Multinational Nongovernmental Organizations Research Articles

Remote work arrangement: An investigation on the influence of team’s innovative performance in multinational NGOs in Jordan

As the workforce worldwide goes through a transformative shift towards remote work, this paper discusses the positive effects of this quite flexible work arrangement on team’s innovation performance (TIP) in multinational, non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Adopting cross-sectional, quantitative research design, empirical data were collected through a survey of 268 employees of multinational NGOs operating in Jordan. The collected data were, then, analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis showed that remote work has significant, positive effects on TIP in NGOs. Of the various remote work features investigated, spatial flexibility has the highest effect. The study results contribute to the ongoing discourse on the future of the work styles and have implications for leaders, policymakers, and practitioners who seek promoting innovation in multinational NGOs.

An overview of groundwater and sanitation challenges in Kisumu City, Kenya

The sub-surface is used in most parts of Africa as a repository of human waste and as a source of groundwater through pit latrines and shallow wells respectively. The wells provide freshwater to millions of people in Africa who are either not connected to the piped water or have intermittent supplies. These shallow wells are hand dug and therefore are mostly less than 20 meters in depth. This same sub-surface environment is also used as a repository of human waste through pit latrines. The water points and the sanitation facilities are mostly located close to each other. This study aimed at appraising the groundwater and sanitation challenges based on a rapid survey, sampling, interviews, existing literature review and historical borehole data in Kisumu city, Kenya. Previous studies in the area have shown that the number of shallow wells, city buildings, density of unimproved pit latrines and sanitary risks have increased tremendously between 1999 and 2019. Most of the wells are shallow and therefore prone to contamination by pollutants. Fluoride and chloride content in most boreholes are above the recommended WHO maximum values and the local KEBS standards. The study confirmed that the main water and sanitation challenges in Kisumu are poor and deteriorating water quality, poor waste disposal management systems and poor sanitation services. There is need for the introduction of new and sustainable groundwater approaches supported by scientific models and involving all stakeholders. Current deficiencies in the provision of adequate water and dignified sanitation to the poor in Kisumu can be remedied through improved knowledge on shallow aquifer dynamics and innovative research. It was noted that apart from the donor agencies and multi-national NGOs, the private investors are unwilling to invest in water projects in Kisumu due in part to government legislation that constrains the cost that may be levied on water

Estimating the elimination feasibility in the 'end game' of control efforts for parasites subjected to regular mass drug administration: Methods and their application to schistosomiasis.

Progress towards controlling and eliminating parasitic worms, including schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and lymphatic filariasis, is advancing rapidly as national governments, multinational NGOs, and pharmaceutical companies launch collaborative chemotherapeutic control campaigns. Critical questions remain regarding the potential for achieving elimination of these infections, and analytical methods can help to quickly estimate progress towards—and the probability of achieving—elimination over specific timeframes. Here, we propose the effective reproduction number, Reff, as a proxy of elimination potential for sexually reproducing worms that are subject to poor mating success at very low abundance (positive density dependence, or Allee effects). Reff is the number of parasites produced by a single reproductive parasite at a given stage in the transmission cycle, over the parasite’s lifetime—it is the generalized form of the more familiar basic reproduction number, R0, which only applies at the beginning of an epidemic—and it can be estimated in a ‘model-free’ manner by an estimator (‘ε’). We introduce ε, demonstrate its estimation using simulated data, and discuss how it may be used in planning and evaluation of ongoing elimination efforts for a range of parasitic diseases.

Reporting standards for adverse events after medical device use in the peripheral vascular system

New York, NY;Phoenix, Ariz; Houston, Tex; London, Ontario, Canada; Delhi, India; Silver Spring, Md; and Lewiston, MeAdverse event reporting after medical device implanta-tion is essential to understanding the safety and perfor-mance of a device. Standardization of reporting attainsgreat importance when comparing different devices andfor the ongoing surveillance of a marketed device.Although some work has been done to standardize adverseevent reporting for medical devices, a single reference withrecommendations that span investigational and postmarketuse does not exist.Standardization of nomenclature for reporting vascularconditions is one of the objectives of the Society forVascular Surgery (SVS) in its Bylaws.

Biodiversity conservation: Applying new criteria to assess excellence

Biodiversity conservation is a discipline that has developed from amateur pursuits by wildlife enthusiasts in the 1960s to today's complex community of multi-national NGOs, government agencies and research institutions. The conservation sector is largely funded by government grants, private donations and sponsorship, and unsurprisingly faces increasing scrutiny in the current economic downturn. Furthermore, the observed failure to halt the decline of biodiversity provides additional pressure to organisations. In this context, business excellence models which have been utilised across many other sectors for evaluation, benchmarking and improvement planning could prove valuable in influencing the effectiveness of conservation management. This paper presents a sector-specific Conservation Excellence Model which describes how conservation managers can better understand how scientific processes and results can be aligned with financial and organisational measures of success. The relevance of the model is illustrated through evaluation of two well-documented species conservation programmes, and experience of adapting the assessment process to evaluate a field-based conservation programme is also presented. The potential benefits of using the Conservation Excellence Model include improved objective setting, more effective measures of biological success and clearer evaluation of conservation processes. The paper illustrates how assessment models can support improvement in organisations still unfamiliar with concepts of excellence.

NGOS AS MULTINATIONALS: THE IMPLICATIONS OF DIVERSIFICATION.

The article discusses nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as multinational institutions. Challenges faced by multinational NGOs (MNGOs) in the course of geographic diversification are described. T...