatitis. Other therapeutic remedies include immunosuppressive agents and antihistamines. Here we reported a case of chronic actinic dermatitis presenting with long history of itching and reddish lesions, multiple hyper pigmented and erythematous papules and plaques present over the body. On the scalp there is multiple well defined de-pigmented and erythematous plaques were present. The patient condition improved with the use of steroids, antihistamines and sunscreens. Key words: Chronic actinic dermatitis, Photodermatosis, Photoprotection, Photopatch, Photosensitive.

Imaging the pediatric retina: An overview.

Recent decade has seen a shift in the causes of childhood blinding diseases from anterior segment to retinal disease in both developed and developing countries. The common retinal disorders are retinopathy of prematurity and vitreoretinal infections in neonates, congenital anomalies in infants, and vascular retinopathies including type 1 diabetes, tumors, and inherited retinal diseases in children (up to 12 years). Retinal imaging helps in diagnosis, management, follow up and prognostication in all these disorders. These imaging modalities include fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, retinal vascular and structural studies, and electrodiagnosis. Over the decades there has been tremendous advances both in design (compact, multifunctional, tele-consult capable) and technology (wide- and ultra-wide field and noninvasive retinal angiography). These new advances have application in most of the pediatric retinal diseases though at most times the designs of new devices have remained confined to use in adults. Poor patient cooperation and insufficient attention span in children demand careful crafting of the devices. The newer attempts of hand-held retinal diagnostic devices are welcome additions in this direction. While much has been done, there is still much to do in the coming years. One of the compelling and immediate needs is the pediatric version of optical coherence tomography angiography. These needs and demands would increase many folds in future. A sound policy could be the simultaneous development of adult and pediatric version of all ophthalmic diagnostic devices, coupled with capacity building of trained medical personnel.

On expansions of graded 2-absorbing hyperideals in graded multiplicative hyperrings

Let G be an abelian group with identity e. Let R be a graded multiplicative hyperring and ? : Igr(R) ? Igr(R) be an expansion function of Igr(R), where Igr(R) is the set of all graded hyperideals of R. In this paper, we introduce and study the concepts of graded ?-primary hyperideals of R and graded 2-absorbing ?-primary hyperideals of R which are the extended classes of graded prime and graded 2- absorbing hyperideals of R, respectively. Moreover, we give the basic properties of these new types of graded hyperideals and investigate the relations among these structures.