Multiple Dimensions Of Diversity Research Articles

Preface to the Special Issue on African Flora in a Changing World: Integrating multiple dimensions of diversity

Preface to the Special Issue on African Flora in a Changing World: Integrating multiple dimensions of diversity

Diversity and Inclusion Under Pressure: Building Relational Resilience into Humanitarian Operations

In this essay, our analysis takes important insights on diversity and inclusion from the behavioral literature but critically contextualizes them against the reality of humanitarian operations. Humanitarian operations are characterized by system immanent diversity, particularly between local and expatriate aid workers, who not only bring valuable different perspectives to the table but also differ along multiple dimensions of diversity into a so-called diversity faultline. Such a faultline, however, provides fertile ground for continued conflict resulting in relational fractures and, ultimately, inefficient collaboration. While, in theory, inclusion could help overcome the negative effects of faultlines, in practice, the time pressure for humanitarian organizations to quickly respond to disasters makes it effectively impossible to engage in it. Against this background, we argue, humanitarian organizations should take preemptive action before disaster strikes. Specifically, we posit that the pre-disaster phase presents an opportunity to engage in inclusion in order to cultivate relational resilience between local and expatriate aid workers. Such resilience would enable them to not only better weather the inevitable relational fractures during a disaster response (and thus stay more functional throughout), but also quickly realign with each other in the post-disaster phase. We conclude with a set of concrete recommendations for practicing inclusion in the pre-disaster phase.

Ecosystem Activation in Latin America

In March 2023, one hundred and sixty leaders and change-makers from fourteen countries across Latin America participated in a four-day gathering held by the Presencing Institute called the Ecosystem Leadership Program (ELP) in Latin America. A system of scholarship and support was created to ensure the event was inclusive and representative of the region’s diversity. The program is striking as an example of grassroots action taking place at scale. In this dialogue, six members of the holding team engage in a facilitated conversation about what it takes to weave together multiple dimensions of diversity and push the boundaries of inclusion.

The ecological functions of dung beetles are shaped by multiple dimensions of diversity

Abstract A mechanistic understanding of the relationship between multiple dimensions of species diversity and ecosystem functioning is needed to safeguard ecological processes critical to human well‐being. We evaluated how taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversities, as well as the assembly mechanisms of dung beetle communities, percent forest cover and landscape fragmentation, affect dung burial, soil excavation efficiency and dung fly larvae abundance in Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, a complex tropical landscape. Dung beetle functions were measured in 15 landscapes representing a gradient of forest cover loss (0%–100%). Phylogenetically clustered assemblages of large tunneler dung beetles showed the highest dung burial efficiency across the landscape. Fly larvae abundance was negatively correlated with the taxonomic diversity and functional evenness of dung beetles. Forest cover and landscape fragmentation did not significantly affect dung burial effectiveness, suggesting a high degree of functional redundancy. Dung burial efficacy is mainly driven by selection mechanisms, in which a single or a few phylogenetically close species disproportionately affect a given function. Fly larvae abundance was controlled by a complementary functional effect where each dung beetle species additively affected fly larvae survival. Hence, multiple functions are maintained by contrasting mechanisms and different diversity dimensions. High dung beetle species richness may foster pest fly control in tropical landscapes such as Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve. Our findings highlight the need to assess multiple dimensions of diversity since each can operate concurrently and contrastingly on the different ecological functions of species assemblages.

Critical role of multidimensional biodiversity in contributing to ecosystem sustainability under global change

The 21st century has seen an acceleration of global change, including climate change, elevated carbon dioxide, nitrogen deposition, and land-use intensification, which poses a significant threat to ecosystem functioning. Nevertheless, studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) have consistently demonstrated that biodiversity enhances ecosystem functioning and its stability, even in variable environmental conditions. These findings potentially indicate the critical role of biodiversity in promoting sustainable provisioning of ecosystem functioning under global change. Our paper provides a comprehensive review of current BEF research and the response of BEF to multiple global change factors. We demonstrate that (1) assessing the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning requires consideration of multiple dimensions of diversity, such as diversity across multiple trophic levels (plants, animals, and microbes), multiple facets (taxonomy, functional traits, and phylogeny), and multiple spatial scales (local, regional, and landscape scales). (2) The interaction of multiple global change factors may lead to a greater reduction in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning than a single global change factor. (3) Multidimensional biodiversity regulates the response of ecosystem functioning to global change factors, indicating that high levels of multidimensional biodiversity can mitigate the negative impacts of global change on ecosystem functioning. Overall, we emphasize that recognizing the importance of multidimensional biodiversity is critical for sustaining ecosystem functioning. Therefore, prioritizing conservation efforts to maintain and enhance all dimensions of biodiversity is essential to address the challenges of future global change.

Future of Gender Equity in Healthcare

Globally there is an increasing participation of women in the general workforce, but the healthcare workforce has always had a higher proportion of women. It is estimated that the majority of the 75% of women who constitute the global health workforce mostly occupy the lower ranks. Among doctors, women are under-represented in positions of power and influence. This article aims to increase awareness of factors that impede the potential of women doctors, and considers initiatives that could be implemented in the healthcare sector to address the gender inequality, including a fair representation in positions of leadership and influence. Although this article will focus primarily on issues related to gender equality, the author recognises the impact of intersectionality of the factors that contribute to differential attainment. Diverse workforces tend to perform better in productivity, innovation, balanced decision-making and job satisfaction. There is research suggesting that women doctors have better communication skills, spend more time with patients, adhere better to guidelines and may even have better outcomes in healthcare decision-making. Women tend to anchor their leadership in purpose and impact rather than personal ambitions or power; demonstrate emotional intelligence in inspiring their teams, and promote collaborative working in the interest of the organisations they lead. There is an opportunity to learn from initiatives that promote women in leadership roles, as well as published reviews that encourage organisations to address gender disparity in pay and positions of influence. Now is the time to add the multiple dimensions of diversity and intersectionality to this initiative for gender equality and justice in the medical workforce. Keywords: Equity, leadership, woman doctor

Beyond species loss: How anthropogenic disturbances drive functional and phylogenetic homogenization of Neotropical dung beetles

Anthropogenic activities drive tropical forest loss and biodiversity decay. However, few studies have addressed how the biodiversity response varies between disturbance-adapted species (i.e., winners) and those highly susceptible to disturbance (i.e., losers), or whether such responses differ between the taxonomic, functional, or phylogenetic dimensions of diversity. Understanding these dynamics can help prevent or buffer biotic homogenization processes. Using a meta-analytical approach with dung beetles as model organisms, we evaluated how anthropogenic habitat disturbances influence the multiple diversity dimensions of winner and loser species relative to conserved forest sites in the Neotropics. Habitats were organized according to a disturbance gradient ranging from second-growth forests, shaded agroforestry, lowly-shaded agroforestry, living fences, and pastures. Our database included 30 studies, from which we calculated nine metrics divided into three alfa diversity aspects: richness, evenness, and divergence. We also evaluated the beta-diversity response to disturbance and forest protection. All dimensions of dung beetle diversity decreased significantly with increasing disturbance levels, with phylogenetic diversity showing the highest losses, whereas evenness metrics increased in second-growth forests and agroforestry systems. Loser dung beetles showed high diversity loss as well as functional and phylogenetic clustering, reflecting a pervasive biotic homogenization in the most severely disturbed habitats, whereas winner species were insensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. Beta diversity increased significantly with disturbance and forest protection. Our study showed that heavy disturbances erode and homogenized all diversity dimensions of loser dung beetles. However, second-growth forests and agroforestry systems mitigated diversity loss and homogenization processes by favoring the coexistence between functional and phylogenetically distant species and maintaining assemblages compositionally similar to those in conserved forests, highlighting their importance for conservation. We encourage natural resource managers to consider protection of disturbed off-reserve forests in management schemes as these are essential for maintaining biodiversity in an increasingly anthropized world.

Bioindicators of edge effects within Atlantic Forest remnants: Conservation implications in a threatened biodiversity hotspot

AbstractAimDeforestation of the Atlantic Forest of eastern Paraguay has been recent but extensive, resulting in a fragmented landscape highly influenced by forest edges. We examined edge effects on multiple dimensions of small mammalian diversity.LocationForest fragments of eastern Paraguayan Atlantic Forest.MethodsWe trapped small mammal species at different distances from the forest edge (DTE) in reserves and estimated multiple dimensions of diversity per site. Similarity analysis identified species clusters that best described the patterns of diversity across reserves. Multivariate ordination and linear mixed models were used to determine the influence of DTE on various dimensions of small mammal diversity.ResultsThere was an increase in richness and abundance along a DTE gradient, and remnants with higher edge:area ratios showed higher richness and abundance, independent of remnant size. Species at edges were generalists, open‐habitat species or exotic species (spillover effect). We found higher phylogenetic diversity and functional richness and divergence towards forest edges. Spillover of non‐forest and invasive species best explained richness, generalist forest species best explained total abundance, abundance of Hylaeamys megacephalus best explained diversity and evenness metrics and the presence of Marmosa paraguayana best explained various phylogenetic diversity models. None of the models that included megafauna or social factors were shown to be important in explaining patterns as a function of DTE.Main ConclusionsWe found strong support for a spillover effect and mixed support for complementary resource use and enhanced habitat resources associated with ecotones. Generalists characterized edge assemblages but not all generalists were equivalent. Edges showed more phylogenetically and functionally distinct assemblages than the interior of remnants. There was a conservation of functional diversity; however, open‐habitat species, habitat generalists and exotic species boosted diversity near forest edges. Mechanisms governing diversity along forest edges are complex; disentangling those mechanisms necessitates the use of multiple dimensions of diversity.

Global patterns and drivers of raptor phylogenetic and functional diversity

AbstractAimRaptors, a highly threatened but ecologically important group of birds, have been recognized as a good proxy for overall biodiversity in conservation planning. However, previous work on raptor diversity focused predominantly on taxonomic diversity. Here, we assess the global patterns of raptor taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity and their association with current and historical environmental factors.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedRaptors.MethodsWe compiled information from distribution maps, global trait datasets and avian phylogenies for all extant raptors. We used generalized least squares (GLS) to assess the relationship between historical and contemporary environmental predictors and species richness, phylogenetic diversity [Faith's phylogenetic diversity index (Faith's PD), mean pairwise distance (MPD) and mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD)] and functional diversity of traits related to raptor morphology, lifestyles, diet, foraging and vagility, while controlling for spatial autocorrelation.ResultsRaptor taxonomic diversity peaked in tropical regions and nearby mountain ranges. After controlling for species richness, species‐poor assemblages in high latitudes and deserts were more phylogenetically and functionally diverse than expected by chance. In species‐rich assemblages, diet and foraging traits had greater variation, whereas morphological traits had less variation than expected, suggesting that species packing promoted adaptive radiation in these assemblages. Historical climate influenced phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity of morphological, foraging and diet traits, leaving a signal of evolutionary history on modern assemblages. Human footprint was also an important driver of MPD and of niche and vagility trait functional diversity, with higher phylogenetic diversity in disturbed areas and with higher functional diversity in regions with intermediate levels of disturbance.Main conclusionsBoth palaeoclimate and contemporary environmental conditions are important drivers of raptor phylogenetic and functional diversity. We found large mismatches among taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, demonstrating how different processes filter lineages and species traits shaping raptor assemblages. Our results highlight the need to consider multiple dimensions of diversity to inform conservation planning better when using raptors as umbrella species.

The management effectiveness of protected areas in Kenya

Merely designating new and/or expanding existing protected areas (PAs) does not guarantee the protection of critical ecosystems and species. The management of PAs must be effective to sustain meaningful conservational outcomes. We inferred the management effectiveness of PAs in Kenya based on the representation of ranges and distribution of multiple diversity dimensions of terrestrial mammals and their association with governance and designation types. We hypothesized that different governance types underlie variable management efficacies, such that stricter-managed PAs have better habitats that attract more wildlife, translating to higher species diversity compared to less strictly-managed PAs, especially for focal species groups (large carnivores, large herbivores, and endangered species). The results showed nearly all terrestrial mammals in Kenya represented in at least one PA. However, the relative proportion of represented ranges were low, and analysis of spatial conservation prioritization showed significant expansion beyond current PAs needed to achieve a one third coverage of focal species’ ranges in a best-solution reserve system. Differences in PA governance and designation types were not systematically associated with diversity variances, and while there were more unique species in state-managed PAs than in privately-managed ones, averaged diversity coefficients were comparable between categories. Diversity variances explained by PA size and status year were low in a combined species pool but increased in focal species groups. These findings suggest that success in terrestrial mammal conservation in PAs in Kenya require clearly and formally streamlined definition, performance feedback, and collaboration terms between state-managed and privately-managed PAs.

Differential speciation rates, colonization time and niche conservatism affect community assembly across adjacent biogeographical regions

AbstractAimTo test the importance of evolutionary and biogeographical processes in shaping the assembly of local frog communities in two adjacent regions (hereafter, coastal and inland regions) with different historical signatures. We asked two main questions: (1) why does the coastal region harbour more frog species than the inland region? and (2) how do these processes affect the spatial variation in taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversities within and across these regions?Locationsoutheastern Brazil.TaxonAnurans.MethodsWe generated time‐calibrated phylogenies to estimate the relative timing of colonization, rates of speciation, extinction and dispersal between regions. We tested the phylogenetic signal in reproductive modes. These traits were also used to examine variation in functional composition across sites. We calculated metrics of phylogenetic community structure that capture the relationships near the root and tips of the tree. Finally, we tested the relationships between the spatial variation of multiple diversity dimensions and topographic complexity, Pleistocene and contemporary climate gradients for three spatial extents: (1) only coastal sites; (2) only inland sites; and (3) the two regions combined.ResultsThe structure of communities was related to the region in which they are located, with regional pool size being two times greater for the coastal than inland region. This pattern seems to reflect both a higher speciation rate and earlier colonization time in the coastal than in the inland region. Reproductive modes within frog genera were less variable than among families, indicating phylogenetic signal. This pattern influenced local community assembly within the inland region due to the absence of species with direct development, tadpoles in bromeliads or eggs and tadpoles in streams in this region.Main conclusionsMacroevolutionary dynamics, such as colonization time, differences in speciation rates and niche conservatism generate the disparity in species richness and assembly patterns of local communities between regions, but not within regions, in which local communities were more similar to each other.

Environmental correlates of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in the Atlantic Forest

AbstractAimThere is little consensus on which environmental variables are best at predicting multiple dimensions of diversity. We ask whether there are common environmental correlates of diversity, despite ecological differences, across nine clades of plants and animals distributed along a single rainforest domain. For that, we compare the environmental correlates of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and phylogenetic endemism.LocationBrazilian Atlantic Forest.Taxon:Five clades of plants (Bromelioideae, Miconieae, Bertolonia, Cambessedesieae, and the Fridericia and allies) and four clades of animals (butterlies in the tribe Ithomiini, frogs in the genera Boana and Proceratophrys, and birds in the subfamily Thraupinae).MethodsUsing curated occurrence localities and phylogenetic data, we generated maps of (a) species richness, (b) phylogenetic diversity, (c) residuals of phylogenetic diversity regressed on species richness, and (d) phylogenetic endemism for all groups. We also compiled a set of 30 environmental descriptors, including records of current temperature and precipitation, climatic stability over time, and topography. Through a machine learning framework, we explored the environmental correlates of each of these diversity measures for each group.ResultsThe environmental variables used here were strong predictors of diversity for all studied groups. However, models for phylogenetic endemism had lower predictive power. Although patterns of diversity are different among groups, correlates of diversity are consistent across taxa. For both species richness and phylogenetic diversity, current precipitation and precipitation stability over time were consistently ranked among the variables that strongly correlate with diversity patterns. The correlates of phylogenetic endemism were less homogeneous across groups. The results suggest that including climate stability over time is important when predicting diversity measures that reflect historical components.Main conclusionsInvestigating environmental correlates of diversity for multiple clades and diversity measures in a single geographic area allows for a better understanding of common patterns across taxa. This study shows that environmental conditions, particularly precipitation, are good predictors of the patterns of species richness and phylogenetic diversity‐but not phylogenetic endemism‐across different Atlantic Forest groups.

Shade‐growing practices lessen the impact of coffee plantations on multiple dimensions of ant diversity

Abstract Land use management influence changes in biodiversity beyond the targeted species. Management practices in coffee plantations have shifted from coffee growing below accompanying (shade) trees, to intensified monocultures in which coffee grows fully exposed to the sun. Anthropogenic disturbance causes changes in species composition relative to adjacent natural patches and reduces their biotic heterogeneity. Here, we assessed the impact of coffee plantation management practices on the taxonomical, phylogenetic and functional composition of ant communities, an ecologically dominant group and crucial biological pest controller in these agroecosystems. We hypothesized that shade‐grown coffee plantations would harbour ant communities similar to those of nearby forest patches, but dissimilar to those of intensified monocultures. We surveyed ant diversity in eight shade‐grown coffee farms, eight intensive coffee monocultures and eight forest patches. We used a combination of active and passive sampling methods over two field campaigns spanning 6 months. Our results support our hypothesis for all diversity dimensions. Additionally, ant communities in intensified monocultures were taxonomically and functionally, but not phylogenetically, more homogeneous than those found in forest patches and shade‐grown plantations. Synthesis and applications. Our findings support the idea that practices in shade‐grown coffee plantations buffer the impoverishment of multiple diversity dimensions after forest conversion. Additionally, we identified that leaf‐litter depth and number of twigs mitigate ant diversity loss which, in turn, can favour the presence of potential biocontrol agents. By assessing and integrating multiple biodiversity dimensions into management strategies, farmers and interested parties can minimize future biodiversity and ecosystem service loss.

Diversity and Performance in Entrepreneurial Teams

We study the role of diversity and performance in the entrepreneurial teams. We exploit a unique dataset of MBA students who participated in a required course to propose and start a real micro-business that allows us to examine horizontal diversity (i.e., within the team) as well as vertical diversity (i.e., team to faculty advisor) and their effect on performance. The design of the course allows for identification of the causal implications of horizontal and vertical diversity. The course was run in multiple cohorts in otherwise identical formats except for the team formation mechanism used. In several cohorts, students were allowed to choose their teams from among students in their section (roughly 90 students). In other cohorts, students were randomly assigned to teams based upon a computer algorithm. In the cohorts that were allowed to choose, we find strong selection based upon shared attributes. Among the randomly-assigned teams, greater diversity along the intersection of gender and race/ethnicity significantly reduced performance. However, the negative effect of this diversity is alleviated in cohorts in which teams are endogenously formed. Finally, we find that teams with more female members perform substantially better when their faculty section leader was also female. Because the gender of the faculty section leader is exogenous to the gender make-up of the entrepreneurial team, the positive performance effects can be interpreted as causal. These findings suggest that diversity policies should take adequate consideration of the multiple dimensions of diversity.

What Does a Convection-Allowing Ensemble of Opportunity Buy Us in Forecasting Thunderstorms?

AbstractThe High Resolution Ensemble Forecast v2.1 (HREFv2.1), an operational convection-allowing model (CAM) ensemble, is an “ensemble of opportunity” wherein forecasts from several independently designed deterministic CAMs are aggregated and postprocessed together. Multiple dimensions of diversity in the HREFv2.1 ensemble membership contribute to ensemble spread, including model core, physics parameterization schemes, initial conditions (ICs), and time lagging. In this study, HREFv2.1 forecasts are compared against the High Resolution Rapid Refresh Ensemble (HRRRE) and the Multiscale data Assimilation and Predictability (MAP) ensemble, two experimental CAM ensembles that ran during the 5-week Spring Forecasting Experiment (SFE) in spring 2018. The HRRRE and MAP are formally designed ensembles with spread achieved primarily through perturbed ICs. Verification in this study focuses on composite radar reflectivity and updraft helicity to assess ensemble performance in forecasting convective storms. The HREFv2.1 shows the highest overall skill for these forecasts, matching subjective real-time impressions from SFE participants. Analysis of the skill and variance of ensemble member forecasts suggests that the HREFv2.1 exhibits greater spread and more effectively samples model uncertainty than the HRRRE or MAP. These results imply that to optimize skill in forecasting convective storms at 1–2-day lead times, future CAM ensembles should employ either diverse membership designs or sophisticated perturbation schemes capable of representing model uncertainty with comparable efficacy.

The drivers of multiple dimensions of stream macroinvertebrate beta diversity across a large montane landscape

AbstractEnvironmental filtering and spatial processes have been associated with variation in ecological communities and biodiversity; however, their relative importance on multiple dimensions of beta diversity has not been fully explored in montane streams. Here, we examined the relative contribution of local, catchment and climate environmental variables and spatial factors to variation in three dimensions of macroinvertebrate beta diversity in the upper Han River Basin. Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversities and their respective turnover and nestedness components were calculated for macroinvertebrate assemblages sampled in a total of 130 stream sites across a large mountainous landscape. We investigated the correlations between beta diversity facets using MSR‐Mantel procedure and then examined the relative influence of each set of ecological factors through redundancy analysis and variance partitioning. Our results revealed relatively low spatial congruence among beta diversity dimensions, indicating these diversity dimensions are independent measures which offer complementary information of community assembly. Beta diversity dimensions and components were best explained by spatial and local environmental factors, whereas the large‐scale catchment and climate factors appeared less influential. Moreover, spatial and environmental factors generally exerted different controls on beta diversity depending on the dimensions under consideration. Taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversities were more strongly determined by spatial factors via dispersal limitation, while functional beta diversity was mainly associated to local environments through habitat filtering. Our results challenge the perspective that using one diversity facet as a surrogate for others is enough, and highlight the need to integrate multiple diversity dimensions in metacommunity and biodiversity research.

The Contrasting Effects of Ethnic, Cultural and Immigrant Diversity on Entrepreneurship and Job Creation

This paper is the first one to examine empirically whether ethnic, cultural and immigrant population diversity within countries is favourable for entrepreneurship and job creation. Building on existing, yet disjointed theories on diversity, the paper provides insights as to why different types of diversity may have different effects on entrepreneurship. We test our predictions using multilevel modelling and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey of over 1.5 million people across 88 countries. We find that diversity boosts the number of start-ups and new businesses. Also, businesses hire more employees in countries that have a higher population share of skilled or unskilled immigrants due to skill complementarity. However, businesses are more likely to close down in countries with higher cultural or immigration diversity, likely due to market fragmentation. Our results show that small changes in diversity lead to significant changes in the probability of business survival and job creation. These results have important policy implications for countries seeking to toughen their immigration policies. Since societies will continue to become more diverse, considering the multiple dimensions of diversity will become ever more relevant for research and policymaking.

A vision for the next phase of JRST

A vision for the next phase of JRST

Boardroom nationality and gender diversity: Implications for corporate sustainability performance

Abstract Drawing on the agency theory perspective and following the recent calls to contemplate multiple dimensions of diversity simultaneously, this study intends to empirically investigate the effects of board diversity as a multifaceted phenomenon, specifically nationality and gender diversity on the extent of corporate sustainability performance in a developing country, namely, Palestine over the period 2013 to 2018. Empirical evidence on the connection between board diversity and corporate sustainability performance from countries influenced by cultural and traditional terms is remarkably limited. This study handled this research gap and went beyond the narrow and pre-conceived perspectives. Thereby, contributes theoretically and practically to the corporate sustainability literature by providing in-depth insights about board diversity and corporate sustainability-related activities as paradigmatic evidence from a developing country with an exceptional cultural environment of business. The ambiguous findings are often deemed a consequence of endogeneity problem. Therefore, to provide a thorough and profound analysis, two-step system GMM are performed. Additionally, our findings are robust since four proxies for nationality and gender diversity are employed. The results unveiled that corporate sustainability-related actions are positively and insignificantly affected by nationality and gender diversity. This weak nexus between the two mechanisms is widely attributed to so-called geographically proximate cultures and gender discrimination in the workplace. These empirical results provide a useful and multidimensional insights for regulatory parties, companies, and different groups of stakeholders to promote the link between board diversity and corporate sustainability beyond the current boundaries.

Limitations of Multicultural Supervision in Clinical Neuropsychology

Abstract Multicultural awareness, competency based clinical supervision, and the clinical neuropsychology subspecialties are areas of growing importance in the psychology field. Specific guidelines exist for multicultural practice, clinical supervision, as well as training in clinical neuropsychology. However, there are significantly fewer resources and training procedures that focus on multicultural supervision, very limited information regarding neuropsychology supervision, and almost non-existent resources that address multicultural considerations in clinical neuropsychology supervision. Objective: This Poster highlights the most important literature regarding general aspects of multicultural supervision in psychology, supervision in clinical neuropsychology, while also introducing ideas and considerations regarding the dire need of multicultural supervision in clinical neuropsychology. Method The authors reviewed the literature regarding general aspects of multicultural supervision in clinical psychology, supervision in clinical neuropsychology, and additionally highlighted the gaps related to supervision in multicultural neuropsychology. Finally, they introduced ideas to address some of the needs in the arena of supervision in multicultural neuropsychology. Discussion Available resources that explore, delineate, or evaluate competent multicultural supervision in clinical neuropsychology are absent. Partially, the limited understanding of - and research that focuses on - the influence of diversity in neuropsychological assessment and interventions might explain the lack of resources allotted to competent multicultural supervision in clinical neuropsychology. It is proposed that in clinical, neuropsychology supervisory process (as in therapy supervision) should include a culturally competent supervisor who can assist in the development of self-awareness, knowledge, and skills in order to provide interventions that understand, honor, and respect the clients’ multiple diversity dimensions.