Multimedia Groups Research Articles

Using Modern Learning Method to Teach Pharmacy Students Psychopharmacotherapy.

Applying modern educational methods for digital native students seems necessary. Active learning strategies promote students' skills and knowledge. This study was conducted to design and evaluate active learning methods by teaching psychopharmacotherapy to pharmacy students. This was a quasi-experimental study with three randomized study groups (control, game, and multimedia), using a pre-and post-test design, conducted on 155 students of 5-year pharmacy in 2022 at the Faculty of Pharmacy of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Overall, 18 clinical cases were designed for the basic structure of interventions. After teaching psychopharmacotherapy contents through lecturing, the pre-test was held. The next steps were playing the educational game, studying the multimedia case-based learning files, and then completing questionnaires, respectively. Then, a post-test was held. 65.33% of participants were female and 34.66% were male. The pre-test and post-test scores comparison showed no difference in control group (P=0.409). However, in the serious game and multimedia groups, the average score of pre-test and post-test had a statistically significant difference (P<0.001, P=0.002 respectively), this difference was higher in the serious game group. Questionnaire evaluation showed substantial differences between game and multimedia groups. The educational interventions were able to improve student's knowledge and skills so they can better help patients and promote public health. In the sections of Confidence, Social Interactions, Fun, Focused attention, Learnability, Relevance, and Perceived Learning, the serious game far outweighed the multimedia case-based learning.

A Comparative Study of the Impact of Education through the Infographic Method with the Multimedia Method in Increasing the Knowledge of Dentists and Dental Students in Birjand city Regarding the 2019 Coronavirus Disease

Introduction: Dentists are at the forefront of viral infections such as the new coronavirus. Considering the need for dentists to increase their knowledge about emerging diseases, this study compared the impact of education through the infographic with the multimedia in informing the dentists and dental students of Birjand City about the 2019 coronavirus disease.&#x0D; Methods: An interventional study was done in 2022 on 196 dentists and dental students in Birjand city, who were randomly divided into groups of education through infographic (n = 98) and education through multimedia (n = 98). The educational content was the same for the groups. A 40-point test was performed before and after the educational intervention, and the results were analyzed using chi-square and independent t-tests at a significance level of P &lt; 0.05.&#x0D; Results: The average pre-test scores in the infographic and multimedia groups were 28.69 ± 5.38 and 28.04 ± 6.47, respectively. There was no significant difference between the knowledge scores in the two groups before the intervention (P = 0.44). The average post-test scores in the multimedia and infographic groups were 38.83 ± 1.14 and 31.11 ± 3.19, respectively. The results of the statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference between the knowledge scores after the educational intervention (P = 0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Multimedia education is more effective than infographics in improving the level of knowledge, so the establishment of this educational method by health policymakers is recommended as an effective educational method in the field of emerging diseases.

Evaluating the Effect of Telenursing and Multimedia Self-Care Educational Program on the Level of Existential Anxiety in Patients with COVID-19: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background &amp; Objective: For patients, COVID-19 disease is a reminder of non-existence and death. For this reason, these patients experience existential anxiety. One of the effective factors in the control and treatment of this disease is to educate patients on self-care to reduce the burden of these psychological problems on them. The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of self-care educational program using telemedicine and multimedia methods on the level of existential anxiety in COVID-19 patients.Materials &amp; Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research conducted on 88 COVID-19 patients referred to the comprehensive health service centers of Bandar Abbas, Iran from 2020 to 2021. Th0ey were selected using a convenience sampling method. The samples were randomly assigned to the multimedia (44 patients) and telenursing (44 patients) groups. Patients in both groups received education on self-care during COVID-19 disease for 21 days. The Existence Anxiety Scale was completed before and immediately after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 26. Descriptive statistics, normality test, independent t-test, homogeneity of variance and covariance, univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance were used.Results: The mean score of existential anxiety at the beginning of the study was 90.50± 12.57 and 85.25 ±16.12, respectively, in the telenursing and multimedia groups, and after the intervention, it was 46.88 ± 6.38 and 65.40 ± 9.59, respectively, in the telenursing and multimedia groups. After the intervention, the existential anxiety score was significantly reduced in the telenursing group compared to the multimedia group (p &lt;0.001).Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, self-care education programs and knowledge about necessary care during COVID-19 illness should be considered for patients in comprehensive health centers, and telenursing should be used for more effective self-care education.

The use of QR codes to fuel transmedia strategy in the ecosystem of audiovisual media groups

The QR code (from the English quick response code) is a type of two-dimensional bar code that, when scanned, directs you to an internet site. Audiovisual groups, as part of their hybrid strategies and digitization actions, incorporate it into their television programs to provide them with interactivity and improve participation and engagement with their viewers. In this article, a radiography of the audiovisual ecosystem in Spain is created to show the use of this technology in linear television broadcasts and its impact. The methodology used for this is mixed: semi-structured in-depth interviews (with heads of this strategies from the 3 audiovisual and multimedia groups in Spain) and an analysis of its use in 150 news programs to find out the functions and themes for which it is used, and the frequency of QR codes used in television broadcasts. The results of this work are illuminating since, despite detecting very different degrees of use in each channel, high interest and actions to implement them are detected by all of them, both in the news and in other programs. As the most relevant conclusion, we observe that audiovisual groups create a digital ecosystem to generate a transfer of viewers between television born before the Internet and its new digital media, generating a great impact of digitization in the transformation of the media.

The Effects of Group Discussion and Multimedia Package Education Interventions on Healthy Lifestyle of Pregnant Women: A Field Trial Study

Background: Healthy lifestyle affects the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy. This study aimed to compare the effects of group discussion and multimedia package education interventions on healthy lifestyles among pregnant women. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 151 pregnant women during their 16-28 weeks of pregnancy who were referred to comprehensive health centers in Bajestan City, Iran. They were randomly allocated to three groups: Group discussion (n=50), multimedia package education (n=52), and control group (n=49). The demographic questionnaire and Walker’s health-promoting lifestyle profile II were used for data collection before and one month after the intervention. The educational intervention in the group discussion was held in 4 sessions. The multimedia package group received software consisting of text, video, animation, and audio materials. Finally, the control group received routine educational support in health centers. The study data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The result showed no significant difference between the three groups before intervention (P=0.073) regarding their mean lifestyle scores. However, the mean lifestyle score was significantly lower in the control group compared to the other two groups one month after the intervention (P&lt;0.001). However, the mean lifestyle score was significantly higher in group discussion and multimedia groups (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: The findings showed that multimedia package and group discussion methods improved lifestyle in pregnant women. Therefore, we suggest that health providers use these methods for pregnant women regarding their rationales and facilitations.

Expansion of the core business of traditional media companies in Spain through SVOD services

The strategic importance of the internet for television became evident in the early 2000s, even destabilizing its very concept and finally resulting in convergence towards a profound transformation of the sector. The introduction of global over-the-top (OTT) media services into local markets has led to strategic changes in multimedia groups. This study considers the subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services of Atresmedia and Mediaset España, the two main traditional media organizations in Spain that form a duopoly in the country’s commercial television sector, with the aim of understanding and evaluating their positioning strategy in this market and the results obtained through the diversification of their core business. Based on an analysis of their content, price, and promotion policies and the results in terms of subscriptions and revenues, slight differences emerge regarding the strategy and scope of these two groups in their own environment in the sector. They compete for customers to achieve growth in the audiovisual market while seeking to retain a cross-media, multiplatform audience, as well as expand their core business of commercial linear television against a background of a reduction of advertising spend on television and the expected increase of hybrid financing models.

Effect of Face-to-Face and Multimedia Methods of Education on Children’s Constipation Severity

Background: Constipation is a common problem among children. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of face-to-face and multimedia education on the severity of functional constipation in children. Methods: It was a two-group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental study that was carried out at the Specialized Clinics of Pediatrics affiliated with the Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. The sample consisted of 96 eligible children in the age range of 6 to 12 years that were randomly assigned to face-to-face (n=48) and multimedia (n=48) groups. Functional constipation was detected by Rome ΙΙΙ criteria. Data were collected by a demographic characteristics form and the Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS) before intervention and one month later in both groups. In the face-to-face group, education was provided using two 15-min training sessions in the form of a lecture in the presence of the mother. The multimedia training group received a 15-min training video. Both groups were given a pamphlet. The data were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test using SPSS version 16. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups’ constipation severity before the intervention (P=0.12). There was a significant difference between the mean score of constipation severity between the face-to-face (P=0.01) and multimedia (P=0.001) groups before and after the intervention. However, the mean±SD score of constipation severity after the intervention was 7.05±1.79 in the face-to-face group and 5.91±1.69 in the multimedia group (p=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that both educational interventions reduced the severity of constipation in children. However, multimedia training was more effective than face-to-face education so that it reduced the severity of constipation to a greater extent.

Potential Benefits of Multimedia-Based Home Catheter Management Education in Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Systematic Review.

BackgroundIn recent years, there have been many suggestions to use multimedia as a strategy to fully meet the educational needs of patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. However, the potential benefits remain unreliable in the literature.ObjectiveIn this study, we identified the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters and discussed the clinical implications.MethodsWe performed systematic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Ovid, Medline, BioMed Central-cancer (BMC-cancer), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases without date constraints until November 30, 2019. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Narrative synthesis of the study findings was conducted.ResultsA total of 6 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 3 case-control studies/quasi-experimental studies. The studies included a total of 355 subjects, including a total of 175 in the multimedia groups and 180 in the control groups. We identified 4 potential benefits to patients: (1) improved knowledge, (2) increased satisfaction, (3) reduced incidence of catheter-related complications, and (4) reduced number of cases of delayed care after complications.ConclusionsThe current systematic review highlights the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education for patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.

The design and evaluation of an interactive multimedia program for promoting deaf learners' reading skills

Deaf children have difficulties to remember things through vision. The study aimed to design and evaluate learning through reading conceptual framework by multimedia stories. The subjects are 16 deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, aged 10 to14, from two elementary schools for the deaf in Thailand. The reading experienced with experimental multimedia and the control (teachers without multimedia) groups were designed and conducted over a 20-week period in each school. The evaluation was conducted including the observation, interviews with instructors, DHH and DHH' parents. There was a significant increase in vocabulary learning skills of the DHH children in the experimental group (Z = 2.53*, Z = 2.53*) and a non-significant effect in the control group (Z = 1.58*, Z = −2.38*). The result shows that DHH in the experimental perception with words and sentences, while in the class DHH ability for learning and concentrating on multimedia will be till the end.

Effects of the self-management education program using the multi-method approach and multimedia on the quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure: A non-randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: Self-management behaviors help patients deal issues related to the treatment process and lead to appropriate health outcomes. Objective: To compare the effects of the self-management education program using the multi-method approach and multimedia on the quality of life among patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: This non-randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 111 patients suffering from chronic heart failure. They were assigned into the multi-method approach (n = 36), multimedia (n = 37), and control (n = 38) groups. The Iranian heart failure quality of life questionnaire was used for data collection before and three months after the education program. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via the SPSS software. Results: Statistically significant differences were reported between the multi-method approach and multimedia groups in terms of the quality of life after the intervention compared with the control group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Also, statistically significant differences were found between the two intervention groups in terms of the dimension of self-efficacy and knowledge (p = 0.047). No statistically significant differences were seen between the intervention groups in other domains of the quality of life. Conclusion: The education program improved the quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure. However, the multi-method approach was more effective compared to other methods in patients with chronic heart failure. Healthcare providers especially nurses should consider different educational approaches for patient education. Also, they need to consider patient’s preferences during education to improve their quality of life.

Comparison of the Effects of Media-based and Face-to-face Cardiac Rehabilitation Training Programs on Self-efficacy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Background: Several complications may occur in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) leading to decreased self-efficacy. Rehabilitation training is the best method for reducing the complications and increasing self-efficacy. Various educational techniques lead to different rehabilitation results and levels of self-efficacy. Improving these measures requires the selection of the most appropriate educational technique. Aim: This study aimed to compare the effect of two media-based and face-to-face cardiac rehabilitation training methods on self-efficacy in patients undergoing CABG. Method: This clinical trial was conducted among 60 patients, who were randomly assigned into two groups, in Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, 2017. Cardiac rehabilitation training program was implemented face-to-face or using a researcher-made multimedia upon admission, discharge, at the start of cardiac rehabilitation, and at the end of the 10th session for half-hour. A researcher-constructed questionnaire on self-efficacy was completed by the participants in the mentioned stages. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software, version 16. Results: The mean ages of the participants in the face-to-face and multimedia groups were 56.0±8.1 and 57.5±7.3 years old, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the self-efficacy scores of the patients upon admission (P=0.36). However, there was a significant difference between the groups at the post-intervention stage (P<0.001). Implications for Practice: Despite the lack of presence of an active teacher, media-based cardiac rehabilitation training improved the self-efficacy of patients undergoing CABG more than face-to-face method.

Comparison of Multimedia and Short Message Services Education on the Physical Activity of Diabetic Patients: An Application of Health Promotion Model

Background: Physical activity is a vital element in diabetic patients and training of this behavior is important. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the effect of multimedia and short message service (SMS) based on the health promotion model on the physical activity of patients with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 37 subjects in the SMS group and 40 subjects in the multimedia group were studied. Subjects in the SMS group received training messages based on the health promotion model for 2 weeks, and the subjects of multimedia group received a teaching CD based on the health promotion model. Both groups completed the questionnaires at the beginning of the study, 2 weeks after training and 3 months after the 2nd stage. Results: The participants in the 2 groups were similar in terms of demographic variables. The comparison of the 2 groups showed that there was a significant difference between 2 groups in terms of the perceived self - efficacy (p = 0.032), benefits (p < 0.001), family (p = 0.024), and friend support (p = 0.002), however, the perceived health status (p = 0.271) and barriers (p = 0.085) had no statistically significant difference between 2 groups during the study. Additionally, 3 months after the education, the mean metabolic equivalent of task (MET) increased to 2634.71 ± 502.01 and 2614.03 ± 592.45 in SMS and multimedia groups respectively; there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.662). Conclusions: The results of this study showed more usefulness of multimedia rather than SMS education in changing the belief of diabetic patients about the physical activity and also the effectiveness of both educational methods for promoting physical activity of diabetic patients.

Effect of SPIKES-based Education by Role Playing and Multimedia Approaches on Breaking Bad News Skills in Midwifery Students (a Comparison)

Summary Due to the diversity of midwives’ responsibilities, the skill to deliver bad news is a vital need, and therefore the teaching approach in this matter is of utmost importance. Thus, this study has been conducted with the purpose of comparing the effect of SPIKES-based education of skills needed for delivering bad news, using two different approaches of role playing and multimedia in midwifery students. This double-blind clinical trial was done on 90 midwifery students who were randomly assigned to three separate groups. Students’ skill in delivering bad news was recorded through a specific checklist before and after the educational intervention. The reliability and validity of this skill evaluation checklist was assessed and confirmed. The final data were analyzed using SPSS software. After educational intervention, role playing and multimedia groups have gained more skills compared to their previous conditions as well as the control group. The skill of delivering bad news did not show a significant difference in role playing and multimedia groups after intervention. The results showed that teaching the skills of delivering bad news using multimedia approach which was held as distance learning course would rival active educational methods such as role playing. Thus, it could be a suitable replacement for role playing methods in increasing the skill needed for delivering bad news.

Multimedia patient education to assist oral impression taking during dental treatment: A pilot study

IntroductionProper cooperation between patient and dentist is of great help to make a good oral impression. However, patients are frequently confused when information is given through traditional verbal description. The present study compared the effectiveness of the multimedia information delivery ways with the traditional verbal manner on patients’ understanding level in oral impression taking. MethodsThe recruited 191 participating patients were randomly assigned to the control group (the verbal group) and two intervention groups (the video group and the picture group) according to the information delivery manner. After intervention, the patients’ understanding degree was measured by questionnaire and performance evaluation of behavior feedback on the provided information quantitatively. Also, patients’ self-assessment of satisfaction was interviewed by telephone. All data was analyzed by SPSS 14.0 software, and p≤0.05 was set as significant difference in advance. ResultsOne-Way ANOVA and Chi-square showed there were no statistically significant differences in the mean age, gender composition, and educational level among the three groups (P>0.05). In both questionnaire assessment and performance evaluation, One-Way ANOVA followed by LSD indicate that the video group gained a higher score than the verbal group or the picture group (P<0.05). The questionnaire score in the picture group is significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was shown between these two groups in patients’ performance evaluation (P>0.05). Higher percentage of satisfaction was reported by patients in the two multimedia groups than that in the control group. DiscussionOral impression taking is a consecutive process that requires action cooperation between dentists and patients simultaneously. This particularity makes it more suitable for multimedia delivery. The delivery of tailored information using multimedia in this study was favored by most patients and could improve the degree of patient understanding of the oral impression taking procedures.

Perceptions and influence of newspaper-led convergence with broadcast stations

This study aimed to determine the characteristics of ‘newspaper-led convergence’ with broadcast stations by examining how convergence affects the production and distribution of news content. Newspaper-led convergence with broadcast stations occurs in converged newsrooms, where newspapers have superior overall abilities to broadcast stations; thus, one-sided help from newspaper to broadcast stations is more typical than vice versa. This study incorporated both surveys and in-depth interviews with journalists from three South Korean multimedia groups that have maintained newspaper-led convergence since late 2011. It has been approximately 3 years since these convergences; thus, this study outlined characteristics of the initial stage of convergence. The results indicated several asymmetries in terms of workload perceptions, multiple skills, cultural clash, and content quality among different media reporters. Unlike previous studies, psychological and cultural issues were not found to be obstacles to newspaper-led convergence. Based on these findings, this study concluded with suggestions for media firms that aim to converge newsrooms.

The Impact of Instructional Design on College Students’ Cognitive Load and Learning Outcomes in a Large Food Science and Human Nutrition Course

AbstractThe effective design of course materials is critical for student learning, especially for large lecture introductory courses. This quantitative study was designed to explore the effect multimedia and content difficulty has on students’ cognitive load and learning outcomes. College students (n = 268) were randomized into 1 of 3 multimedia groups: text + graphics (Group 1–TG); audio + text + graphics (Group 2–ATG); or video + audio + text + graphics (Group 3–VATG). Participants answered a demographic survey and pretests before viewing 2 food science supplemental lecture materials (i.e., water mobility and amino acid structures) and completing the cognitive load instrument and post‐tests within a noncontrolled setting. Cognitive load scores were tabulated and compared using a 3 × 3 ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis across multimedia groups and food science supplemental lecture materials. Based on the post hoc, students in Group 1–TG had higher intrinsic cognitive load scores than Group 2–ATG (ANOVA, P &lt; 0.05). Cognitive load and post‐test scores were tabulated and compared using a spearman correlation across groups. In Group 1–TG, students that reported less intrinsic cognitive load had higher post‐test scores. Also, students that reported more germane cognitive load had higher post‐test scores. In Groups 2–ATG and 3–VATG, students that reported less extraneous cognitive load had higher post‐test scores (ANOVA, P &lt; 0.05).

Análise da produção científica nacional sobre a utilização de tecnologias digitais na formação de enfermeiros

The objective of this study was to seek evidence available in the national scientific literature regarding the utilization of digital teaching technologies in nurses’ education. The adopted research method was integrative literature review. The articles were selected on PubMed, LILACS, Medline, IBECS, and SciELO databases guided by the following question: what digital teaching technologies are used in nursing courses in Brazil? Eleven articles were selected. Results showed that the following were utilized: virtual learning environments, education software, interactive multimedia (CD-ROM), virtual simulations, hypertexts, digital games, websites, and virtual discussion groups (e-group/listservers). The evidence, in this study, shows that digital technologies are materials capable of optimizing knowledge acquisition complementary to traditional education, encouraging students to learning to learn. Descriptors: Education, Nursing; Teaching; Educational Technology; Nursing.

Levels of Professional Polyvalence in Spanish Multimedia Groups

Levels of Professional Polyvalence in Spanish Multimedia Groups

La Identidad Corporativa de los grupos multimedia privados españoles a través de sus webs: entre el Marketing 2.0 y 3.0

The objective of this research is to analyse the application of marketing 2.0 and 3.0 in the identity of the private Spanish multimedia groups through their corporate webs. To this end, the websites of PRISA, Antena 3, Mediaset, Mediapro, Vocento, Promecal and Intereconomía have been studied. In this way, a qualitative research study has been carried out where transversal description, correlation and explanation have been used. Thus, firstly, through parameters such as the mission, vision and values- corporate profile, brand strategies and communication typessymbolic and behavioural, the positioning and structure of the corporate webs have represented the identity of each communication group at a given moment. Later, the data obtained has been compared. Finally, the paper has explained how the said results have influenced the application of marketing 2.0 and 3.0. The conclusions reached are the following: The combination of marketing 2.0 and 3.0 is a constant in the corporate identity of private Spanish multimedia groups, from the point of view of both their profile and their business communication. The application of marketing 3.0 in the internal functioning of the commercial Spanish multimedia groups is in an emergent state. Private Spanish multimedia groups are based in marketing 3.0 to position themselves. Private Spanish multimedia groups as corporate bodies do not normally use social networks to interact with their public, rather they generally use e-mail or the telephone. Nevertheless, they do use them in other business units.

Los principales grupos mundiales de medios de comunicación siguen siendo negocios de familia

Publishing companies with two centuries of history extending over six or seven generations, together with companies and organisations with barely two decades behind them, make up the framework of the global media groups in which family ownership continues to be the dominant or majority characteristic. In 2005, some fifty multimedia groups under the ownership control of one or several families accounted for a turnover of 275,000 million dollars and about 1,250,000 jobs. The principal family media groups make up about 25% of the world mass media market. The history, influence, organisation and economic impact of the family business in general has been widely studied by different schools and currents. However, this has not been the case with the organisation, meaning, evolution and transcendence of the ensemble of the family communication business.