Multiple Amino Research Articles

Optimizing Blade‐Coated Tin–lead Perovskite Solar Cells and Tandems with Multi‐Carboxyl and Amino Group Integration

AbstractMixed tin–lead (Sn–Pb) perovskites often face a daunting challenge: rapid and uncontrollable crystallization, leading to a plethora of defects and significant stress. This issue is particularly exacerbated during the blade‐coating preparation of scalable Sn–Pb perovskite films. In this study, a facile strategy involving the addition of ammonium citrate (AC) to narrow‐bandgap mixed Sn–Pb perovskite precursors is introduced. AC, armed with its arsenal of multiple carboxyl and amino groups, acts as a virtuoso conductor, orchestrating controlled crystal growth by harmonizing with Pb2+ and Sn2+ ions. This addition significantly boosts the crystallinity of the perovskite films, alleviates interface stress, inhibits Sn2+ oxidation, and mitigates interfacial defects. Consequently, The blade‐coated AC‐incorporated mixed Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells achieve a high photovoltaic conversion efficiency of nearly 21%. Furthermore, extending this strategy to two‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cells yielded a remarkable maximum efficiency of 27.20%. This work presents an effective strategy for producing efficient blade‐coated mixed Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells, heralding a pathway toward scalable fabrication of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells.

The role of polyamine metabolism in cellular function and physiology.

Polyamines are molecules with multiple amino groups that are essential for cellular function. The major polyamines are putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and cadaverine. Polyamines are important for posttranscriptional regulation, autophagy, programmed cell death, proliferation, redox homeostasis, and ion channel function. Their levels are tightly controlled. High levels of polyamines are associated with proliferative pathologies such as cancer, whereas low polyamine levels are observed in aging, and elevated polyamine turnover enhances oxidative stress. Polyamine metabolism is implicated in several pathophysiological processes in the nervous, immune, and cardiovascular systems. Currently, manipulating polyamine levels is under investigation as a potential preventive treatment for several pathologies, including aging, ischemia/reperfusion injury, pulmonary hypertension, and cancer. Although polyamines have been implicated in many intracellular mechanisms, our understanding of these processes remains incomplete and is a topic of ongoing investigation. Here, we discuss the regulation and cellular functions of polyamines, their role in physiology and pathology, and emphasize the current gaps in knowledge and potential future research directions.

Phenolic profile and evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities of Calendula officinalis L. using exogenous polyamines application

Polyamines (PAs) are active natural substances with multiple amino groups that are essential for numerous physiological and developmental functions in plants. This study aimed to examine the effects of foliar spraying of PAs on profiles of phenolic compounds (PCs), antimicrobial activity against clinical pathogens, and cytotoxic activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts (AEs and MEs) of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) (CoL). Three different quantities of the chemicals putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) were sprayed on the plants during their four or five completely expanded leaf stages.This experiment was carried out over the course of three months, using a randomized complete design with four replications. According to evaluations of various physiochemical characteristics, the treatments significantly increased the amount of glycosylated flavonols. The study also revealed noteworthy differences in the total phenolic acid and flavonoid content. The foliar spraying with 1 mM SPD had the most significant effect compared to other PAs. Additionally, the primary flavonols, including isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (narcissin) and isorhamnetin-3-O-rhamnosylrutinoside (typhaneoside), were observed in the 1 mM SPD treatment. The antimicrobial activity (MIC µg/mL) of CoL AEs and MEs towards the six pathogen strains was significantly enhanced when exogenous application of PAs was introduced. On the other hand, the findings demonstrated that the application of PAs, particularly SPD, led to significant cytotoxic activity against five tumor cell lines in the CoL MEs and AEs. These results indicate that foliar spraying of PAs may have numerous possible uses in the pharmaceutical industry as a result of their influence on antimicrobial and anticancer capacities, as well as phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

Facile fabrication of UiO-66-NH2 modified with dodecyl and polyethyleneimine by post-synthesis functionalization strategy and simultaneous adsorption removal of anionic and cationic dyes

To achieve simultaneous adsorption removal of anionic and cationic dyes, UiO-66-NH2@Dodecyl functionalized with dodecyl (long-chain alkane) and UiO-66-NH2@PEI modified by polyethyleneimine (PEI) (containing multiple amino groups) were facilely fabricated by post-synthesis functionalization strategy, and characterized systematically. UiO-66-NH2@Dodecyl and UiO-66-NH2@PEI both showed higher adsorption capacities for Congo red (458.2 and 583.4 mg/g) and methylene blue (218.0 and 286.3 mg/g). Adsorption kinetic and isotherm curves could be simulated best by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Under coexistence of inorganic salts and alkalinity, it was beneficial to improve adsorption capacities. Adsorption capacity of UiO-66-NH2@PEI with multiple amino groups was higher than UiO-66-NH2@Dodecyl at the same experimental conditions, indicating that hydrogen bonding had greater influence on adsorption efficiency. And UiO-66-NH2@Dodecyl and UiO-66-NH2@PEI had better stability. Hydrogen bonding, π-π conjugation, electrostatic interaction and van der Waals force were main adsorption driving forces. The results could provide theoretical and technical help for simultaneous adsorption removal of anionic and cationic dyes.

Quantitative analysis method for absorption mechanism and energy consumption of CO2 capture by amino acid ionic liquids

Amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) are attractive candidates for CO2 capture due to their high solubility for CO2. Quantitatively analyzing the interaction of amino groups in AAILs with CO2 and evaluating the energy consumption of CO2 capture is critical to the molecular design of ideal AAILs. In this work, a thermodynamic model based on the cubic plus association equation of state was proposed to calculate the contribution from the chemical reactions between various stoichiometric ratios of CO2 and AAIL (Nm:n,m:n is stoichiometric ratio) on CO2 solubility. The results show that the larger contribution to the CO2 solubility in [Glu], [Tyr] and [Gln]-IL with strong polar groups is derived from association scheme N1:2, while the N1:1 association interaction is the dominant contribution of [Gly], [Ala], [Val] and [Pro]-IL with hydrogen atom or short alkyl side chains, and [VBIm]-IL with multiple amino groups. The N2:1 association interaction is primary between CO2 and [Cho][His] or [Cho][Arg]. Besides, the contributions of these association effects are greater than that of dispersion and repulsion to CO2 solubility. Then, the solvent cyclic capacity and regeneration energy of AAILs in the pressure swing and temperature swing CO2 capture system were estimated. More amino groups result in higher regeneration energy consumption and do not necessarily increase solvent cyclic capacity. Among the studied AAILs, [Cho][Gly] which exhibits high cyclic capacity and low energy consumption has great potential in CO2 capture solvent.

Synergy tetraethylenepentamine and diethanolamine impregnated within silica nanotubes derived from natural halloysite for efficient CO2 capture

Amine-impregnated porous solid adsorbents are promising commercial CO2 capture adsorbents for CO2 mitigation due to relatively large CO2 capacity and high CO2 selectivity. However, the intrinsic viscosity and aggregation of the polyamine leads to low amine efficiency and greatly limits its further development. In this work, a facile and efficient approach was carried out to manipulate the porosity of natural halloysite (HNTs) support with hollow tubular structure and impregnate mixed-polyamines, i.e., both tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and diethanolamine (DEA) to synergistically enhance CO2 adsorption capacity, fast adsorption kinetics and thermal/chemical stability compared to the individual supported TEPA and DEA. The effects of the blend amount for TEPA and DEA, adsorption temperature and CO2 partial pressure on CO2 adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics were specifically discussed. Due to the auxiliary effect of DEA, the chemical reaction between non-hydroxylated TEPA and CO2 was altered thus improving amine efficiency and the agglomeration layer between protonated TEPA molecules and carbamate, which existed due to electrostatic interaction when TEPA was loaded alone, was loosened thus improving amine efficiency and adsorption kinetics. Therefore, the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of MHNTs loaded with 20 wt% TEPA and 20 wt% DEA was 3.25 mmol/g at 75 °C in the flow of 40 vol% N2/60 vol% CO2. Compared with loading individual TEPA with multiple amino groups on MHNTs, individual DEA with hydroxyl groups could increase the utilization efficiency of the amino groups of TEPA and ultimately obtain excellent CO2 capture capacity and adsorption kinetics. The experimental results show that the adsorbents obtained in this study using mixed amine impregnated silica nanotubes derived from natural minerals have a promising application in practical CO2 capture and separation processes.

Nonleaching Antimicrobial Cotton Fabrics Finished with Hyperbranched Polylysine.

The choice of the antimicrobial agent and finishing process is very important for the activity, durability, and safety of antimicrobial fabrics. Here, a novel antimicrobial cotton fabric (HPL-CF) was constructed by covalently bonding an antimicrobial agent, hyperbranched polylysine (HPL), onto the surface of a cotton fabric (CF) pretreated with a silane coupling agent, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTMS). The multiple amino groups contained in the periphery of HPL make it possible to react with the CF to form multiple bonds, which is beneficial to improve the durability and safety of HPL-CFs. The obtained HPL-CFs exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli (E. coli, Gram-negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, Gram-positive bacteria), and Candida albicans (C. albicans, fungi) even when the CF was treated with HPL solution at the concentration of 0.5 wt %. HPL2.0-CFs maintained 98, >99, and >99% of antimicrobial ratios for E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively, after 50 equiv of domestic laundering cycles, surpassing the requirements of the AAA class. The halo method, cell compatibility, and skin irritation assays all prove the fine safety of HPL-CFs. This work demonstrates the great advantages of applying HPL in the antimicrobial finishing of fabrics.

Hybrid grafted and hyperbranched anion exchangers for ion chromatography

Novel grafted anion exchangers with covalently bonded hyperbranched functional layers were prepared and evaluated for the separation of monovalent standard inorganic anions and oxyhalides. Preparation of base coating included grafting highly polar N-vinylformamide to the ethylvinylbenzene-divinylbenzene (EVB-DVB) substrate surface in highly polar solvent (methanol) with subsequent hydrolysis of grafted amide polymer in basic media, which resulted in preparation of polymer chains with multiple primary amino groups. Those amino groups were used as attachment points for forming hyperbranched anion-exchange layers using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and primary mono- or diamine (methylamine or 1,3-diaminopropane, respectively). The effects of hyperbranching reaction cycles number on selectivity were evaluated which revealed that selectivity and capacity can be controlled independently for the covalently bonded stationary phases in contrast to electrostatically bonded phases. It was demonstrated that unlike for electrostatically bonded phases, the intentional increase of crosslink by using primary diamine instead of primary monoamine doesn't cause the shift of selectivity coefficients. It was also shown that crosslink distribution throughout the hyperbranched layer is an important factor determining selectivity of hyperbranched anion exchangers.

Synthesis of Open‐Cage Fullerene Derivatives Containing Multiple Hydroxyl and Amino Groups on the Rim of the Orifice†

Comprehensive SummaryMost of the known open‐cage fullerene derivatives contain carbonyl and other relatively inert groups on the rim of the orifice. It is difficult to rationally design further reactions and attach other functional groups on to these open‐cage derivatives. In the present work, two molecules of difunctional 1,4‐benzenediamine have been incorporated into the rim of an open‐cage C60 derivative through one amino group leaving the other amino group free for further functionalization. The difunctional 4‐aminophenol reacted analogously to form an open‐cage derivative with a free OH group each on the two phenyl rings. The amino and hydroxyl groups on the phenyl ring above the rim of the orifice showed similar reactivity as aniline and phenol. One of the carbonyl groups on the rim of the orifice could be selectively reduced by NaBH4 and P(OEt)3. The reduction reactions were reversible and the reduced products could be readily converted back to the carbonyl precursor. Thus, this redox process acts as a tool to fine tune the size of the orifice for host‐guest studies.

High sensitive assay of formaldehyde using resonance light scattering technique based on carbon dots aggregation

Formaldehyde (FA) is widely used in industry and also common in daily life. Finding an efficient method to determine FA is quite an industrial challenge. Herein, a novel method based on a resonance light scattering (RLS) technique was developed for the detection of FA with high sensitivity. Carbon dots (CDs) were used as RLS probes. CDs were obtained via one-pot solvothermal treatment from o-phenylenediamine. CDs showed yellow fluorescence with a quantum yield of 0.41. Due to the multiple amino groups on the surface of CDs, FA can be captured easily by formation of a covalent C = N bond based on the Schiff-base reaction. Owing to the covalent crosslinking, CD nanoparticles aggregated, and even formed precipitate. The aggregation of CDs induced RLS enhancement, where the RLS increment was linearly related to the concentration of FA ranging from 4 nM to 1.6 mM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.6 nM. In comparison with many previous reports, the present RLS method showed a wider linear range and lower LOD. Furthermore, the RLS system was successfully used to detect FA in real food samples. The proposed system has prospective applicability in the detection of FA in food fields.

The effect of metformin and drinking water quality variation on haloacetamide formation during chlor(am)ination of acetaminophen

Acetaminophen (Apap) is widely used and is known to form toxic haloacetamides (HAcAms) during chlorination. Metformin (Met) is a typical medication with usage much higher than that of Apap and its ubiquitous presence in the environment is known. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Met which contains multiple amino groups potentially joining reactions and different chlorination methods on HAcAm formation from Apap. In addition, a major drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) using the largest river in southern Taiwan was sampled to study the influence of Apap in a DWTP on the HAcAm formation. Results showed increasing dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) molar yields of Apap at a Cl/Apap molar ratio of 5 during chlorination (0.15%) and two-step chlorination (0.03%). HAcAms were formed by the chlorine substitution of hydrogen on the methyl group in Apap followed by the cleavage of the bonding between nitrogen and aromatic. While a high Cl/Apap ratio during chlorination led to reactions between chlorine and HAcAms formed decreasing the HAcAm yields, the two-step chlorination further reduced the HAcAm formation during chlorination by a factor of 1.8–8.2. However, Met which limitedly formed HAcAms increased the DCAcAm yields of Apap by 228% at high chlorine dosages during chlorination and by 244% during two-step chlorination. In the DWTP, trichloroacetamide (TCAcAm) formation was important. The formation was positively correlated with NH4+, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA). DCAcAm dominated in the presence of Apap. The DCAcAm molar yields were 0.17%–0.27% and 0.08%–0.21% in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The HAcAm yields of Apap in the DWTP were limitedly changed between different locations and seasons. Apap could be one important cause for HAcAm formation in a DWTP, as the presence of other pharmaceuticals such as Met possibly worsens the situation in chlorine applications.

In-situ synthesis of a novel acid dye based on phosphonitrilic chloride trimer to develop coloured and flame-retardant wool

Nowadays, novel routes to develop flame retardant textiles have become a research hotspot. In the present study, an acid dye was developed to provide a wash-durable flame-retardant protection to wool. A phosphorus and nitrogen-based compound containing multiple amino groups was synthesised and characterised through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 31P, and 13C). The amine was also analysed by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. The amine was diazotised and reacted with H-acid (4-Amino-5-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid) at an acidic pH (3-4) to synthesise the acid dye in-situ on wool fabric. The flame retardancy provided by dyed wool was determined using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical flammability test, and cone calorimetry analysis. The colour appearance, colour values, and fastness of dyed wool were determined to check the dyeing properties of the acid dye on wool. The dyed fabrics were also characterised through FTIR, SEM, ICP-MS, and TGA. The flame-retardancy mechanism of dyed wool was also assessed by characterising the char through FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM analyses. Thus, the newly developed acid dye provided wash-durable colouration and flame-retardant effects to wool. A maximum LOI value of 35.5 was obtained, and dyed wool displayed efficient flame-retardancy.

Untargeted, High-Resolution Metabolomics in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disease of unclear etiology. The aim of this study was to use untargeted plasma metabolomics to identify metabolic pathway alterations associated with EoE to better understand the pathophysiology. This prospective, case-control study included 72 children, aged 1-17 years, undergoing clinically indicated upper endoscopy (14 diagnosed with EoE and 58 controls). Fasting plasma samples were analyzed for metabolomics by high-resolution dual-chromatography mass spectrometry. Analysis was performed on sex-matched groups at a 2:1 ratio. Significant differences among the plasma metabolite features between children with and without EoE were determined using multivariate regression analysis and were annotated with a network-based algorithm. Subsequent pathway enrichment analysis was performed. Patients with EoE had a higher proportion of atopic disease (85.7% vs 50%, P = 0.019) and any allergies (100% vs 57.1%, P = 0.0005). Analysis of the dual chromatography features resulted in a total of 918 metabolites that differentiated EoE and controls. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was significantly enriched with the greatest number of differentiating metabolites and overall pathway enrichment ( P < 0.01). Multiple amino and fatty acid pathways including linoleic acid were also enriched, as well as pyridoxine metabolism ( P < 0.01). In this pilot study, we found differences in metabolites involved in glycerophospholipid and inflammation pathways in pediatric patients with EoE using untargeted metabolomics, as well as overlap with amino acid metabolome alterations found in atopic disease.

2D Janus polymer nanosheets for enhancing oil recovery: From material preparation to property evaluation

Janus amphiphilic polymer nanosheets (JAPNs) with anisotropic morphology and distinctive performance have aroused widespread interest. However, due to the difficulty in synthesis and poor dispersion stability, JAPNs have been scarcely reported in the field of enhancing oil recovery (EOR). Herein, a kind of organic-based flexible JAPNs was prepared by paraffin emulsion methods. The lateral sizes of JAPNs were ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers and the thickness was about 3 nm. The organic-based nanosheets were equipped with remarkably flexible structures, which could improve their injection performance. The dispersion and interfacial properties of JAPNs were studied systematically. By modification of crosslinking agent containing multiple amino groups, the JAPNs had excellent hydrophilicity and salt resistance compared with conventional inorganic or composite nanosheets. The settling time of nanosuspension with NaCl and CaCl2 at a low salinity of 1000 mg/L was over 240 h. The value could also remain 124 h under the salinity of 10,000 mg/L NaCl. With the dual functionalities of Janus amphiphilic nature and nanoparticles' Pickering effect, JAPNs could change rock wettability and form emulsions as “colloidal surfactants”. In particular, a new technology called optical microrheology was pioneered to explore the destabilization state of nanosuspensions for the first time. Since precipitation lagged behind aggregation, especially for stable suspension systems, the onset of the unstable behavior was difficult to be detected by conventional methods, which should be the indicator of reduced effectiveness for nanofluid products. In addition, the oil displacement experiments demonstrated that the JAPNs could enhance oil recovery by 17.14% under an ultra-low concentration of 0.005% and were more suitable for low permeability cores. The findings can help for a better understanding of the material preparation of polymer nanosheets. We also hope that this study could shed more light on the nanoflooding technology for EOR.

Flame retardant polypropylene with a single molecule intumescent flame retardant based on chitosan

A single molecule intumescent flame retardant was synthesized through in-situ polymerization by chitosan-based ammonium polyphosphate microencapsulated by melamine-formaldehyde resin. The multiple reactive hydroxyl and amino groups in its molecular chain made it a positively charged polymer with excellent coordination. The decomposition of melamine-formaldehyde resin produced a large amount of incombustible gas, which reduced the heat absorption on the surface of the composite material and inhibited its decomposition. Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was found that its thermal stability was better at high temperatures. Due to the decomposition of melamine-formaldehyde resin, a large amount of incombustible gas was produced, which reduced the heat absorption on its surface and inhibited its decomposition, so that polypropylene composites containing the flame retardant had a smooth decomposition process. The burning results showed that the limiting oxygen index and vertical combustion grade of the polypropylene composites containing the flame retardant had been improved, which the vertical combustion rating was V-1, and the limiting oxygen index was 25.7%. At the same time, it was clearly observed that composites containing the single-molecule intumescent flame retardant had an excellent anti-dripping effect. The surface temperature of the composite material was greatly reduced during combustion, from 343.7 ℃ to 156.9 ℃. Raman spectra and SEM of the surface carbon layer of the burned spline revealed the composite containing the flame retardant with a lower ID/IG value, indicating that the carbon layer it formed had more excellent crystallinity. Therefore, its carbon layer had a better structure and stability. It could be borne out that our single-molecule intumescent flame retardant had a good flame retardant effect on PP.

Ag nanozyme strengthened by folic acid: Superior peroxidase-mimicking activity and application for visual monitoring of dopamine.

Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter; however, any excess or deficiency of DA will cause several diseases in humans. To monitor DA efficiently and conveniently, a Ag nanozyme strengthened by bioactive folic acid (FA@AgNPs) was developed by homogeneous redox assembly. After the microstructure and performance were characterized in detail, it was noted that the proposed FA@AgNPs possessed superior peroxidase-like activity due to the ultra-small Ag nanoparticles and multiple amino, hydroxyl, and aromatic rings in FA. FA@AgNPs accelerated the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with a low Michaelis constant (Km) and high maximal reaction rate (Vmax). Importantly, the characteristic absorbance intensity of FA@AgNPs-TMB-H2O2 at 652 nm (A652) was exclusively deteriorated in the presence of trace DA, accompanied by a visual color change from blue to colorless. Under the optimized conditions (pH 4.0, 300 μL 1.5 mM TMB, 300 μL 1.0 M H2O2 and incubated for 30 min at room temperature), there expressed an excellent linear relationship between lgA0/A652 and cDA from 1.0 ×10-8 to 6.67×10-6 mol/L with a low limit detection of 7.1×10-10 mol/L (S/N=3). When applied for monitoring of DA in real fruit juice and pharmaceutical samples, the recovery was between 96.6% and 104.9%, with RSD less than 2.2%. The enhanced peroxidase-like activity of the FA@AgNP system and its selective recognition mechanism for DA are also proposed.

246-OR: Role of Skeletal Muscle Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Exercise Training–Induced Insulin Sensitivity

Insulin sensitivity is enhanced by 3 months of either aerobic (high-intensity interval training, HIIT) or resistance exercise (RET) , but mechanisms leading to improved insulin sensitivity are not identical between modes of exercise. We sought to identify common predictors of exercise training-induced insulin sensitivity. Using RNAseq we found that branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and general amino acid metabolism were the only common pathways associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity by HIIT and RET in skeletal muscle. We explored the BCAA metabolism pathway and other amino acid metabolites as related to insulin sensitivity in response to HIIT and RET. Skeletal muscle and plasma were obtained from our previously published study which showed significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity following 12-weeks of either HIIT (n=19) or RET (n=18) . Immunoblotting was used to measure the abundance and phosphorylation of the key rate limiting enzyme in BCAA metabolism, branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) , in skeletal muscle. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure amino acids and their metabolites before and after exercise training. Skeletal muscle BCKDH abundance and activity (indicated by reduced phosho/total BCKDH) were significantly increased (P&amp;lt;0.05) by both HIIT and RET. HIIT significantly increased (P&amp;lt;0.05) all three BCAAs (Ile +7.7 ± 2.2, Leu +18.9 ± 5.6, Val +24.5 ± 7.3 pmol/mg muscle) , as well as multiple other amino acids and metabolites in skeletal muscle. Although we did not detect an increase in amino acids or metabolites following RET in skeletal muscle, in plasma there was a significant increase (P&amp;lt;0.05) in all three aromatic amino acids (Phe +5.1 ± 2.2, Trp +5.6 ± 2.5, Tyr +4.8 ± 1.7 µM) as well as Pro (13.0 ± 4.6 µM) , Ala (+29.3 ± 12.1 µM) , and Met (2.1 ± 0.5 µM) following RET. These results suggest activation of amino acid metabolism pathways, contributing to enhanced insulin sensitivity following different modes of exercise training. Disclosure M.W.Pataky: None. A.Prabha kumar: n/a. M.M.Robinson: Stock/Shareholder; GE Healthcare Systems. K.Klaus: None. S.Dasari: None. K.Nair: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (RAG09531) National Institutes of Health (T32 DK007352)

Stable isotope composition of multiple tissues and individual amino acids reveals dietary variation among life stages in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Ningaloo Reef

Stable isotope composition of multiple tissues and individual amino acids reveals dietary variation among life stages in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Ningaloo Reef

The expression of novel PII-like protein from Lentilactobacillus hilgardii

The understanding of molecular mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to environmental changes represents the basis for maintaining the homeostasis of microbiomes of natural and artificial biotopes. Lactic acid bacteria are presented everywhere in the environment and present the indigenous microflora of various fermented substrates, fruits, soil and feces. In natural habitats the starvation by available nitrogen, carbon or energy sources can occur. Nevertheless, the regulation of their nitrogen metabolism remains unexplored and is presented only in a few works. Generally, in the most bacteria the nitrogen metabolism is regulated by PII like proteins in response to the nutrition and energy availability via sensing changes of intracellular level of ATP, ADP, 2-OG and glutamine. Among more than 400 species of Lactobacillaceae known to the date, only seven contain genes encoding for PII homologue. In Lentilactobacilli, the gene of PII-like proteins has unique genetic background being located within the potABCDN operon, which encodes the ABC transporter of spermidine/putrescine, the products of amino acids metabolism. These molecules contain multiple amino groups and thus could also serve as nitrogen source. The maximum expression of the potABCDN operon was observed upon transfer to a medium containing spermidine as solely nitrogen source, while is suppressed upon growth with glutamate and glutamine. This suggests the availability of energy supply as the leading factor determining the level of potABCDN operon transcription in L. hilgardii cells.

Fabrication of Hollow Nanocones Membrane with an Extraordinary Surface Area as CO2 Sucker.

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the development of eco-friendly solid sorbents that are cost-effective, noncorrosive, have a high gas capacity, and have low renewable energy for CO2 capture. Here, we claimed the fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) film of hollow nanocones with a large surface area (949.5 m2/g), a large contact angle of 136.3°, and high surface energy. The synthetic technique is based on an electrochemical polymerization process followed by a novel and simple strategy for pulling off the formed layers as a membrane. Although the polymer-coated substrates were reported previously, the membrane formation has not been reported elsewhere. The detachable capability of the manufactured layer as a membrane braked the previous boundaries and allows the membrane’s uses in a wide range of applications. This 3D hollow nanocones membrane offer advantages over conventional ones in that they combine a π-electron-rich (aromatic ring), hydrophobicity, a large surface area, multiple amino groups, and a large pore volume. These substantial features are vital for CO2 capturing and storage. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity characteristic and application of the formed polymer as a CO2 sucker were investigated. These results demonstrated the potential of the synthesized 3D hollow polymer to be used for CO2 capturing with a gas capacity of about 68 mg/g and regeneration ability without the need for heat up.