Multiple Facets Research Articles

For Justice! The Double Burden of Women in Indonesia from the Perspective of The Compilation of Islamic Law

This study investigates the phenomenon of the double burden faced by women in Indonesia through the lens of the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam, KHI). The double burden refers to the dual roles that women fulfill, balancing responsibilities within the household and in the public workforce. Utilizing a qualitative approach and document analysis, this research explores how the KHI addresses women’s roles and responsibilities in both spheres. Real-life cases of Indonesian women are examined to assess how interpretations of the KHI impact their experiences. Findings indicate that while the KHI acknowledges women’s participation in multiple facets of life, its implementation is often constrained by patriarchal interpretations that lack gender sensitivity. This has resulted in women bearing disproportionate responsibilities at home and work. The study underscores the need for a more progressive reinterpretation of the KHI to reduce the double burden on women, promoting gender equality and enhancing women’s welfare in Indonesia. These insights are intended to inform strategies for advancing gender equity within the framework of the KHI, contributing to broader social and legal reforms.

Chronic and Acute Pain and Adverse Economic Outcomes in a 9/11-Exposed Cohort

The objective of this study was to determine the association between acute and chronic pain and various economic and quality-of-life outcomes. The study sample was drawn from the World Trade Center Health Registry. Both acute and chronic pain were measured in 2020–2021. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine the odds of several economic and quality-of-life variables: early retirement, low household income, decline in household income, quality of life, and not working due to health. Those who had extreme pain in the last four weeks that interfered with normal work had 3.12 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.36, 4.39) times the odds of early retirement, 5.34 (95% CI: 3.47, 8.21) times the odds of having a household income below USD 50,000, 2.56 (95% CI: 1.51, 4.33) times the odds of having an income decrease, and 14.4 (95% CI: 11.3, 18.3) times the rate of poor health days compared to those with no pain. Similar results were found for chronic pain. The detrimental effects of pain may influence multiple facets of a patient’s life, and both financial and overall well-being may diminish even several years after a pain diagnosis.

Predicting Alcohol Use in Undergraduates: Interactions Between Social Anxiety and Impulsivity

Background: Links between social anxiety and risky drinking in college are well documented, but the specifics of this relationship are mixed and likely complex. Impulsivity may play a critical role in enhancing vulnerability for risky drinking in individuals with social anxiety. Objectives: Here we examined how impulsivity moderates the relationship between social anxiety and alcohol use in college students. 515 undergraduates (18–24 years) who endorsed at least moderate levels of alcohol use were included. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to quantify social anxiety, impulsive personality traits, and alcohol use. A series of correlations and stepwise linear regressions were conducted to examine social anxiety, impulsivity, biological sex, and their interactions as predictors of amount of alcohol use. Results: We found that multiple facets of impulsivity moderated the relationship between social anxiety and amount of alcohol use. Social anxiety was associated with more alcohol use in participants with high lack of premeditation, while social anxiety was associated with less alcohol use in participants with low lack of premeditation, low negative urgency, and high sensation seeking. Sex interacted with social anxiety; low levels of impulsivity seemed to be protective. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that social anxiety and certain facets of impulsivity (lack of premeditation, sensation seeking) interact to predict alcohol use in undergraduates. These findings highlight the complex and important relationships between social anxiety, impulsivity, and risky drinking in college students.

The public and private mix in the production of childcare: a case study of 21st century South Korea

Purpose The aim of this study is to demonstrate the usefulness of the “publicness” and “privateness” concepts in examining childcare policy reforms. Understanding them as having multiple facets, this paper challenges the way in which childcare-going-public is often simply assessed based on the coverage of publicly-funded childcare services. Instead, it highlights that the process should be more thoroughly examined by considering who pays for whom to provide childcare, where it takes place, how it is regulated, and what kinds of normative ideals it works towards.Design/methodology/approach The research design is two-fold. Firstly, it coins the concepts of “publicness” and “privateness” based on existing literature on welfare pluralism and public administration. It then unpacks the key facets constituting this conceptual twin within the childcare context, which are utilised to craft four models of childcare production. Secondly, this framework is analytically applied to explore 21st-century South Korea to track the changes and continuities in its childcare production models across four governments.Findings The analysis shows that while South Korea's childcare publicness increased in terms of funding, its privateness was bolstered in regard to the location of childcare, the way that publicly-funded childcare services were regulated and delivered, and the manner in which childcare was partially consolidated as a familial responsibility.Originality/value This paper proposes a new conceptual framework to analyse the complex and multi-layered process of how childcare goes public, which is analytically applied to a cross-governmental comparative study of South Korea.

Water Quality Impact on Fish Behavior: A Review From an Aquaculture Perspective

ABSTRACTChanges in water quality significantly shape fish behavior, a crucial index reflecting the growth and welfare status of fish. Given the centrality of this relationship to aquaculture practices, a comprehensive understanding of how water quality dynamics influence fish behavior is imperative. While there have been some summaries of the effects of water quality parameters on fish physiology and growth, few reviews on their effects on fish behavior have been reported yet. This article reviews several water quality parameters which are of great concern in aquaculture from multiple facets of actual production, including physical parameters (water temperature and turbidity), chemical parameters (dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, and inorganic nitrogen), and chemical pollutants (microplastics and crude oil), which have gained increasing attention from the researchers and aquaculture practitioners over the past decades. Variations in these water quality parameters can exert profound effects on fish physiology, metabolism, internal tissues and organs, and sensory perception, which influences fish behaviors such as swimming, schooling, feeding, predation, anti‐predation, aggression, courtship, as well as adaptive and stress‐related behaviors such as exploration, avoidance response, and anxiety‐like behavior. By synthesizing the behavioral changes caused by specific water quality parameters, this review aims to provide strong support for further water quality‐related research, thereby fostering environments conducive to both fish welfare and aquaculture productivity.

The multiple facets of cow’s milk allergy

Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in early childhood. CMA has varied presentations and multiple facets. A detailed clinical history is key for classification. In IgE-mediated CMA skin prick testing and serum specific IgE testing are useful in the diagnosis, but an oral food challenge (OFC) may still be necessary if there is doubt or to assess tolerance. Non-IgE-mediated CMA presentations include food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). The diagnosis of FPIAP and FPIES is based on the clinical history. An esophageal biopsy is required for the diagnosis of EoE. Atopy patch testing, IgG or IgG4 testing are not helpful in any CMA evaluation. Children with CMA (except those with FPIAP) are at risk for poor growth and a nutritional evaluation should be part of routine care. Extensively hydrolyzed formulas are the recommended first choice alternative formula for CMA. For IgE-mediated CMA, alternative approaches to traditional strict avoidance include oral immunotherapy (OIT) and omalizumab (both as monotherapy and as an adjunct to OIT). Multiple international guidelines have addressed evaluation and management of CMA providing key information, support and guidance for clinicians in daily practice.

Use and Cost Patterns of Antihypertensive Medications in the United States From 1996 to 2021.

Antihypertensive medication use patterns have likely been influenced by changing costs and accessibility over the past 3 decades. This study examines the relationships between patent exclusivity loss, medication costs, and national health policies on antihypertensive medication use. Using 1996 to 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data of US adults with hypertension taking at least 1 antihypertensive medication, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis. We explored the associations between patent exclusivity loss, per-pill costs, and Medicare Part D enactment on medication use over time, focusing on the most commonly used medications (lisinopril, amlodipine, losartan, hydrochlorothiazide, and metoprolol). The unweighted sample comprised 50 095 US adults (mean age, 62 years; 53% female). The survey-weighted number of adults taking antihypertensive medications increased from 22 million (95% CIs, 20-23 million) to 55 million (95% CI, 51-60 million) between 1996 and 2021. Loss of patent exclusivity led to increased medication fills, notably for lisinopril, amlodipine, and losartan, which all exhibited within-class dominance. However, per-pill cost decreases coinciding with Medicare Part D did not increase the number of individuals treated or the use of specific antihypertensive medications or classes. The increase in antihypertensive medication use over the past decades highlights the significant impact of loss of patent exclusivity on the uptake in the use of specific medications. These findings underscore the complexity of factors influencing medication use, beyond cost reductions alone, and suggest that policies need to consider multiple facets to effectively improve antihypertensive medication accessibility and utilization.

Artificial intelligence applications in ophthalmic surgery.

Technologies in healthcare incorporating artificial intelligence tools are experiencing rapid growth in static-image-based applications such as diagnostic imaging. Given the proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI)-technologies created for video-based imaging, ophthalmic microsurgery is likely to experience significant benefits from the application of emerging technologies to multiple facets of the care of the surgical patient. Proof-of-concept research and early phase clinical trials are in progress for AI-based surgical technologies that aim to provide preoperative planning and decision support, intraoperative image enhancement, surgical guidance, surgical decision-making support, tactical assistive technologies, enhanced surgical training and assessment of trainee progress, and semi-autonomous tool control or autonomous elements of surgical procedures. The proliferation of AI-based technologies in static imaging in clinical ophthalmology, continued refinement of AI tools designed for video-based applications, and development of AI-based digital tools in allied surgical fields suggest that ophthalmic surgery is poised for the integration of AI into our microsurgical paradigm.

Developing a Questionnaire to Assess Self-Efficacy in the Teaching Profession

In Japan, school teachers experience mental health issues, leading to absences or leave from their duties. While extended working hours significantly contribute to this problem, diminished self-esteem has emerged as the primary causal factor. Reduced self-esteem is frequently correlated with diminished self-efficacy across multiple facets of teaching. Consequently, fostering self-efficacy in the teaching profession is essential for preventing health-related problems. In this regard, early intervention among students aspiring to become school teachers is crucial for prevention. This study aimed to develop a self-efficacy questionnaire tailored for students pursuing teaching careers, as effective preventive interventions require scales to evaluate self-efficacy. Following the development of an original questionnaire with both content and face validity, a web-based survey was administered to the participants via a Japanese survey company. The analysis included 422 participants (176 males and 246 females). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed factorial validity, identifying three distinct factors: collaboration with others, student guidance, and classroom and teaching management. Additionally, a higher-order factor denoting global self-efficacy in the profession emerged from the total scores of these three factors. Internal consistency was observed across all subscales and the global scale, with scores demonstrating an undistorted distribution, indicative of a normal distribution. The study concludes with a discussion of its limitations and suggestions for future research. This questionnaire could facilitate the implementation of diverse interventions aimed at promoting teachers’ well-being and adaptability.

MMLmiRLocNet: miRNA Subcellular Localization Prediction based on Multi-view Multi-label Learning for Drug Design.

Identifying subcellular localization of microRNAs (miRNAs) is essential for comprehensive understanding of cellular function and has significant implications for drug design. In the past, several computational methods for miRNA subcellular localization is being used for uncovering multiple facets of RNA function to facilitate the biological applications. Unfortunately, most existing classification methods rely on a single sequencebased view, making the effective fusion of data from multiple heterogeneous networks a primary challenge. Inspired by multi-view multi-label learning strategy, we propose a computational method, named MMLmiRLocNet, for predicting the subcellular localizations of miRNAs. The MMLmiRLocNet predictor extracts multi-perspective sequence representations by analyzing lexical, syntactic, and semantic aspects of biological sequences. Specifically, it integrates lexical attributes derived from k-mer physicochemical profiles, syntactic characteristics obtained via word2vec embeddings, and semantic representations generated by pre-trained feature embeddings. Finally, module for extracting multi-view consensus-level features and specific-level features was constructed to capture consensus and specific features from various perspectives. The full connection networks are utilized as the output module to predict the miRNA subcellular localization. Experimental results suggest that MMLmiRLocNet outperforms existing methods in terms of F1, subACC, and Accuracy, and achieves best performance with the help of multi-view consensus features and specific features extract network.

The ecology of opportunity: connecting socioecological health and school achievement in Alabama

ABSTRACT This study investigates the association between school-level achievement and the relative health of the social environment in which children are embedded, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how behavioural, social, physical, and socio-emotional contexts may holistically impact learning. While research has recognised how specific aspects of a child’s environment can impact learning, what is less understood is how multiple facets of socioecological conditions may holistically contribute to learning advantages or disadvantages. To address this, we combine seven years and over 9,000 observations of school-level achievement scores from the U.S. state of Alabama with a comprehensive scale of “socioecological health” – a measure that includes multiple indicators such as nutrition access, housing quality, neighbourhood violence, social supports, income inequality, and mental health access. We then employ a three-level hierarchical linear modelling approach to assess the association between socioecological health and school achievement. Results suggest that (1) higher levels of socioecological health are associated with higher levels of school achievement; (2) effects are strongest for older students and rural students; and (3) healthy behaviours, social supports, and positive physical environment correspond with higher school achievement. These results highlight the breadth to which social and environmental determinants may influence learning opportunities and underscores the need for a more holistic and inclusive approach to educational leadership and social policy.

AI in plastic surgery: customizing care for each patient

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) involve the usage of complex algorithms to identify patterns, predict future outcomes, generate new data, and perform other tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI tools have been progressively adopted by multiple disciplines of surgery, enabling increasingly patient-specific care, as well as more precise surgical modeling and assessment. For instance, AI tools such as ChatGPT have been applied to enhance both patient educational materials and patient-surgeon communication. Additionally, AI tools have helped support pre- and postoperative assessment in a diverse set of procedures, including breast reconstructions, facial surgeries, hand surgeries, wound healing operations, and burn surgeries. Further, ML-supported 3D modeling has now been utilized for patient-specific surgical planning and may also be combined with 3D printing technologies to generate patient-customized, implantable constructs. Ultimately, the advent of AI and its intersection with surgical practice have demonstrated immense potential to transform patient care by making multiple facets of the surgical process more efficient, precise, and patient-specific.

Climate change drives fish communities: Changing multiple facets of fish biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

Global marine biodiversity is experiencing significant alterations due to climate change. Incorporating phylogenetic and functional diversity may provide novel insights into these impacts. This study used an ensemble model approach (random forest and boosted regression tree), to predict the habitat distribution of 47 fish species in the Northwestern Pacific under contemporary (2000–2014) and future scenarios (2040–2050, 2090–2100). We first examined the relationship between eleven functional traits and habitat changes, predicting the spatial distribution of functional traits within fish communities. A significant correlation was observed between temperature preference and habitat changes, highlighting the vulnerability of cold-water species and potential advantages for warm-water species in the future. Moreover, fish communities exhibited a spatial gradient distribution with southern regions characterized by shorter-lived and earlier maturity, contrasting with longer-lived and later maturity species in the north. Secondly, to assess the impact of climate change on marine biodiversity, we explored the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity under contemporary and future scenarios, revealing higher indices in the East China Sea (ECS) and the coastal sea of Japan, with the Taiwan Strait emerging as a contemporary biodiversity hotspot. In future scenarios, the three biodiversity indices would decline in the Yellow Sea and ECS, but increase in the sea beyond the continental shelf, coastal sea of Hokkaido, and Sea of Okhotsk. Lastly, we explored processes and mechanisms in the change of community composition. By quantifying β-diversity, we identified species loss (nestedness) as the primary driver of fish community change by 2040–2050, with species replacement (turnover) predicted to become dominant in the far future. Our results explore the potential changes in multiple facets of fish biodiversity, providing crucial insights for policymakers aiming to protect fish resources and biodiversity.

Unravelling the “Ethos of Change” in African Urban Margins: Institutions, Stigmas, Experiences

Abstract How are desirable futures conceived in the African urban margins? What trajectories do individuals use to get there? And who decides what constitutes a desirable future? This special issue proposes the “ethos of change” as an analytical concept to better understand how urban margins in Africa shape specific lives and, in particular, aspirations for change. “Ethos of change” is a broad set of embodied norms, (self) narratives, and routine practices driving the trajectory of personal change to escape an initial self and environment that are both internalised as unsatisfactory and dishonourable. Based on case studies from Kenya, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso, analyses in this special issue focus on how individuals construct their experiences of violence, (de)radicalisation, displacement, and the intervention of large-scale state programmes. This introductory article offers an institutional framework for comprehending the other articles that constitute the special issue and summarises their contents. Additionally, it assesses how the special issue’s contribution advances our understanding of how to reconsider Africa’s urban margins as spaces for the production of difference, where individuals appropriate the idea of change with its modalities amidst multiple facets of stigma and symbolic violence in African urban margins.

Raising the case of hepatitis E: Report from the 2nd international HEV symposium

The 2nd International Hepatitis E Virus Symposium was held on April 28 and 29, 2023, in London, UK. The conference was hosted by the International Vaccine Institute and brought together key clinicians, researchers, and private and public stakeholders for a dedicated forum on hepatitis E virus (HEV). The scientific program spanned multiple facets of HEV, from updates on clinical research and diagnostic advances to vaccine development. The conference highlighted presentations on several critical HEV vaccine studies that will greatly impact the field, including the largest effectiveness study of Hecolin vaccine outside of China and the first reactive mass-vaccination campaign in South Sudan. This report summarizes information shared at the convening and offers perspectives on the steps forward for hepatitis E.

Addressing multiple facets of bias and uncertainty in continental scale biodiversity databases

The availability of biodiversity databases is expanding at unprecedented rates. Nevertheless, species occurrence data can be intrinsically biased and contain uncertainties that impact the accuracy and reliability of biodiversity estimates. In this study, we developed a reproducible framework to assess three dimensions of bias—taxonomic, spatial, and temporal—as well as temporal uncertainty associated with data collections. We utilized the vegetation plot data located in Europe, from sPlotOpen, an open-access database, as a case study. The metrics proposed for estimating bias include completeness of the species richness for taxonomic bias, Nearest Neighbor Index for spatial bias, and Pielou’s index for temporal bias. Additionally, we introduced a new method based on a negative exponential curve to model the temporal decay in biodiversity data, aiming to quantify temporal uncertainty. Finally, we assessed the sampling bias considering the influence of various spatial variables (i.e, road density, human population count, Natura 2000 network and topographic roughness). We discovered that the facets of bias and the temporal uncertainty varied throughout Europe, as did the different roles played by spatial variables in determining biases. sPlotOpen showed a clustered distribution of the vegetation plots, and an uneven distribution in sampling completeness, year of sampling and temporal uncertainty. The facets of bias were significantly explained mainly by the presence of Natura 2000 network and marginally by the human population count. These results suggest that employing an efficient procedure to examine biases and uncertainties in data collections can enhance data quality and provide more reliable biodiversity estimates.

Role of bacterial exopolysaccharides in edible films for food safety and sustainability. Current trends and future perspectives

Bacterial biopolymers are changing the concepts in the food industry as customer demands the addition of no artificial additives and want products “Clean labelled.” Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by some bacterial strains are the best replacements for these artificial additives. The monomeric composition, quality, quantity, structure, molecular weight, and charge on these bioparticles decide the qualities, that is, rheology, texture, shelf life, and physiochemical properties of the product. Exopolysaccharides are the best biothickeners and are being widely used in the food industry. They are widely used as coatings and edible films in food substances, especially fruits and vegetables. These consist of substances that are Generally Recognized as Safe. These coatings and edible films promise improved shelf life and better nutritional properties and act as a protective barrier for food items. Bacterial EPS are widely used in edible films, yogurt-like and plant-based beverages, the meat industry, and fermented low-fat meat, sourdoughs, and low-fat cheese. It interacts with other components and improves the texture, stabilization, viscosity, and mouthfeel of end products. The structural and functional properties of these substances still need to be explored. The main objective of this review is to focus on the importance of EPS produced by various strains, its structure and uses as edible coatings and films, functionality, and applications in various food products. Overall, the future of bacterial EPS in the food industry appears promising, with avenues for innovation and application across multiple facets of food production, including texture modification, nutritional enhancement, and sustainability.

Conceptions of aging and beliefs about how one's life is unfolding over time: A lifespan developmental perspective.

The present study examined beliefs about how one's life satisfaction is unfolding over time in relation to conceptions of aging in an online American adult lifespan sample (N = 882; Mage = 47.89, SD = 15.30, range = 19-84 years; 56% female). Single-item and multi-item ratings of recollected past, current, and anticipated future life satisfaction were employed, along with subjective perceptions of change in life satisfaction over time. Person-centered (latent profile) analysis identified distinct linear and nonlinear patterns of beliefs concerning past-current and current-future changes in life satisfaction: improve-improve, stable-stable, worsen-worsen, and worsen-improve. Multiple facets of conceptions of aging were assessed, including subjective perceptions of age (chronological vs. felt and desired age); attitudes toward, experiences of, and expectations concerning aging; future time perspective; and goal orientations (growth, maintenance, prevention of losses). Multinomial logistic regression models identified unique facets of conceptions of aging characterizing the four profiles. In general, individuals reporting a distinct profile conveying the belief that one's life was improving (vs. worsening) over time were characterized by more positive conceptions of aging. Further, conceptions of aging partially explained the link between chronological age and the belief that one's life is getting worse and worse (vs. better and better). Thus, the present work provides new insights into how age and conceptions of aging may shape the directions and patterns with which individuals view their lives to be unfolding over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The natural flavonoid pinocembrin shows antithrombotic activity and suppresses septic thrombosis

Sepsis, an extreme host response to systemic infection, remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Platelets, which are integral to both thrombosis and inflammation, play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Excessive platelet activation and aggregation significantly increase the risk of thrombosis, thereby elevating mortality in septic patients. However, the etiology and treatment of this condition have not been comprehensively studied. This study identifies pinocembrin, a natural flavonoid compound derived from propolis, as a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating platelet activation and treating sepsis. In vivo, pinocembrin effectively inhibited FeCl3-induced carotid arterial occlusive thrombus formation and collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary thromboembolism in mouse models. In vitro, pinocembrin treatment suppressed multiple facets of platelet activation, including aggregation, secretion, and αIIbβ3-mediated signaling events. Mechanistically, pinocembrin repressed platelet functions by inhibiting Src/Syk/PLCγ2/MAPK signaling pathway. Using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse model to simulate human sepsis, pinocembrin reduced inflammatory cytokine release and septic thrombosis, thereby improving the survival rate of septic mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model further substantiated these results. Overall, the inhibition of platelet activity by pinocembrin demonstrates significant therapeutic potential for managing life-threatening septic thrombosis.

An Overview of Caribbean and African Literary Theories

As it is believed, Africa is the cradle of humankind, where humans also left for other parts of the world during the slave trade and also during World War I and II. At the abolition of the slave trade, many African descendants settled where they could call home, like in the Caribbean islands and other parts of the world, as a result of the ancestral and cultural attachment between Africa and the places where the descendants of the slaves where we could see some similarities in their ways of life. We can see these facts also translate into the African and Caribbean writers' literary works, among other spheres of life. The analyses show that while both literatures share common concerns related to colonial legacy and the quest for identity, they are distinguished by unique historical and socio-political contexts that influence their narrative perspectives. For example, African literature tends to focus more on the effects of colonization and decolonization on the African continent, while Caribbean literature often emphasizes the dynamics of the diaspora and the multiple facets of Caribbean identity. In addition, this study examines the use of language and literary techniques specific to each region, as well as the contributions of major literary figures such as aimé Césaire, Léopold Sédar Senghor, Monique Ilboudo, Werewe Liking, Wole Soyinka, Maryse Condé and many others. Finally, this comparison offers a deeper understanding of the richness and diversity of postcolonial literature while highlighting the unique voices and shared experiences of African and Caribbean writers.