Multiple Domes Research Articles

Speech intelligibility evaluation of small-scale mosque with multiple domes design

PurposeMosques are built with dome-shaped ceilings for communal worship with common architectural styles worldwide for prayer. Since the acoustics of worship buildings are just as significant as their aesthetics, they should enhance people’s sense of hearing. This study evaluates the speech intelligibility of a small mosque with multiple domes to determine the space acoustic conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation involved extensive literature reviews to collect relevant data to model the case study. The Enhanced Acoustics Simulator for Engineers (EASE) software program was used to integrate critical parameters such as the absorption coefficient of materials, dome shapes and the number of domes in the simulation. The study employed speech intelligibility parameters such as C50, S.T.I. and %ALcons to assess the acoustic conditions. The assessment model was validated through statistical analysis and a paired t-test.FindingsThe study discovered that varying shapes of the multiple domes showed no significant impact on speech intelligibility. However, different multiple domes materials resulted in significant disparities in speech intelligibility. Applying high-absorption materials in multiple dome designs achieved the most effective acoustic performance. Except for C50 in some circumstances and receiver positions, all other alternatives met the optimal value for overall speech intelligibility because the sound was not sufficiently diffused early on, suggesting that the early reflection sounds were either weak or insufficient.Originality/valueThis study not only helps to determine the multiple-dome effect on mosque acoustics but also empowers archaeoacoustics and historic conservation by documenting these significant places of worship. The findings advocate using high-absorption materials in multiple dome designs and offer practical insight into mosque design material selection. By enhancing the understanding of the acoustic conditions in small-scale mosques, this study equips architects, engineers and builders with the knowledge to create spaces prioritizing speech clarity and intelligibility.

Homoeopathic treatment of molluscum contagiosum: A case report

Introduction: The prevalence of molluscum contagiosum is estimated to be around 8000 cases per 100,000 annually. Molluscum contagiosum is a common disease that tends to affect children and immunocompromised adults. Most cases of molluscum contagiosum will clear up naturally within two years (usually within nine months). So long as the skin growths are present, there is a possibility of transmitting the infection to another person. When the growths are gone, the possibility of spreading the infection is ended, so a treatment approach which could cure the disease in a shorter period of time compared to its mean duration of course is always warranted.Case report: We present a case of 7 years old female child suffering from multiple dome – shaped, dimpled centre, pearly eruptions on face for 15 days. The patient was diagnosed by carefully observing the appearance of her lesions, which were flesh-coloured, dome-shaped, and pearly in appearance, 1–5 mm in diameter, with a dimple in centre. So, depending on the totality of symptoms of the patient, she was prescribed with Bacillinum 200/3 doses and asked to report after 1 month. The patient attended the OPD after 1 month and there was complete disappearance of the eruptions on her face.Conclusion: Homoeopathy is a system of medicine where we treat the patient as a whole and not the disease and this case is a simple demonstration of the fact that homoeopathy can be very effective in the treatment of viral infections such as Molluscum Contagiosum in a shorter period of time compared to the conventional modern mode of treatment.

Determining the Tectonic Origin of the Gara and Mateen Anticlines Using Geomorphological and Structural Forms, Iraqi Kurdistan Region

Gara and Mateen are 2 major anticlines in the northern part of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region, located in the vicinity of the town Amadiyah. Both anticlines are oriented in an almost east–west (E–W) trend with a steep southern limb. The length and width of the Gara and Mateen anticlines are 87 km and 63 km, and 11 km and 9.5 km, respectively. The 2 anticlines are separated by a wide and shallow syncline filled by the Tertiary rocks of the Pliocene–Pleistocene age. The oldest exposed rocks in the Gara and Mateen anticlines are from the Triassic age. The carapace of both anticlines is built up by the Bekhme and Qamchuqa formations. The geomorphological and structural features were studied through satellite images and geological maps. Based on these studies, it was found that both anticlines show clear geomorphological and structural features that indicate their lateral growth. Among those features are water and wind gaps, different shapes of valleys that indicate lateral growth, abandoned alluvial fans, whale-back shapes, en-echelon plunges, and multiple dome anticlines. Furthermore, the rate of upward movements was calculated using neotectonic data. In addition, the rate of river and stream incisions was calculated on the basis of the height of the river terrace levels.

Subglacial sediment pathways and deglacial chronology of the northern Barents Sea Ice Sheet

New information is presented on the configuration of the northern Barents Sea Ice Sheet (BSIS) during the last glacial and deglaciation (21–11.5 ka). The glacial dynamics of the BSIS that we discuss are based on clay‐mineral compositions of subglacial tills and a distinct kaolinite source in the central Barents Sea where previous workers have placed a large, single ice dome for the last glacial BSIS. Our results, which appear to show that subglacial sediments were sourced locally, suggest that the BSIS consisted at least temporarily of multiple domes and may have been more dynamic than previously thought. New radiocarbon dates are presented along with new ice‐extent reconstructions for 16.5–15, 14, 13.5 and 11.5 ka. Our reconstructions add information to previous regional and continental‐scale efforts in areas east of Svalbard. Ice retreat in the northern Barents Sea progressed as follows. (i) 19–16.5 ka. Major calving led to dynamic thinning in shelf troughs and was accompanied by significant ice‐sheet thinning inland as a result of ice drawdown. (ii) 16.5–15 ka. Rapid ice‐margin retreat of between 75–100 km occurred, via lift‐off and iceberg calving, in Hinlopen and Kvitøya troughs, as well as major retreat (>300 km) in Franz Victoria Trough (FVT) further east. (iii) 15–13.5 ka. Retreat progressed westwards from the FVT towards Svalbard with troughs east of Svalbard (Kvitøya, Olga, and Erik Eriksen) mostly ice‐free by 13.5 ka. (iv) 13.5–11.5 ka. Ice retreated gradually towards residual ice masses on Svalbard, Kong Karls Land and possibly Storbanken. Our data require a modification of earlier views of the BSIS because they point toward a more dynamic ice sheet and decay that, once initiated at the shelf break, was dominated by the withdrawal of ice from the FVT that progressed westwards towards the Svalbard archipelago.

Investigations on sound energy decays and flows in a monumental mosque.

This work investigates the sound energy decays and flows in the Süleymaniye Mosque in İstanbul. This is a single-space superstructure having multiple domes. The study searches for the non-exponential sound energy decay characteristics. The effect of different material surfaces and volumetric contributions are investigated using acoustic simulations and in situ acoustical measurements. Sound energy decay rates are estimated by Bayesian decay analysis. The measured data reveal double- or triple-slope energy decay profiles within the superstructure. To shed light on the mechanism of energy exchanges resulting in multi-slope decay, spatial sound energy distributions and energy flow vectors are studied by diffusion equation model (DEM) simulations. The resulting sound energy flow vector maps highlight the contribution of a sound-reflective central dome contrasted with an absorptive carpeted floor in providing delayed energy feedback. In contrast, no multi-slope energy decay pattern is observed in DEM simulations with a bare marble floor, which generates a much more diffuse sound field than in the real situation with a carpeted floor. The results demonstrate that energy fragmentation, in support of the non-exponential energy decay profile, is due to both the sound absorption characteristics of materials and to their distributions, as well as to relations between the subvolumes of the mosque's interior.

Multiple-slope sound energy decay investigations in single space enclosures with specific geometrical and material attributes

Acoustical coupling until now has basically been studied to define the peculiar sound field within acoustically coupled enclosures in which multiple-slope energy decays can often be observed. The key concern of this study is to reveal the potential of multiple-slope energy decay formation in over-size single space structures with particular geometry and distribution of materials in different acoustical performance characteristics. Specifically, multiple dome superstructures, composed of one central dome supported by semi-domes and transitional elements, are selected for the case studies. The interpretation of the acquired data is carried in order to broaden the definition of “the coupled volume system” with an emphasis on invisible sources and apertures of acoustical coupling in a “single volume system.” The methodology of the research involves joint use of in-situ acoustical measurements, acoustical modeling/simulation methods, and computational analyses. Bayesian analysis approach is applied in quantify...

Kinematic characteristics of pyroclastic density currents at Merapi and controls on their avulsion from natural and engineered channels

Research Article| May 01, 2011 Kinematic characteristics of pyroclastic density currents at Merapi and controls on their avulsion from natural and engineered channels Gert Lube; Gert Lube † 1Volcanic Risk Solutions, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand †E-mail: g.lube@massey.ac.nz Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Shane J. Cronin; Shane J. Cronin 1Volcanic Risk Solutions, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Jean-Claude Thouret; Jean-Claude Thouret 2Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC) et Institut de recherche pour le developpement (IRD), 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Surono Surono 3Center of Volcanology and Geologic Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), Jalan Diponogero, Bandung 40122, Java, Indonesia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (2011) 123 (5-6): 1127–1140. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30244.1 Article history received: 05 Jan 2010 rev-recd: 31 Aug 2010 accepted: 18 Sep 2010 first online: 08 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Gert Lube, Shane J. Cronin, Jean-Claude Thouret, Surono; Kinematic characteristics of pyroclastic density currents at Merapi and controls on their avulsion from natural and engineered channels. GSA Bulletin 2011;; 123 (5-6): 1127–1140. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B30244.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract We herein report an example of pyroclastic density current avulsion on 14 June 2006 at Merapi, Indonesia. Four discrete series of multiple dome collapses led to the generation of four individual block-and-ash flows into Kali Gendol valley. All four pyroclastic density currents locally overflowed the channel margins to devastate cultivated terraces along each side of the box-shaped canyon while propagating as much as 2.2 km within adjacent tributaries. The largest destruction was caused by the second and third pyroclastic density currents. Both of these flows partially spilled out of the Gendol valley at a travel distance of 4.9 km, bypassing a sabo dam just upstream of the village of Kaliadem and leaving the village almost completely destroyed and buried by several meters of overbank deposits.The main mechanism of flow avulsion on June 14 was the overflow of up to 20 vol% of the dense, basal part of the pyroclastic density currents onto interfluves. The relative proportions of valley-escaped material increased dramatically in the succession of each of the four pyroclastic density currents. The main geometric parameters controlling flow avulsion and their critical values were quantified through high-resolution real-time kinetic–global positioning system (RTK-GPS) data of the pre-event topography for each of the 14 June flows. This case highlights the way in which a sabo dam can significantly increase the potential of flow avulsion. Key lessons are derived for the future hazard mitigation in valleys subject to volcanic mass flows. Flow-observational and geometric data are combined into a model to derive the kinematic characteristics of the basal, valley-ponding avalanche and the valley-escaping veneer flows, which are otherwise hidden by overriding clouds of elutriated ash. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

The Importance of Plan Unit Design with Reference to Pedentive Dome Mosque Architecture in Early Ottoman Period in Balkan Region and Anatolia

This study analyses development of pedentive dome plan unit design in Ottoman mosques built from 13th to 15th centuries (Early Ottoman Period). An expansion of new territories ruled under Ottoman Empire in Eastern Europe (Balkan Region) and Anatolia yields an influence of Turkish mosque style to the regional architecture. The Ottoman rulers had granted construction of many new mosques to cope with increasing number of the Muslim population. There are many studies about Ottoman mosque architecture done before but these studies fall short in terms of studying the development in plan unit design and its influence to the form of the mosques as a whole. This research aims to study evolution of the plan design to the extent to which it affects the plan layout. The study applies qualitative method of analysis. The survey has conducted over 51 mosques in this region, and it analyses possible variations of the evolution to the plan designs which are derived from pedentive dome mosque style. The study finds that there are six categories of the plan designs which are single dome plan, earring dome plan, multiple dome plan, duplication dome plan, courtyard dome plan and earring-courtyard dome plan. Primary domes, secondary domes and semi-domes are identified as the factors which influence variations of the plan units. Pedentive dome mosque architecture in this period is derived from six plan designs which typify development of the mosque architecture in Ottoman Empire.

Initiation and characterization of primary mouse kidney epithelial cultures

Primary cultures of murine renal epithelial cells were established from a preparation of proximal tubule fragments. Confluent cultures exhibited multiple dome formation, indicating the presence of tight junctions and an intact transcellular transport process. Ultrastructural analysis revealed a monolayer of polarized cells, with a sparse but clearly defined microvillar surface facing the growth medium and a basolateral surface attached to the substratum. Cultures grown on collagen gels did not show domes. The epithelial monolayer exhibited several differentiated functions of the proximal tubule: a) parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated cAMP synthesis; b) production of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; c) high alkaline phosphatase activity; and d) Na+-dependent transport of phosphate (Pi) and alpha-methylglucoside (alpha-MG). The sugar uptake was selectively inhibited by phlorizin, a competitive inhibitor of glucose uptake at the luminal membrane. Kinetic analysis revealed independent transport systems for Pi and alpha-MG, with Km values corresponding to the high affinity systems identified in brush border membrane vesicles derived from the proximal tubule. Pi uptake by the epithelial monolayers was regulated by the concentration of Pi in the growth medium. Phorbol esters and PTH did not exert an effect on Pi and alpha-MG transport in mouse primary cultures. The present study demonstrates that primary cultures provide a useful in vitro preparation to investigate renal proximal tubular function.

Interdome interactions in cutaneous type I receptors.

The encoder characteristics of cat, hairy skin, slowly adapting Type I receptors were studied by activating them with 'swept period' grating stimuli. A typical stimulus featured a minimum scan period of 0.3 mm, a maximum scan period of 2.0 mm, and a total of 40 grates. Using these stimuli, single domes could easily encode the temporal frequency (1/period*scan velocity) of a grate, regardless of the scan velocity or direction. Receptors with multiple domes could not encode the temporal frequency of a swept-period stimulus unless the instantaneous grate period matched a receptor's intrinsic ability to encode the stimulus. When this criterion was met, the temporal frequency of the stimulus was encoded in the bursting rate of the receptor's action potential event stream.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Sugar uptake into a primary culture of dog kidney proximal tubular cells.

We describe the functional characteristics of a new primary culture system derived from a suspension of dog proximal tubular cells. The culture system is maintained on alpha minimal essential medium with 15% fetal calf serum supplementation. At confluency the cultured cells demonstrate the following: (i) typical epithelial morphology using light microscopy, with multiple dome formation inhibited by ouabain; (ii) strong binding with a polyclonal antibody directed against dog proximal tubular brush border membrane antigens; (iii) high concentration of alkaline phosphatase activity by histochemical staining; and (iv) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3)-24-hydroxylase activity. Sugar transport was assessed using alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (alpha MG), a nonmetabolizable analog of D-glucose, as well as L-glucose, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3OMG). The transport of alpha MG was stereospecific; temperature sensitive; inhibited strongly by phlorizin but not by cytochalasin B, phloretin, or 3OMG; and Na dependent. The transport of 3OMG is stereospecific, temperature sensitive, and inhibited strongly by phloretin and cytochalasin B, but not by phlorizin. Despite the apparent heterogeneity of cell type, this primary culture system exhibits many features of normal dog proximal tubule function.

Hudson Bay river sediments and regional glaciation: III. Implications of mineralogical studies for Wisconsinan and earlier ice-flow patterns

Mineralogical studies of river sediments from the Hudson Bay and James Bay Lowlands suggest that the glacial erosion of pre-Devonian Paleozoic carbonate rocks played an important role in the production of calcite-enriched debris in the Cape Henrietta Maria watershed. Ice flowing southwesterly across Devonian basins in western Hudson Bay and the James Bay Lowlands would largely bypass the intervening cape area.Enrichment of iron in river sands of the cape watershed is attributed to Proterozoic ferruginous sources now largely submerged under the waters of eastern Hudson Bay. Distributional patterns of carbonates and iron indicate that the dominant flow of ice from eastern Hudson Bay was southwesterly toward Cape Henrietta Maria, without major flow from the area of Proterozoic bedrock into the Nelson River watershed. In the cape area, iron enrichment due to Proterozoic sources significantly overshadows possible contributions from siderite-bearing Devonian bedrock.The fluvial sediment data are consistent with a multiple dome model of glaciation with ice mass centres located east and west of Hudson Bay. However, quartz/(total carbonate) ratios indicate that, if independent ice masses existed in this configuration, the dominant position of their contact should be placed north of the Churchill–Nelson watershed boundary. Indications of K-feldspar enrichment in Churchill sands are not evident in cape localities where ice flow was southwesterly.Rivers sands are composite channel samples of a drift cover that includes several pre-Wisconsinan tills as well as Wisconsinan deposits. Well defined regional patterns of composite (fluvial) sediment composition suggest a consistency in dominant regional ice movements through time. Similarities between regional drift dispersal limits based on these composite sediments and on pebble dispersal patterns for Wisconsinan tills further indicate that dominant ice-flow patterns in central Canada were probably similar for Wisconsinan and earlier glaciations.

Solar-heated-air receivers

Receiver design alternatives for a central tower, heat-air receiver of a solar/gas turbine electrical generation plant are considered. Apertured and unapertured, domed-surface and -cavity receivers are examined and losses such as incident flux reflection and reradiation from the receiver are included. The receiver, constructed of ceramic domes that are individually cooled by impingement-jet heat-transfer techniques, is designed to supply heated air at 1800°F and operate in a pressurized condition at a pressure ratio of four. It is shown that high thermal conversion efficiencies (80–90%) may be achieved with cavity receivers where the interior cavity surfaces are formed from single or multiple domes. The efficiencies of surface receiver elements are found to be substantially less than those of cavities, from 54 to 70 per cent. The difference lies in the higher reradiation flux losses of surface receivers.