Multimodal Imaging Technology Research Articles

Spectrum of retinal microvascular ischemia in patients with COVID-19 based on multimodal imaging

PurposeTo describe and evaluate the multimodal imaging findings in retinal microvascular ischemia associated with COVID-19 infection. MethodsPatients with COVID-19 associated retinal microvascular ischemia and visiting the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital from December 2022, to February 2023, were documented and their multimodal images were retrospectively reviewed. Retinal microvascular ischemia was defined as the presence of isolated or multiple focal retinal whitening(s) on color fundus images. Patients with retinal vessel occlusion or retinopathies secondary to systematic disorders diagnosed before infection were excluded. ResultsA total of 32 eyes from 21 patients were included, 24 (75.00 %) eyes with multiple retinal whitenings, while 8 (25.00 %) eyes with isolated lesions. When divided by the types of ischemia, 9 (28.13 %) eyes had only inner retinal involvement (known as cotton wool spot, CWS), 4 (12.50 %) eyes had only middle retinal involvement (known as paracentral acute middle maculopathy, PAMM), and 19 (59.38 %) eyes had both. In addition, 4 (12.50 %) eyes had coincident angular sign of Henle fiber layer hyperreflectivity (ASHH). Patients with hypertension tended to have multiple lesions rather than isolated lesion of retinal microvascular ischemia (P = 0.008). Transient uncontrolled high blood pressure or acute kidney injury was simultaneously detected in some cases. ConclusionsOcular manifestation of COVID-19 associated microvascular ischemia can be variable, including CWS, PAMM and ASHH. Multimodal fundus imaging technologies are useful tools to reveal involved retinal layers, extent, and severity. Moreover, ocular manifestations may serve as a window of COVID-19 related microcirculation in other systems throughout the body.

The Correction Method for Wavefront Aberration Caused by Spectrum-Splitting Filters in Multi-Modal Optical Imaging System

In current biomedical and environmental detection, multi-modal optical imaging technology is playing an increasingly important role. By utilizing information from dimensions such as spectra and polarization, it reflects the detailed characteristics and material properties of the targets. However, as detection system performance becomes more complex, issues such as aberrations introduced by multilayered lenses, signal attenuation, decreased polarization sensitivity, and latency can no longer be ignored. These factors directly affect the assessment of image details, influencing subsequent analyses. In this paper, we propose a method for designing and optimizing spectrum-splitting filters that considers the wavefront aberration and transmittance of the multi-modal optical imaging system. The method of optimizing coating phases to minimize scalar phase aberrations while maximizing system transmission leads to substantially improved imaging performance. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the method can improve the imaging performance. The proposed approach has potential applications in fields such as biomedical field, multi-spectral, remote sensing and microscopy.

Diagnostic value of multimodal cardiovascular imaging technology coupled with biomarker detection in elderly patients with coronary heart disease

Aims/Background Coronary heart disease is a common disease in the elderly and has a complex pathogenesis, which complicates the clinical diagnostic process. Thus, enhancing the diagnostic efficiency for coronary heart disease is imperative to improve the life expectancy of the elderly. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of multimodal cardiovascular imaging technology coupled with biomarker detection in elderly patients with coronary heart disease. Methods The medical records of 421 patients with suspected coronary heart disease obtained from the geriatric department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from February 2020 to February 2023 were retrospectively analysed. After excluding 10 patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria, the remaining 411 patients were included in this study. The included subjects had undergone coronary computed tomography angiography and were divided into coronary heart disease group (n=208) and non-coronary heart disease group (n=203) according to the diagnostic results. Multimodal cardiovascular imaging (coronary computed tomography angiography and echocardiography) and detection of serum biomarkers such as small dense low-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein a, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were performed in both groups. The clinical indicators of the two groups were compared, and the combined diagnostic efficacy of multimodal cardiovascular imaging and biomarker detection was evaluated. Results Compared to the non-coronary heart disease group, the coronary heart disease group had significantly higher levels of maximum area stenosis, total plaque volume, total plaque burden and fibrotic plaque volume (p < ..001), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction level (p < ..001). Additionally, the coronary heart disease group exhibited higher levels of left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume and stroke volume than the non-coronary heart disease group (p < ..001), and had higher levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein a and gamma-glutamyl transferase (p < ..001). Our results demonstrated that combined diagnosis had better diagnostic efficacy than individual approaches, marked by higher area under the curve and sensitivity of the former (p < ..001). Conclusion Multimodal cardiovascular imaging technology combined with biomarker detection can distinctly improve the accuracy of coronary heart disease diagnosis in elderly patients.

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot and Anomalous Left Coronary Artery Origin

We describe a rare and extremely challenging case of transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation in repaired tetralogy of Fallot and anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery from the right coronary sinus. Procedural planning based on advanced multimodality imaging and 3-dimensional technology proved to be the key to procedural success.

Infectious Myelopathies.

Infectious myelopathy of any stage and etiology carries the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. This article details the clinical presentation, risk factors, and key diagnostic components of infectious myelopathies with the goal of improving the recognition of these disorders and guiding subsequent management. Despite our era of advanced multimodal imaging and laboratory diagnostic technology, a causative organism often remains unidentified in suspected infectious and parainfectious myelopathy cases. To improve diagnostic capability, newer technologies such as metagenomics are being harnessed to develop diagnostic assays with a greater breadth of data from each specimen and improvements in infection identification. Conventional assays have been optimized for improved sensitivity and specificity. Prompt recognition and treatment of infectious myelopathy decreases morbidity and mortality. The key diagnostic tools include serologies, CSF analysis, and imaging; however clinical presentation, epidemiologic risk factors, and history of recent illness are all vital to making the proper diagnosis because current laboratory and imaging modalities are often inconclusive. The cornerstone of recommended treatment is targeted antimicrobials with appropriate immune modulation, surgical intervention, supportive care, and interdisciplinary involvement, all of which further improve outcomes for patients with infectious myelopathy.

Coronary calcifications, the Achilles heel in coronary interventions.

Percutaneous coronary intervention in severely calcified coronaries has been associated with higher rates of procedural complications, including myocardial infarction and death in addition to increased frequency of coronary revascularization on an intermediate and long-term basis. The SYNTAX score, which is designed to assess the complexity of coronary artery disease and aids in choosing a revascularization method, allocates two points per lesion when there is heavy calcification present on fluoroscopy. With the advent of novel multimodality imaging technologies, the detection and evaluation of coronary calcifications improved significantly over the last decade. Several tools are now available for modifying calcified lesions including different types of dedicated balloons and atherectomy devices, which may create some degree of confusion regarding the suitable application of each instrument. The aim of this review is to cover this vital topic from different aspects. First, we tried to provide an overview on the pathophysiology and types of coronary calcification and its risk factors. Then, we outlined the available imaging modalities for the evaluation of calcified coronary lesions, highlighting the points of strength and weakness of each of them. A comprehensive discussion of calcium-modifying techniques was elaborated, summarizing their mechanism of action, pros and cons, and possible complications. Finally, an integrated algorithm was proposed for the best management of calcified coronary lesions.

Individualized bio-scaffold encapsulating siPTEN-loaded exosomes for promoting neuronal regeneration in spinal cord injury

Biological scaffold implants loaded with exosomes were acknowledged as a promising strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury. In this study, we constructed an individualized biomimetic scaffold based on combination of multimodal imaging and 3D printing technology, featuring sustained release, biodegradability, and strongly biocompatibility. The scaffold incorporated mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to alleviate inflammatory response in microenvironment and reduce scar formation of ECM molecule deposition. Furthermore, to effectively enhance neuronal repair and regeneration, siRNAs targeting PTEN were introduced into exosomes. The engineered exosomes within scaffold induced endogenous neuronal regeneration and enhanced axonal growth through PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, implantation of scaffold could bridge the severed ends, thus providing spatial signals to modulate the organization of neural cells, facilitating the reconstruction of complex neural networks, and restoring nerve conduction. Collectively, the individualized 3D printed bio-scaffold encapsulated siPTEN-loaded exosomes could offer great promise for the prospective clinical translation in spinal cord injury therapy.

The effect of tumor vascular remodeling and immune microenvironment activation induced by radiotherapy: quantitative evaluation with magnetic resonance/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging.

Tumor radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for solid tumors has been proposed, but tumor vascular structure abnormalities and immune microenvironment often affect the therapeutic effect of tumor, and multimodal imaging technology can provide more accurate and comprehensive information in tumor research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dynamic monitoring of tumor blood vessels and microenvironment induced by radiotherapy by magnetic resonance/photoacoustic (MR/PA) imaging, and to explore its application value in radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly allocated into six groups, which received different doses of radiation therapy (2 Gy ×14 or 8 Gy ×3) and anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody for two consecutive weeks. MR/PA imaging was used to noninvasively evaluate the response of tumor to different doses of radiotherapy, combined with histopathological techniques to observe the tumor vessels and microenvironment. The inhibitory effect of high-dose radiotherapy on tumors was significantly greater than that of low-dose radiotherapy, with the MR images revealing that the signal intensity decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with those in the other groups, the tumor vascular density decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the vascular maturity index increased significantly in the low-dose group (P<0.05). The PA images showed that the deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin levels decreased and the SO2 level increased after radiation treatment (P<0.05). In addition, the high-dose group had an increased number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells) (P<0.01, P<0.05) and natural killer cells (P<0.001) and increased PD-L1 expression in the tumors (P<0.05). The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy increased the survival rate of the mice (P<0.05), and a regimen of an 8 Gy dose of radiation combined with immunotherapy inhibited tumor growth and increased the survival rate of the mice to a greater degree than the 2 Gy radiation dose with immunotherapy combination (P=0.002). Differential fractionation radiotherapy doses exert biological effects on tumor vascular and the immune microenvironment, and MR/PA can be used to evaluate tumor vascular remodeling after radiotherapy, which has certain value for the clinical applications of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy.

In vivo evaluation of liver function by multimodal imaging in an alcohol-induced liver injury model.

Visually evaluating liver function is a hot topic in hepatology research. There are few reliable and practical visualization methods for evaluating the liver function in vivo in experimental studies. In this study, we established a multimodal imaging approach for in vivo liver function evaluation and compared healthy mice with chronic alcoholic liver injury (cALI) model mice to explore its potential applicability in experimental research. In vivo fluorescence imaging (IVFI) technology was utilized to visually represent the clearance of indocyanine green from the liver of both healthy mice and mice with cALI. The reserve liver function was evaluated via IVFI using the Cy5.5-galactosylated polylysine probe, which targets the asialoglycoprotein receptor of hepatocytes. Hepatic microcirculation was assessed through laser speckle perfusion imaging of hepatic blood perfusion. The liver microstructure was then investigated by in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopy imaging. Finally, hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor expression, histology, and the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were measured. In vivo multimodal imaging results intuitively and dynamically showed that indocyanine green clearance [mean ± standard deviation (SD): 30.83±14.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 20.3 to 41.35], the fluorescence signal intensity (mean ± SD: 1,217.92±117.63; 95% CI: 1,148.38 to 1,290.84) and fluorescence aggregation area (mean ± SD: 5,855.80±1,271.81; 95% CI: 5,051.57 to 6,653.88) of Cy5.5-galactosylated polylysine targeting the asialoglycoprotein receptor, and hepatic blood perfusion (mean ± SD: 1,494.86±299.33; 95% CI: 1,316.98 to 1,690.16) in model mice were significantly lower than those in healthy mice (all P<0.001). Compared to healthy mice, the model mice exhibited a significant decline in liver asialoglycoprotein receptor expression (mean ± SD: 219.03±16.34; 95% CI: 208.97 to 230.69; P<0.001), increased serum alanine aminotransferase (mean ± SD: 149.70±47.89 U/L; 95% CI: 81.75 to 128.89; P=0.01) and aspartate aminotransferase levels (mean ± SD: 106.30±36.13 U/L; 95% CI: 122.01 to 180.17; P=0.021), hepatocyte swelling and deformation, disappearance of the hepatic cord structure, partial necrosis, and disintegration of hepatocytes. The imaging features of fluorescence signals in liver regions, hepatic blood perfusion and microstructure were biologically related to hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor expression, serum indices of liver function, and histopathology in model mice. Utilizing in vivo multimodal imaging technology to assess liver function is a viable approach for experimental research, providing dynamic and intuitive visual evaluations in a rapid manner.

3D PET/CT Tumor Co-Segmentation Based on Background Subtraction Hybrid Active Contour Model

Accurate tumor segmentation in medical images plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and disease analysis. However, medical images usually have great complexity, such as low contrast of computed tomography (CT) or low spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET). In the actual radiotherapy plan, multimodal imaging technology, such as PET/CT, is often used. PET images provide basic metabolic information and CT images provide anatomical details. In this paper, we propose a 3D PET/CT tumor co-segmentation framework based on active contour model. First, a new edge stop function (ESF) based on PET image and CT image is defined, which combines the grayscale standard deviation information of the image and is more effective for blurry medical image edges. Second, we propose a background subtraction model to solve the problem of uneven grayscale level in medical images. Apart from that, the calculation format adopts the level set algorithm based on the additive operator splitting (AOS) format. The solution is unconditionally stable and eliminates the dependence on time step size. Experimental results on a dataset of 50 pairs of PET/CT images of non-small cell lung cancer patients show that the proposed method has a good performance for tumor segmentation.

The use of image synthesis techniques in target and roi delineation in the upright position.

The use of multi-modality imaging technologies such as CT, MRI, and PET imaging is state of the art for radiation therapy treatment planning. Except for a limited number of low magnetic field MR scanners the majority of such imaging technologies can only image the patient in a recumbent position. Delivering radiation therapy treatments with the patient in an upright orientation has many benefits and several companies are now developing upright patient positioners combined with upright diagnostic helical CT scanners to facilitate upright radiation therapy treatments. Due to the directional changes in the gravitational forces on the patient's body, most structures and organs will change position and shape between the recumbent and upright positions. Detailed knowledge about such structures and organs are therefore often only available in the recumbent position. The problem statement is therefore well defined, that is, how do we know where such structures and organs, that is, the target or region at risk volumes, are in the upright position if those cannot be identified and or delineated accurately enough using the upright diagnostic quality CT images only? This paper outlines two methods based on synthetic CT or MR images to overcome this problem.

Preparation of thrombin-loaded calcium alginate microspheres with dual-mode imaging and study on their embolic properties in vivo

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has played a huge role in the interventional treatment of organ bleeding and accidental bleeding. Choosing bio-embolization materials with good biocompatibility is an important part of TAE. In this work, we prepared a calcium alginate embolic microsphere using high-voltage electrostatic droplet technology. The microsphere simultaneously encapsulated silver sulfide quantum dots (Ag2S QDs) and barium sulfate (BaSO4), and fixed thrombin on its surface. Thrombin can achieve an embolic effect while stopping bleeding. The embolic microsphere has good near-infrared two-zone (NIR-II) imaging and X-ray imaging effects, and the luminous effect of NIR-II is better than that of X-rays. This breaks the limitations of traditional embolic microspheres that only have X-ray imaging. And the microspheres have good biocompatibility and blood compatibility. Preliminary application results show that the microspheres can achieve a good embolization effect in the ear arteries of New Zealand white rabbits, and can be used as an effective material for arterial embolization and hemostasis. This work realizes the clinical embolization application of NIR-II combined with X-ray multimodal imaging technology in biomedical imaging, achieving complementary advantages and excellent results, more suitable for studying biological changes and clinical applications.

Methods for real-time feature-guided image fusion of intrasurgical volumetric optical coherence tomography with digital microscopy.

4D-microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (4D-MIOCT) is an emergent multimodal imaging technology in which live volumetric OCT (4D-OCT) is implemented in tandem with standard stereo color microscopy. 4D-OCT provides ophthalmic surgeons with many useful visual cues not available in standard microscopy; however it is challenging for the surgeon to effectively integrate cues from simultaneous-but-separate imaging in real-time. In this work, we demonstrate progress towards solving this challenge via the fusion of data from each modality guided by segmented 3D features. In this way, a more readily interpretable visualization that combines and registers important cues from both modalities is presented to the surgeon.

Two-in-One Visual Gelatin Embolization Microspheres for Precise Localization and Rapid Embolization Studies

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has played a huge role in interventional therapy and tumor embolization of organ hemorrhage and accidental hemorrhage. The selection of embolic materials with better biocompatibility is an important part of TAE. In this work, we prepared a gelatin microspheres (GMs) embolization material that simultaneously encapsulates silver sulfide quantum dots (Ag2S QDs) and barium sulfate (BaSO4), giving it good near-infrared second region (NIR-II) imaging and X-ray imaging effects, while luminescence effect of NIR-II is better than that of X-ray, which breaks the limitation of traditional embolization microspheres with only X-ray imaging. In order to improve the therapeutic effect on tumors, we loaded doxorubicin (DOX) antitumor drugs inside the microspheres and bound thrombin on the surface of the microspheres. Thereby, not only can it help achieve rapid embolization during hemostasis, but its sustained release can also accelerate tumor necrosis. The microspheres have good biocompatibility and blood compatibility. Preliminary application results show that the microspheres can achieve a good embolization effect in the ear artery and renal artery of New Zealand white rabbits. Thus, they can be used as a potential embolization system for drug delivery as well as an effective material for arterial embolization and hemostasis. Significantly, this work realizes the clinical embolization application of NIR-II combined with X-ray multimodal imaging technology in biomedical imaging.

Multimodal microscopic imaging with deep learning for highly effective diagnosis of breast cancer

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of breast cancer is particularly important since it becomes the primary malignant tumor threatening women's health. Although pathological diagnosis with H&E staining section is the gold standard in tumor diagnosis, it is hard to meet quick intraoperative inspection because of its complex procedures and hysteresis. This study adopts multimodal microscopic imaging technology (bright-field imaging, auto-fluorescence imaging and orthogonal polarization imaging) combined with deep learning to achieve rapid intelligent diagnosis of breast cancer by getting the rich information of tissue morphology, content and structure of collagen in tissue slices. By using both fusion classification models of multimodal images at pixel level and decision level, the AUC score and accuracy is 0.9366 and 89.01% for the pixel fusion classification, as well as 0.9421 and 87.53% for the decision fusion classification, respectively. The results suggest that the multimodal microscopic imaging technique proposed in this study has unique advantages in accuracy, speed and feasibility in clinic for breast cancer diagnosis, and has strong clinical potential and application prospects when combined with deep learning.

The role of invasive and non-invasive imaging technologies and calcium modification therapies in the evaluation and management of coronary artery calcifications.

The treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) has advanced significantly in recent years due to improvements in medical therapy and percutaneous or surgical revascularization. However, a persistent obstacle in the percutaneous management of CAD is coronary artery calcification (CAC), which portends to higher rates of procedural challenges, post-intervention complications, and overall poor prognosis. With the advent of novel multimodality imaging technologies spanning from intravascular ultrasound to optical coherence tomography to coronary computed tomography angiography combined with advances in calcium debulking and modification techniques, CACs are now targets for intervention with growing success. This review will summarize the most recent developments in the diagnosis and characterization of CAC, offer a comparison of the aforementioned imaging technologies including which ones are most suitable for specific clinical presentations, and review the CAC modifying therapies currently available.

Femtosecond assisted keratopigmentation (FAK) with a 5-millimeter diameter aperture does not affect ocular examination.

to assess the feasibility of performing a screening of ocular pathologies after Femtosecond laser Assisted Keratopigmentation (FAK) procedure in normal eyes with the aid of multimodal imaging technologies. A Retrospective cohort study. Thirty consecutive international patients (60 eyes) who underwent FAK for purely aesthetic reasons were chosen for this study. Data from medical records of 30 consecutive patients were retrieved after performing tests 6 months after surgery. Clinical examinations were performed by three ophthalmologists. The main purpose of this study was to see if routine examinations are feasible in patients operated on by the FAK and if the results can be interpreted as easily as in non-operated patients. Sixty eyes of thirty consecutive patients that underwent a screening of ocular pathologies at 6 months post FAK were included. 60% were female and 40% were males. Mean age was 36 years +/- 12 years. Screening of ocular pathologies using multimodal imaging tests or clinical examination was performed without any difficulties in acquisition or interpretation in 100% of patients (n = 30) except the endothelial cell count of the corneal periphery which was not possible. The direct examination of the iris periphery was possible at the slit lamp through the translucid pigment. The screening of ocular pathologies after purely aesthetic FAK surgery is feasible, except for pathologies of the peripheral posterior cornea.

Knowledge domain and dynamic patterns in multimodal molecular imaging from 2012 to 2021: A visual bibliometric analysis.

Multimodal molecular imaging technologies have been widely used to optimize medical research and clinical practice. Bibliometric analysis was performed to identify global research trends, hot spots, and scientific frontiers of multimodal molecular imaging technology from 2012 to 2021. The articles and reviews related to multimodal molecular imaging were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. A bibliometric study was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. A total of 4169 articles and reviews from 2012 to 2021 were analyzed. An increasing trend in the number of articles on multimodal molecular imaging technology was observed. These publications mainly come from 417 institutions in 92 countries, led by the USA and China. K. Bailey Freund published the most papers amongst the publications, while R.F. Spaide had the most co-citations. A dual map overlay of the literature shows that most publications were specialized in physics/materials/chemistry, and molecular/biology/immunology. Synergistic therapy in cancer, advanced nanotechnology, and multimodal imaging in ophthalmology are new trends and developing areas of interest. A global bibliometric and visualization analysis was used to comprehensively review the published research related to multimodal molecular imaging. This study may help in understanding the dynamic patterns of multimodal molecular imaging technology research and point out the developing areas of this field.

Optical and MRI Multimodal Tracing of Stem Cells In Vivo.

Stem cell therapy has shown great clinical potential in oncology, injury, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. However, due to the technical limitations of the in vivo visualization of transplanted stem cells, the therapeutic mechanisms and biosafety of stem cells in vivo are poorly defined, which limits the speed of clinical translation. The commonly used methods for the in vivo tracing of stem cells currently include optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine imaging. However, nuclear medicine imaging involves radioactive materials, MRI has low resolution at the cellular level, and optical imaging has poor tissue penetration in vivo. It is difficult for a single imaging method to simultaneously achieve the high penetration, high resolution, and noninvasiveness needed for in vivo imaging. However, multimodal imaging combines the advantages of different imaging modalities to determine the fate of stem cells in vivo in a multidimensional way. This review provides an overview of various multimodal imaging technologies and labeling methods commonly used for tracing stem cells, including optical imaging, MRI, and the combination of the two, while explaining the principles involved, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different combination schemes, and discussing the challenges and prospects of human stem cell tracking techniques.

Preliminary study on intravoxel incoherent motion imaging and diffusion kurtosis imaging based on magnetic resonance imaging of normal kidneys in children.

Renal disease in children may lead to a continuous decline of renal function. Multimodal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology can provide quantitative evaluation of renal function information. We investigated the feasibility of intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) based on 3.0T MRI for the assessment of normal renal function in children and then analyzed the changes in functional parameters during development. A total of 132 children with normal function of both kidneys were grouped according to age: ≤1 year old, 1-≤2 years old, 2-≤3 years old, 3-≤10 years old, and 10-≤14 years old. All subjects received renal IVIM examinations to obtain the measured values of true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (Dp), perfusion fraction (f), and DKI examinations to obtain the mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK) parameters of both kidneys. The differences of IVIM and DKI function indexes between the upper, middle and lower poles of the normal ipsilateral kidney, between the left and right kidneys, and between the renal cortex and medulla were compared. The correlations between the above parameters and age were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the IVIM and DKI parameters between the upper, middle and lower poles in the ipsilateral kidney. There was no significant difference between bilateral kidneys. The D, MD, and MK values of the renal cortex and medulla at the same age were statistically different. The D and MD values of the renal cortex were higher than those of the medulla; the MK value of the renal medulla was higher than that of the cortex. The Dp and f values of the renal cortex and medulla were not statistically different. Except for Dp, all functional parameters of the remaining renal cortex and medulla were related to age. IVIM and DKI functional imaging of children's normal kidneys can reflect the physiological characteristics and differences in the renal cortex and medulla, and their functional parameters have particular regularity with growth and development, suggesting that this technique has potential application value in children's kidney diseases.