Multiple Anchor Points Research Articles

Study on wall-slipping mechanism of nano-injection polymer under the constant temperature fields

Abstract Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and copper (Cu) were used as the polymer and substrate material to simulate the nano-injection molding process by molecular dynamics method. The results show that the PPS chain obeys Einstein’s diffusion law in the early stage of injection molding then deviates from it in the late stage due to the entanglement and limitation of surrounding nanoparticles. In addition, the process of conformational isomerization of polymer chains is accompanied by the twisting and stretching of fixed chains. There are two kinds of adhesion phenomena, one is the macromolecular slides violently in small areas of some sure nanoscale groove to form multiple anchor points. The other case involves multiple nano-grooves along the metal interface, the polymer chain slides and is bolted as multiple anchors in different grooves due to the exerted wall-drag effect on the neighboring chains. These two slipping and anchoring mechanisms are consistent with de Gennes’ slipping theory. Through the quantitative analysis of the influence of pressure on injection filling, it is found that injection pressure should be kept within a certain range to achieve the positive effect of molding.

Multi-site anchoring of single-molecule for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells with lead shielding

The emergence of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has greatly promoted the progress of photovoltaic technologies. The rapid development of PSCs has been driven by the advances in optimizing perovskite films and their adjacent interfaces. However, the polycrystalline perovskite layers in most highly efficientPSCsstill contain various defects that greatly limit photovoltaic performance and stability of the devices. Herein, we introduce a multifunctional additive ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonic sodium (EDTMPS) with multiple anchor points into the precursor of perovskite to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs and provide in-situ protection of lead leakage. The addition of EDTMPS acts as a crystal growth controller and passivation agent for perovskite films, thereby slowing down the crystallization rate of the film and obtaining high-quality perovskite films. Our study also provides an insight into how the modifier modulate the interfacial energy level arrangement as well as affect transfer of charge carriers and their recombination under photoinduced excitation. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single subcell with a working area of 0.255 cm2 increases significantly from 20.03% to 23.37%. Moreover, we obtained a PCE of 19.16% for the 25 cm2 module. Importantly, the unencapsulated EDTMP-modified PSCs exhibit better operational and thermal stability, as well as in-situ absorption of leaked lead ions.

Radar 2: Passive Spy Radar Detection and Localization Using COTS mmWave Radar

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radars have found applications in a wide range of domains, including human tracking, health monitoring, and autonomous driving, for their unobtrusive nature and high range accuracy. These capabilities, however, if used for malicious purposes, could also result in serious security and privacy issues. For example, a user’s daily life could be secretly monitored by a spy radar. Hence, there is a strong urge to develop systems that can detect and locate such spy radars. In this paper, we propose <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Radar</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , a practical system for passive spy radar detection and localization using a single commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) mmWave radar. Specifically, we propose a novel <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Frequency Component Detection</i> method to detect the existence of mmWave signals, distinguish between mmWave radar and WiGig signals using a waveform classifier based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), and localize spy radars using triangulation based on the detector’s observations at multiple anchor points. Not only does <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Radar</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> work for different types of mmWave radar, but it can also detect and localize multiple radars simultaneously. Finally, we performed extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Radar</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in various settings. Our evaluation results show that the radar detection rate is above 96% and the localization error is within 0.3m. The results also reveal that <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Radar</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is robust against various environmental factors (e.g., room layout and human activities).

The survivorship and factors affecting the outcome of the use of spring plates in multifragmentary posterior wall acetabular fractures at a single academic institution.

Multifragmentary posterior wall fractures are not uncommon after posterior hip fracture-dislocation. They can be elementary but are commonly associated with transverse acetabular fractures. Specific technical challenges are encountered when managing these fracture patterns. The loss of the posterior landmarks due to the associated comminution may render achieving an anatomical reduction and stable fixation difficult. The application of spring plates can provide a good buttress with multiple anchor points and creates a new cortex for the bridging plate. -To assess the outcome and survivorship of the use of spring plates for the fixation of multi-fragmentary posterior wall fractures. -To analyse the factors affecting the outcome of the fixation of these challenging injuries. We retrospectively reviewed all the patients who underwent posterior wall acetabular fixation using a spring plate between December 2009 and March 2020 at our institution. Forty-seven patients had a minimum follow-up of 1year and were included in the study with a mean age of 36 ± 10years (range:17-60) and a mean follow-up period of 4.4 ± 3.5years. Seventeen patients had an associated transverse acetabular fracture, and an anterior columnar screw was used for additional fixation. Functional outcome was assessed using the Oxford hip score (OHS). Radiological assessment was undertaken for the images done immediately post-operatively and at the last follow-up. Patients with advanced post-traumatic arthritis and complications such as avascular necrosis (AVN), nerve injuries, non-union, heterotopic ossification and fixation failure were identified. The hazard rate of re-operation on the native hip was estimated using the life tables. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to assess survival with THR or excision arthroplasty as an endpoint. Six patients underwent a total hip replacement: secondary to AVN in four and infection in two patients. The hazard of THR was estimated at 6% (SE = 0.02) during the first three years, then decreased dramatically afterwards. The five-year survival of native hip was 83% (SE = 0.06). Native hip was expected to survive for 10.67years (95% CI 9.49-11.83) without joint replacement. The mean OHS in our cohort was 33.66 (3-48), and 29 patients (61.70%) had an OHS of more than 30. The use of spring plates to fix multifragmentary posterior wall fractures has excellent mid-term results, high survivorship and a low complication rate. Combining an anterior columnar screw and a posterior spring plate has shown to be a suitable fixation construct in selected patients with associated transverse acetabular fractures. A longer-term follow-up with a larger cohort using this fixation construct is needed.

Deep Learning-Based Indoor Localization Using Multi-View BLE Signal.

In this paper, we present a novel Deep Neural Network-based indoor localization method that estimates the position of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) transmitter (tag) by using the received signals’ characteristics at multiple Anchor Points (APs). We use the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value and the in-phase and quadrature-phase (IQ) components of the received BLE signals at a single time instance to simultaneously estimate the angle of arrival (AoA) at all APs. Through supervised learning on simulated data, various machine learning (ML) architectures are trained to perform AoA estimation using varying subsets of anchor points. In the final stage of the system, the estimated AoA values are fed to a positioning engine which uses the least squares (LS) algorithm to estimate the position of the tag. The proposed architectures are trained and rigorously tested on several simulated room scenarios and are shown to achieve a localization accuracy of 70 cm. Moreover, the proposed systems possess generalization capabilities by being robust to modifications in the room’s content or anchors’ configuration. Additionally, some of the proposed architectures have the ability to distribute the computational load over the APs.

Ultrathin Twisty PdNi Alloy Nanowires as Highly Active ORR Electrocatalysts Exhibiting Morphology-Induced Durability over 200 K Cycles.

Even though the anion exchange membrane fuel cells have many advantages, the stability of their electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has remained remarkably poor. We report here on the ultrathin twisty PdNi-alloy nanowires (NWs) exhibiting a very low reaction overpotential with an E1/2 ∼ 0.95 V versus RHE in alkaline media maintained over 200 K cycles, the highest ever recorded for an electrocatalyst. The mass activity of the used NWs is >10 times higher than fresh commercial Pt/C. Therein, Ni improves the Pd d-band center for a more efficient ORR, and its leaching continuously regenerates the surface active sites. The twisty nanowire morphology imparts multiple anchor points on the electrode surface to arrest their detachment or coalescence and extra stability from self-entanglement. The significance of the NW morphology was further confirmed from the high-temperature durability studies. The study demonstrates that tailoring the number of contact points to the electrode-surface may help realize commercial-grade stability in the highly active electrocatalysts.

A Halpern type iteration with multiple anchor points in complete geodesic spaces with negative curvature

A Halpern type iteration with multiple anchor points in complete geodesic spaces with negative curvature

Thoracolumbar Dorsal Ramus Nerve Block Using Continuous Multiorifice Infusion Catheters: A Novel Technique for Postoperative Analgesia After Scoliosis Surgery.

This is a brief technical report about a novel regional anesthesia technique in which local anesthetic was deposited around the thoracolumbar dorsal rami nerves via 4 multiorifice pain catheters to obtain analgesia for posterior spinal fusion surgery on scoliosis patients. Scoliosis is the most common deformity of the spine. Currently, most surgeons prefer a dual rod, segmental spinal fixation system that allows multiple anchor points for attachment to the deformed spine. Scoliosis surgery is an extremely painful surgical procedure due to the large incision, surgical trauma to superficial and deep muscles of the back, and the insertion of pedicle screws and metal rods directly into the vertebral column. Postoperative pain management remains very challenging. Three patients presented with scoliosis. Intraoperatively, 4 multiorifice catheters were placed lateral to the implanted pedicle screws. Two catheters were placed on each side, and a continuous infusion of 0.2 % ropivacaine was initiated postoperatively to improve the patient's pain control. The catheters remained in place for 48 hours postoperatively and were removed by the surgical team. Gentle traction was applied similar to the way epidural catheters are removed. All 3 patients reported very low pain scores, low doses of opioid consumption, and satisfaction with their pain control throughout their hospitalization. Our study results suggest that a thoracolumbar dorsal ramus nerve block using continuous multiorifice infusion catheters significantly improved postoperative comfort and pain and that its implementation into a multimodal analgesic regimen is relatively easy to achieve.

Multidirectional Y-V Flap Capsulorrhaphy in Hallux Valgus Surgery

Although there are a number of techniques to address osseous deformity in hallux valgus surgery, the lateral soft tissue release and medial capsulorrhaphy are also important to a successful correction. Rebalancing the deforming forces is integral to a durable correction. We describe a new technique of multidirectional medial capsulorrhaphy that allows the surgeon to balance the soft tissue reliably in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. This described technique utilizes a Y-V flap configuration with multiple anchor points that can be tailored to the optimal tension and rotation to suit the individual deformity. Proper tensioning of the flap produces soft tissue balance and reduction of the sesamoids that is readily apparent with fluoroscopy. The technique is simple to perform and reproduce, and can be easily adopted and applied to any open hallux valgus procedure. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V.

Identifying the spatial structure of the tourist attraction system in South Korea using GIS and network analysis: An application of anchor-point theory

Abstract While social network analysis techniques have increasingly been applied in tourism research, limited effort has been devoted to attractions networks within a tourism destination. This study identified the spatial structure of the tourist attraction system in Seoul, South Korea. Based on anchor-point theory, social network analysis techniques with spatial statistics, such as local indicator of spatial autocorrelation (LISA), using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), were employed. Chinese Free Independent Tourist (FIT) data were used to compute the centrality measures from the 2015 International Visitor Survey. Results indicate that multiple anchor-points (i.e. attractions) can exist within a tourism destination. In addition, the spatial distribution patterns of the centralities were hierarchically structured and differentiated depending on the length of stay. These findings highlight the importance of examining the spatial structure of tourist attraction networks to better establish competitive tourism destination planning, development, and management strategies.

Mobility tracking in unknown correlated shadow fading wireless networks

In this study, the authors propose an algorithm for tracking of a mobile user and jointly estimate fading parameters of the wireless environment, e.g. the path-loss exponent. The authors use a state space dynamic model for the mobility of the device with a discrete Markov process for its acceleration and exploit only the received signal strength indication (RSSI) from multiple anchor points. They use particle filters for tracking, a maximum likelihood estimator for the path-loss exponent, and a Kalman filter for estimating of the shadow fading. The sequence of estimation procedures is done in one time step. The simulation comparison with similar methods illustrates a significant performance improvement by estimating the unknown fading parameters of RSSI.

Distributed All-IP Mobility Management Architecture Supported by the NDN Overlay

Two of the most promising candidate solutions for realizing the next-generation all-IP mobile networks are Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), which is the host-based and global mobility supporting protocol, and Proxy MIPv6 (PMIPv6), which is the network-based and localized mobility supporting protocol. However, the unprecedented growth of mobile Internet traffic has resulted in the development of distributed mobility management (DMM) architecture by the Internet engineering task force DMM working group. The extension of the basic MIPv6 and PMIPv6 to support their distributed and scalable deployment in the future is one of the major goals of the DMM working group. We propose an all-IP-based mobility management architecture that leverages the concept of Named Data Networking (NDN), which is a distributed content management and addressing architecture. In the proposed solution, mobility support services are distributed among multiple anchor points at the edge of the network, thereby enabling a flat architecture that exploits name-based routing in NDN. Our approach overcomes some of the major limitations of centralized IP mobility management solutions, by extending existing routing protocol and mobility management architecture, to distribute the mobility management function of anchor points in the IP network and optimize the transmission path of mobile traffic.

Three Dimensional Correction of Severe Rigid Neurofibromatosis Scoliosis

Introduction The surgical management of severe rigid dystrophic neurofibromatosis curves is a demanding procedure with uncertain results. Several difficulties are present in such patients including a poor bone stock, sharp angulation of these curves and the delicate nature of the dural sac. The aim of this work is to review the clinical and radiographic outcome of three-dimensional correction of severe rigid neurofibromatosis curves analyzing its efficacy, safety and possible complications. Materials and Methods The results of 32 patients with severe rigid neurofibromatosis deformities were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were followed-up for a minimum of 3 years; an average of 6.5y (range 3 – 9y). The average age was 14 years (range 11 – 19y). All patients had typical dystrophic curves and the apex of the deformity was dorsal (13 patients); dorsolumbar (14 patients) and lumbar (5 patients). All patients had a two staged procedure; an anterior release followed by posterior instrumentation augmented by sublaminar wires. The wires were placed immediately below the proximal anchor and several sublaminar wires at the apex of the deformity. There were a total of 142 wires with an average of 6.5 wires/ patient (range 5 – 8 wires). Results The mean Cobb angle of the main curve was 102° before surgery corrected to an average of 39° and the loss of correction had an average of 4°. Sagittal alignment improved from an average of 12° to an average of 47° and rotation was corrected by an average of 34%. There were no dural tears during passage of the sublaminar wires and no neurological or implant related complications. Conclusions The use of extensive and vigorous anterior release with posterior hybrid instrumentation has proved useful and effective in the treatment of these difficult cases; sublaminar wires allow safe gradual correction and even distribution of forces over multiple anchor points improving the correction achieved and decreasing implant related complications.

Halpern type iteration with multiple anchor points in a Hadamard space

In this paper, we consider an approximation sequence of a common fixed point generated by Halpern type iteration with a finite family of nonexpansive mappings in a Hadamard space. We propose another style of Halpern type iteration with multiple anchor points and prove that it converges strongly to a common fixed point.

An interval type-2 fuzzy LINMAP method with approximate ideal solutions for multiple criteria decision analysis

The purpose of this paper is to develop a linear programming technique for multidimensional analysis of preference (LINMAP) to address multiple criteria decision analysis problems within the interval type-2 fuzzy environment based on interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Considering the issue of anchor dependency, we use multiple anchor points in the decision-making process and employ approximate positive-ideal and negative-ideal solutions as the points of reference. Selected useful properties of the approximate ideal solutions are also investigated. In contrast to the classical LINMAP methods, this paper directly generates approximate ideal solutions from the characteristics of all alternatives. Next, this work presents the concept of closeness-based indices using Minkowski distances with approximate ideal solutions to develop a new approach for determining measurements of consistency and inconsistency. Under incomplete preference information on paired comparisons of the alternatives, this paper provides a novel method that uses the concept of comprehensive closeness-based indices to measure the poorness of fit and the goodness of fit. By applying the consistency indices and inconsistency indices, this work formulates an optimization problem that can be solved for the optimal weights of the criteria and thus acquires the best compromise alternative. Additionally, this paper explores the problem of supplier selection and conducts a comparative discussion to validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed interval type-2 fuzzy LINMAP method with approximate ideal solutions. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied to address a marketplace decision difficulty (MPDD)-prone decision-making problem to provide additional contributions for practical implications.

Soft‐Surface DNA Nanotechnology: DNA Constructs Anchored and Aligned to Lipid Membrane

Soft‐Surface DNA Nanotechnology: DNA Constructs Anchored and Aligned to Lipid Membrane

Surgical correction of severe dystrophic neurofibromatosis scoliosis: an experience of 32 cases

The surgical management of severe rigid dystrophic neurofibromatosis curves is a demanding procedure with uncertain results. Several difficulties are present in such patients including a poor bone stock, sharp angulation of these dystrophic curves and dural thinning or ectasia. The aim of this work was to review the clinical and radiographic outcomes of three-dimensional correction of severe rigid neurofibromatosis curves analyzing its efficacy, safety and possible complications. Thirty-two patients were followed up for an average of 6.5 years (range 3-9 years). The average age at surgery was 14 years (range 11-19 years). All patients had typical dystrophic curves, and the apex of the deformity was thoracic (n = 13), thoracolumbar (n = 14) and lumbar (n = 5). All patients had a two-staged procedure; an anterior release followed latter by posterior hybrid instrumentation augmented by sublaminar wires. Two wires were usually placed immediately below the proximal anchor, and several sublaminar wires were always passed at the apex of the deformity. There were a total of 142 wires with an average of 6.5 wires/patient (range 5-8 wires). The mean preoperative Cobb angle of the scoliotic curve was 102.2 degrees (range 71 degrees-114 degrees) corrected to an average of 39 degrees (range 16 degrees-49 degrees), and the loss of correction had an average of 4 degrees. The mean preoperative sagittal plane deformity was 49 degrees corrected by an average of 61%, and rotation was corrected by an average of 34%. There were no dural tears during passage of the sublaminar wires, no implant-related complications and no permanent neurologic deficits. The use of extensive and vigorous anterior release with posterior hybrid instrumentation has proved useful and effective in the treatment of these severe deformities; sublaminar wires allow safe gradual correction and even distribution of forces over multiple anchor points improving the correction achieved and decreasing implant-related complications.

Locking Plate Technology – Current Concepts

The management of fractures with traditional plating techniques has undergone a paradigm shift over the past 20 years. For many fractures, anatomic reduction using a dynamic compression plate has been the gold standard. However, minimally invasive approaches combined with biologically friendly internal fixation have become accepted methods of complex fracture treatment. The orthopedic literature has demonstrated advantages when comparing locking plate techniques with traditional compression plating techniques, particularly in fractures about the knee. The advantages of locking plates apply most directly to cases of highly comminuted fractures, unstable metadiaphyseal segments, and osteoporotic fractures. The biomechanical properties of locking plates have distinguished and defined their clinical use compared to traditional plates. A thorough understanding of these properties will assist the orthopedic surgeon in choosing the appropriate construct when faced with a difficult fracture. Compression plating requires absolute stability for bone healing. In contrast, locking plates function as "internal fixators" with multiple anchor points. This type of fixed-angle device converts axial loads across the bone to compressive forces across fracture sites, minimizing gap length and strain. The strain theory demonstrates that anatomic reduction is not required for bone healing, and that tolerable strain (2%-10%) can promote secondary bone healing. Callus formation is further promoted when biologically friendly surgical approaches are combined with locking plate "internal fixators". In contrast, conventional plates function by creating an environment where primary bone healing occurs. This plate provides "absolute rigidity" and requires anatomic reduction fixed in compression. Primary bone healing occurs in this manner. In highly comminuted, segmentally deficient, or porotic bone, bone quality is poor and "absolute rigidity" does not exist. Furthermore, soft-tissue stripping adds a biologic insult to the poor bone quality. These disadvantages may lead to poor outcomes such as nonunion, implant failure, malunion, or even infection. These disadvantages remain theoretical, as no prospective studies clearly demonstrate a difference between plating methods in difficult metadiaphyseal or osteoporotic fractures. However, the overwhelming biomechanical evidence has led to a more biologically friendly approach to these fractures. The indications for use of locking plates are evolving. The literature demonstrates low rates of nonunion and overall complication rates with locking plates in difficult metaphyseal and diaphyseal fractures. Anatomic reduction of the articular surface remains paramount. Hybrid techniques that combine the benefits of compression plate fixation with the biological and biomechanical advantages of locking plates are the most likely end result of current locking plate applications.

Gamut Mapping Algorithm Using Lightness Mapping and Multiple Anchor Points for Linear Tone and Maximum Chroma Reproduction

This article proposes a new gamut-mapping algorithm (GMA) that utilizes both lightness mapping and multiple anchor points. The proposed lightness mapping minimizes the lightness difference of the maximum chroma between two gamuts and produces the linear tone in bright and dark regions. In the chroma mapping, a separate mapping method that utilizes multiple anchor points with constant slopes plus a fixed anchor point is proposed to maintain the maximum chroma and produce a uniform tonal dynamic range. As a result, the proposed algorithm is able to reproduce high quality images using low-cost color devices.

Parametric Gamut Mapping Algorithms Using Variable Anchor Points

In this article, a new gamut-mapping algorithm (GMA) that utilizes variable anchor points (center of gravity on the lightness axis) is proposed. The proposed algorithm increases lightness range, which is reduced from conventional gamut mapping toward an anchor point. In this process, this algorithm utilizes multiple anchor points with constant slopes to both reduce a sudden color change on the gamut boundary of the printer and to maintain a uniform color change during the mapping process. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm can reproduce high quality images with low-cost color devices.