Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence in MOBA Games: A Multivocal Literature Mapping

Esports - games played competitively - comprise a major sector of the global games industry. Esports has been used as a testbed for game AI and game analytics for two decades. This article presents a multivocal literature mapping of available research that focuses strictly on the use of artificial intelligence approaches in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games, one of the most popular esports genres and the one most widely used for game AI and game analytics research. A mapping is performed on relevant publications published between 2011 and 2022 and systematically examines them to extract similarities, gaps, and main findings. We analyzed 124 publications to identify the most studied topics, the most commonly used techniques, and the most commonly applied evaluation methods. The results show that League of Legends and DOTA are the most studied games, with outcome prediction being the most popular research topic. Finally, we provide an analysis of the potential future flagship areas for research in the domain, considering the gaps found in the white and grey literature.

Identifying player skill of dota 2 using machine learning pipeline

The esports industry is one of the prominent business sectors in the digital era, particularly, Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games which gain much attention from gamers and streaming audiences. Among such games, Defense of the Ancient 2 or Dota 2 is the record holder for the highest prize esports tournament. Therefore, various companies and investors start their esports teams to compete in the Dota 2 tournaments, the Internationals. To success in the competition, player recruitment is a crucial process as it usually takes considerable effort to find a skillful player. Watching the game replay to evaluate the player’s skill is one of the approaches. However, it can be too exhaustive, also some player’s ranking, which represent the player’s skill, are often not available. In this paper, we propose an effective machine learning pipeline to evaluate the player’s skill. Our designed pipeline includes data collection, feature engineering, and machine learning modeling. We show the data collection process using open-source API. An effective method for feature engineering is proposed. Features, e.g., end-game, or tactical decision related statistics, are incorporated along with the resource in the game distribution, harassment tactic, or spatiotemporal features, in order to provide effective models. Subsequently, we apply major machine learning models based on a single game data, i.e., logistic regression and random forest, to the processed data. The most effective model can achieve up to 0.7091 precision, 0.5850 recall, 0.6411 F1-score, and 0.8123 ROC AUC score.

Behavioral dedication, constraint or obligation? A tripartite model of active participation in multiplayer online battle arena game community

PurposeActive participation is critical to the survival and development of the multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game community. However, this issue has not received much attention in the information systems literature. To address this issue, we develop a tripartite model that accounts for the roles of behavioral dedication, constraint, obligation mechanisms on active participation in the MOBA community.Design/methodology/approachThe research model is empirically validated by online survey data among 971 users of a popular MOBA community.FindingsThe results show that perceived enjoyment, perceived escapism, and affective commitment are key behavioral dedication factors, which further promote active participation in the MOBA community. In addition, past investment, self-efficacy for change, and calculative commitment are important behavioral constraint factors, which ultimately influence active participation in the MOBA community. Finally, subjective norm, group norm, social identity, and normative commitment are influential behavioral obligation factors, which in turn facilitate active participation in the MOBA community.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the theoretical understanding of active participation in the MOBA community and offers practical guidance for promoting active participation in the community.

ANALISIS SENTIMEN APLIKASI MOBILE LEGENDS : BANG BANG MENGGUNAKAN LATENT DIRICHLET ALLOCATION

E-sports or electronic sports, is a video game competition in which players make video games as an alternative to officially recognized sports that have various values in the fields of sport, economics, social, achievement, and knowledge. Mobile Legends : Bang Bang is a mobile video game that goes into the multiplayer online battle arena genre (MOBA). These opinions need to be taken into account as input in the evaluation to ensure that the Mobile Legends: Bang Bang app can make a good impact on its users. In this study, data from the Google Play Store was used to analyze user responses to applications by classifying them into positive and negative categories. Furthermore, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method is used to group user opinions and identify topics that are frequently discussed. The results of the analysis showed that the majority of users responded positively to the Mobile Legends : Bang Bang application (72,7%) compared to negative (27,3%). The most frequently appearing words also indicate that positive sentiment words are more dominant than negative sentiment words.

Emotional analysis of multiplayer online battle arena games addiction.

Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games have garnered widespread popularity as a form of recreational activity. The launch of League of Legends (LoL), a prominent MOBA game, has captivated the enthusiastic pursuit of gamers in the MOBA community. The surge in MOBA game fervor, coupled with the influence of personal emotions, can result in excessive engagement, ultimately leading to addiction. This study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of visceral perception, behavior, and reflection on game players' addiction within the framework of Leisure Theory (LT), Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT), and Emotional Design Theory (EDT). A hypothesized theoretical model was developed and empirically evaluated based on 236 self-reported validated responses from MOBA gamers. SPSS (version 26) was employed for demographic analysis and game duration analysis. The measurement model and structural model analyses were conducted in two stages using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.1.0 to validate the nine theoretical hypotheses. It has been observed that personal emotions significantly contributes to MOBA game addiction during gamers' leisure time or moments of gratification. Specifically, a noteworthy connection exists between two dimensions, namely gamers' behavior and reflection, demonstrating a positive correlation with gaming addiction. Without taking entertainment as a motivating factor, there is no significant relationship between gamers' leisure-time and visceral perception. This study enhances the theoretical model of gamers' behavioral motives in engaging with MOBA gaming and contributes to the expansion of research on game addiction theory. These findings offer valuable theoretical insights for emotional design in games and the design of mechanisms for preventing game addiction.

Event-related prefrontal activations during online video game playing are modulated by game mechanics, physiological arousal and the amount of daily playing

There is a trend to study human brain functions in ecological contexts and in relation to human factors. In this study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to record real-time prefrontal activities in 42 male university student habitual video game players when they played a round of multiplayer online battle arena game, League of Legends. A content-based event coding approach was used to analyze regional activations in relation to event type, physiological arousal indexed by heart rate (HR) change, and individual characteristics of the player. Game events Slay and Slain were found to be associated with similar HR and prefrontal responses before the event onset, but differential responses after the event onset. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activation preceding the Slay onset correlated positively with HR change, whereas activations in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and rostral frontal pole area (FPAr) preceding the Slain onset were predicted by self-reported hours of weekly playing (HoWP). Together, these results provide empirical evidence to support the notion that event-related regional prefrontal activations during online video game playing are shaped by game mechanics, in-game dynamics of physiological arousal and individual characteristics the players.

Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Games: Attractive Matchmaking via Group Role Assignment

Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Games: Attractive Matchmaking via Group Role Assignment

The application of artificial intelligence in MOBA games

With the development of science and technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly and made great progress in various fields, and its application in the field of electronic games has also continued to expand. Currently, front-end companies in all major gaming fields are trying to apply AI technology to games. This article will review some specific application projects of artificial intelligence in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games, and explore its application, impact and future development direction in games. The paper found that AI can currently adapt well to the game development rhythm of MOBA games, helping developers solve many problems related to game design or enhance the fun of the game, such as: using AI to improve the intelligence of intelligent non-player characters (NPCs), helping to adjust and improve Game balance and adaptability, as well as helping to predict game results and improve players' gaming experience. In the future, AI will not only be further used in MOBA games, but many games will also apply AI to games to achieve game development and market competitiveness.

The Application of Machine Learning in Predicting the Results of Popular eSports Games: Win Rate Prediction in MOBA and FPS Games

Electronic Sports (eSports) are one of the most prevalent entertainments in modern society. As eSports is gaining more and more popularity over time, a proper evaluation system that can accurately analyze and predict players’ performance is indispensable. Therefore, machine learning is proposed as an effective prediction tool in the studying of data from eSports matches so that eSports teams can utilize it to ameliorate their future accomplishments. Two popular eSports game types (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena and First Person Shooter) are analyzed. Common features they share include communication, equipment, economy, and so on. Correct hero pick is the most predominant factor in MOBA games. Research shows that machine learning models like Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, and Neural Networks can effectively combine hero selection data to predict the outcome of a game. On the other hand, the most important factor in FPS games is the in-game equipment each round. Additional research proves that Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, and Neural Networks are the most powerful models for predicting the team win rate. This paper can serve as an instruction for applying machine learning methods to making predictions in eSports games. Meanwhile, it can provide available techniques to help professional eSports teams improve their competitive level and future in-game understanding as well.

Application of transcranial alternating current stimulation to improve eSports-related cognitive performance.

Electronic Sports (eSports) is a popular and still emerging sport. Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) and First/Third Person Shooting Games (FPS/TPS) require excellent visual attention abilities. Visual attention involves specific frontal and parietal areas, and is associated with alpha coherence. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a principally suitable tool to improve cognitive functions by modulation of regional oscillatory cortical networks that alters regional and larger network connectivity. In this single-blinded crossover study, 27 healthy college students were recruited and exposed to 10 Hz tACS of the right frontoparietal network. Subjects conducted a Visual Spatial Attention Distraction task in three phases: T0 (pre-stimulation), T1 (during stimulation), T2 (after-stimulation), and an eSports performance task which contained three games ("Exact Aiming," "Flick Aiming," "Press Reaction") before and after stimulation. The results showed performance improvements in the "Exact Aiming" task and hint for a prevention of reaction time performance decline in the "Press Reaction" task in the real, as compared to the sham stimulation group. We also found a significant decrease of reaction time in the visual spatial attention distraction task at T1 compared to T0 in the real, but not sham intervention group. However, accuracy and inverse efficiency scores (IES) did not differ between intervention groups in this task. These results suggest that 10 Hz tACS over the right frontal and parietal cortex might improve eSports-related skill performance in specific tasks, and also improve visual attention in healthy students during stimulation. This tACS protocol is a potential tool to modulate neurocognitive performance involving tracking targets, and might be a foundation for the development of a new concept to enhance eSports performance. This will require however proof in real life scenarios, as well optimization.

Gaya Komunikasi Komunitas BRIC Esports dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Efektivitas Strategi Dalam Bermain Mobile Legends

The development of online games itself cannot be separated from the development of computer technology and computer networks themselves. Mobile Legends: Bang Bang is a type of Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) game that features 5 vs 5 battles, classic 3 lane battles. The method used in this research uses a qualitative approach as a method or way to achieve research objectives. This research uses a data analysis method that includes reduction and interpretation. Researchers collected data in the field by writing down findings into small notes on observations made and transcribing the results of interviews that have been obtained. This research explains how the BRIC Esports community's communication style in an effort to increase the effectiveness of strategies in playing Mobile Legends. This research is useful to be a reference and information for other communities or organizations in order to be better at choosing communication styles, especially in efforts to increase the effectiveness of strategies in playing Mobile Legends. The results of this study indicate that the communication style of the BRIC Esports community in an effort to increase the effectiveness of strategies in playing Mobile Legends, namely equalitarian style, dynamic style, controlling style, structuring style, and relinguishing style.

Deep learning in multiplayer online battle arena games

Multiplayer Online Battle Arena games, known as MOBA in abbreviation, are developing rapidly, and more and more new players are growing interests to it. But some parts of these games are quite complicate for those beginners, such as how to pick appropriate champions, how to choose suitable items for purchasing, what is the win rate for current game session and how to make correct strategy decisions. This paper summarized some works, that can help players to solve those complicate parts and understand the game well, using machine learning and deep learning models. These works have all proved their feasibility according to either their result comparing with other baseline methods, or simulating some game sessions played by or against AI using their champion picking, item purchasing and strategy making suggestions. There are also some limitations of these works and some improvements of using machine learning and deep learning in MOBA game industry mentioned in this paper.

Learning English Literacy through Video Games: A Multimodal Perspective

Multimodal analysis in learning English literacy is meant to be an eye-opener for future research related to video games as didactic tools as they are comparatively less studied, although there has been rapid growth in the multimedia industry in the past decades. The data in the present study were taken from three different video game genres: Role Playing Game (RPG), Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA), and FPS (First Person Shooter), with two different titles for each genre. The data examined in this study were elements of composition and ten student game players. The compositional features in the collected data from the respective footage of the video games were based on a visual grammar by Kress and Leeuwen (2006) This research utilized the interactive model of qualitative data analysis by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014) in analyzing the compositional features. It consists of three parts: data condensation, data display, and drawing and verifying conclusion. After analyzing the composition, the players were interviewed to gather the vocabulary learned through the process of playing the games. This study found that in terms of composition features: 37 elements of information values, 37 saliences, and 36 framings. It can be concluded that these genres own more maximum disconnection framing than maximum connection. However, these students categorized fighting genre and shooting genre elements without centered information value. The implications of the study towards learning the English language are: in the first place, video games can be one the useful media to teach students reading and speaking literacy skills, especially vocabulary and historical knowledge. Secondly, these games help the players acquire the English language subconsciously and make them enjoy the learning process.

Bibliometric Analysis Toxicity Levels of MOBA Game Players Among Students and the General Public

Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games have become a global phenomenon in the gaming industry. This article aims to examine the evolution, impact, and social aspects of MOBA games. We analyzed various literature sources, including scientific journals, articles, and research reports relevant to the keyword "MOBA." In our analysis, we see the development of MOBA games from their beginnings as modified real-time strategy (RTS) games to become a very popular standalone game genre. We also investigated the influence of MOBA games on mental health, social behavior, and addiction rates among players. Abstract P-ISSN: 2302-8734 Abstract Additionally, we explore social aspects such as communication within teams, development of collaborative skills, and learning related to MOBA gaming. Our research results show that MOBA games have a significant impact on players, both positive and negative. In a positive aspect, this game can improve social skills, strategic thinking skills, and team coordination. http://jurnal.umt.ac.id/index.php/jt/index E-ISSN: 2581-0006 Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games have become a global phenomenon in the gaming industry. This article aims to examine the evolution, impact, and social aspects of MOBA games. We analyzed various literature sources, including scientific journals, articles, and research reports relevant to the keyword "MOBA." In our analysis, we see the development of MOBA games from their beginnings as modified real-time strategy (RTS) games to become a very popular standalone game genre. We also investigated the influence of MOBA games on mental health, social behavior, and addiction rates among players. Additionally, we explore social aspects such as communication within teams, development of collaborative skills, and learning related to MOBA gaming. Our research results show that MOBA games have a significant impact on players, both positive and negative. In a positive aspect, this game can improve social skills, strategic thinking skills, and team coordination. However, there is also a risk of high levels of addiction and mental health disorders associated with excessive use. This research provides in-depth insight into the MOBA gaming phenomenon and the importance of understanding social aspects and their impact. However, there is also a risk of high levels of addiction and mental health disorders associated with excessive use. This research provides in-depth insight into the MOBA gaming phenomenon and the importance of understanding social aspects and their impact.
 Keywords: Bibliometric, Online Games, MOBA, Toxicity, Student.

Study of the Influence of Online Games on Adolescent Psychology in Parungponteng District: Analysis of Intensity of Use, Type of Game, and Psychological Impact

This research aims to examine the influence of online games on adolescent psychology in Parungponteng District. By collecting data from 30 respondents through questionnaires, this research analyzed the intensity of game use, the types of games played, and the psychological impact of online game addiction on teenagers. The research results show that teenagers tend to spend an average of 15 hours per week playing online games, with the majority choosing Role-Playing Games (RPG) and Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games. The psychological impacts of online gaming addiction include a lack of interest in other activities and feelings of anxiety when unable to play. The implications of this research include educational awareness of game use, development of educational games, the active role of parents and educators, as well as the development of time management skills.

Game Behaviors among Adolescent MOBA Gamers in China: The Effects of Demographics, Trait Aggression, and Game Motivations

Abstract Game behaviors affect gamers’ psychological and behavioral development in real life. Previous studies have shown that demographic and basic personality traits are associated with game behaviors in massively multiplayer online role-playing games. However, little is known about the roles of trait aggression and game motivations, especially in multiplayer online battle arena games. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate how demographic, trait aggression, and game motivations affect multiplayer online battle arena game behaviors. A total of 1,316 Chinese adolescent gamers who play Honor of Kings responded to questions related to demographic information, trait aggression, game motivations (socializer, competitor, escapist, story-driven, completionist, and smart-enhance), and game behaviors (aggressing, winning, creating, and helping). The multiple linear regression model results showed that males, socializers, completionists, and smart-enhance were more likely to exhibit aggressing, winning, creating, and helping behaviors. Trait aggression predicted aggressing, winning, and creating behaviors. Moreover, age and competitor scale positively predicted aggressing and winning behaviors. Meanwhile, escapists tended to engage in aggressing and creating behaviors, and story-driven players exhibited creating and helping behaviors. These results may be useful in explaining individual differences in game behaviors and the relationships between video-game and real-life behaviors for gamers.

Beyond the Screen: Do Esports Participants Really Have More Physical Health Problems?

This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between esports participation and physical health and examine the difference in physical health problems between esports participants and non-esports participants. A total of 1549 young adults participated in this investigation. A total of 633 participants were categorized as esports participants, and they were involved in six types of esports games: shooting games, multiplayer online battle arena games, strategy card games, sports games, real-time strategy games, and fighting games. An online survey was conducted to gather data on their demographic information, gaming behavior, traditional sports behavior, and physical health problems. The results demonstrated that esports players reported significantly higher participation in traditional sports compared to non-esports players. No significant differences were found in sleep duration or the selected physical health issues between the two groups. Overall, the findings suggest that esports participation was not associated with negative physical health in this sample of young adults. Furthermore, this study found that players who conscientiously took intermittent breaks and maintained a standardized sitting posture during gameplay had a lower likelihood of reporting neck and back pain. These findings have important implications for challenging conventional negative perceptions of esports and promoting a more objective understanding and appreciation of esports and the sustainable development of esports players. Future research is necessary to explore potential causal relationships between esports participation and health outcomes and to develop a healthier esports practice modality from a sports science perspective.

Taking the MOBA (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena) Game "League of Legends" as a Study Case

By 2020, the actual sales of China's game market reached 296.513 billion yuan, an increase of 17.826 billion yuan over the previous year, a year-on-year increase of 6.40%. Officially, in 2021, games and e-sports were written into the "14th Five-Year Plan" cultural industry plan, and in the people, more and more e-sports schools have sprung up, and more parents have begun to understand and accept the existence of games. As a hot topic in recent years, the game industry should receive more attention, so this article takes the design of characters in video games as the starting point to make some research on how games develop and maintain customers, hoping that everyone can trigger more thinking about the game industry.

Psychology Behind Aggressive Language Used in Honor of Kings

Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) on mobile phones is one of the most popular gaming styles in recent years. One of the representative games is Honor of Kings. People search for entertainment and emotional release in the game. This creates the problem of aggressive language use in Honor of Kings. This paper investigates the phenomenon of aggressive language in Honor of Kings and the psychology and reasons behind it. Analysis of existing literature and research on similar topics were used in this paper to examine the psychology and reasons. Factors like anonymity, competitiveness, and sexism were identified and analyzed in this paper as potential influencers of abusive language use in Honor of Kings. Based on this result, this paper provided several suggestions to help improve the gaming environment, including strengthening the reporting mechanism, strengthening the audit of the abusive language and increasing education and awareness of the use of abusive language.

The Relationship Between Game Online Addiction and The Tendency for Verbal Agressiveness in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena

Playing online games is an activity that is popular with various groups, not only children or adolescents, playing online games is also widely practiced by early adults to the elderly. Verbal aggression occurs due to online game addiction, so self-control is needed for Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) users. This game emphasizes the cooperative nature of each player, the players will choose and control one game character that is mastered, and will form a strategy for the team which is a strong unit of various abilities and advantages that are unique and different from each character. in the game being played. This study aims to determine the relationship between online game addiction and verbal aggressive tendencies in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) players. The research method used is quantitative research methods. The subjects in this study were men and women aged 18-25 years, who were obtained using a nonprobability sampling technique with the accidental sampling method. The research data was tested using the Cronbach's alpha reliability test using the SPSS 23.0 application. The measuring tools used in this research are online game addiction scale and verbal aggressiveness scale. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between addiction to online games of the Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) type and the tendency for verbal aggressive behavior was 0.709 (p <0.000) meaning that there was a significant positive relationship between online game addiction for moba and verbal aggressive behavior.