Multimedia Entertainment Research Articles

Efficient Secure Mechanisms for In-Vehicle Ethernet in Autonomous Vehicles

The integration of external devices and network connectivity into autonomous vehicles has raised significant concerns about in-vehicle security vulnerabilities. Existing security mechanisms for in-vehicle bus systems, which mainly rely on appending authentication codes and data encryption, have been extensively studied in the context of CAN and CAN-FD buses. However, these approaches are not directly applicable to Ethernet buses due to the much higher data transmission rates of Ethernet buses compared to other buses. The real-time encryption and decryption required by Ethernet buses cannot be achieved with conventional methods, necessitating an acceleration in the speed of cryptographic operations to match the demands of Ethernet communication. In response to these challenges, our paper introduces a range of cryptographic solutions specifically designed for in-vehicle Ethernet networks. We employ an AES-ECC hybrid algorithm for critical vehicle control signals, combining the efficiency of AES with the security of ECC. For multimedia signals, we propose an improved AES-128 (IAES-128) and an improved MD5 (IMD), which improve encryption time by 15.77%. Our proposed security mechanisms have been rigorously tested through attack simulations on the CANoe (version 10) platform. These tests cover both in-vehicle control signals, such as braking and throttle control, and non-critical systems like multimedia entertainment. The experimental results convincingly demonstrate that our optimized algorithms and security mechanisms ensure the secure and reliable operation of real-time communication in autonomous vehicles.

Impulsive Buying Behavior in E-Commerce Live Streaming Based on the Stimulus Organism Response (SOR) Framework in Women's Clothing Products (Study on Live Streaming Shopee)

The development of the digital era has had a big impact on the way of shopping, especially shopping online. Indonesia is a potential market for the development of e-commerce, especially online shopping. Currently, many consumers are taking advantage of the live streaming feature on e-commerce platforms to shop online. It is effective and easy to use, many people use live streaming for entertainment, communication or even promoting products and services. Currently, many marketers use live streaming on various media platforms to sell and promote their products. Supported by advances in information technology, it allows online sellers to showcase their products via live streaming. Live streaming is a form of online interactive multimedia entertainment that is rapidly gaining popularity throughout. It is effective and easy to use, many people use live streaming for entertainment, communication or even promoting products and services. This research adopts the concept of "Social Presence of Broadcaster" to identify its influence on the experience of arousal and pleasure in viewers. In addition, the concept of "Social Presence of Live Streaming" is used to evaluate its impact on the experience of arousal and pleasure in the context of live streaming. Furthermore, researchers consider that the experience of arousal (passion) and pleasure generated through these concepts can influence the urge to buy impulsively. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between these variables and eventual impulse buying behavior. The sample in this study used 230 respondents from consumer users who had impulsively purchased women's clothing products via Shopee live streaming. The research method will be carried out by testing the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the help of the LISREL application. The results of this research are that the social presence of broadcasters, the social presence of viewers, and the social presence of live streaming have an influence on arousal and enjoyment. Also, Passion and Fun are the factors that most influence impulse purchases on Shopee live streaming.

DashReStreamer: Framework for Creation of Impaired Video Clips under Realistic Network Conditions

The continuous rise of multimedia entertainment has led to an increased demand for delivering outstanding user experience of multimedia content. However, modelling user-perceived Quality of Experience (QoE) is a challenging task, resulting in efforts for better understanding and measurement of user-perceived QoE. To evaluate user QoE, subjective quality assessment, where people watch and grade videos, and objective quality assessment in which videos are graded using one or many objective metrics are conducted. While there is a plethora of video databases available for subjective and objective video quality assessment, these videos are artificially infused with various temporal and spatial impairments. Videos being assessed are artificially distorted with startup delay, bitrate changes, and stalls due to rebuffering events. To conduct a more credible quality assessment, a reproduction of original user experiences while watching different types of streams on different types and quality of networks is needed. To aid current efforts in bridging the gap between the mapping of objective video QoE metrics to user experience, we developed DashReStreamer, an open-source framework for re-creating adaptively streamed video in real networks. The framework takes inputs in the form of video logs captured by the client in a non-regulated setting, along with an.mpd file or a YouTube URL. The ultimate result is a video sequence that encompasses all the data extracted from the video log. DashReStreamer also calculates popular video quality metrics like PSNR, SSIM, MS-SSIM and VMAF. Finally, DashReStreamer allows creating impaired video sequences from the popular streaming platform, YouTube. As a demonstration of framework usage we created a database of 332 realistic video clips, based on video logs collected from real mobile and wireless networks. Every video clip is supplemented with bandwidth trace and video logs used in its creation and also with objective metrics calculation reports. In addition to dataset, we performed subjective evaluation of video content, assessing its effect on overall user QoE. We believe that this dataset and framework will allow the research community to better understand the impacts of video QoE dynamics.

Common lossless compression algorithms and their error resiliency performance

With the development of communication technology and computer technology, many related industries, such as multimedia entertainment, put forward higher requirements for storing and transmitting information data. The research of data compression technology has attracted more and more attention. Therefore, the error resiliency ability of data compression algorithm is particularly important. How to enhance the error resiliency of data compression communication systems has been a hot topic for researchers. This paper mainly introduces the lossless data compression technology and its basic principle and performance index. Two typical lossless compression codes, Huffman and Arithmetic coding are deeply studied, including the principle of coding and the problem of error resiliency. Huffman coding and Arithmetic coding are two very important lossless compression codes widely used. The ability to resist channel error is an important index for data compression in communication. It is of great significance to further improve the channel adaptability of data compression to study the above two kinds of codes and their ability to resist channel error.

Sybil Attack Detection in VANET Using Machine Learning Approach

VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a subclass of MANET in which many cars can connect with one another via node to node or equipment erected on the side of the road. However, due to the adaptability of centres and the unexpected trade in geography, there may be opportunities for attacks in VANET. One of the ostensible assaults is the Sybil attack, in which the attacker fabricates unequivocally unique equal personalities to undermine the value of VANET. Sybil creates fictitious identities inside the community as well in order to sabotage attempts to mediate conversations between community nodes. Sybil assaults have an impact on carrier transportation in relation to things like traffic congestion, road safety, and multimedia entertainment. VANETs therefore announce a security mechanism to protect you from Sybil attacks. In this regard, this work puts forth the SDTC method, which completely relies on machine learning techniques to prevent Sybil assaults in VANETs. In order to reduce identification time, increase detection accuracy, and enhance scalability, the SDTC (Sybil node detecting the use of Classification) mechanism uses a few vehicle-specific Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) features. The results suggest that SDTC is a suitable strategy to reduce Sybil assaults and sustain provider service in VANETs.

Designing an Android-Based Borneo Orangutan Adventure Game Using Scirra Construct 2

Currently the game is very popular with many people. Because the game is a game that uses a smartphone that is easy to carry everywhere, the game is also a form of multimedia entertainment that is made as attractive as possible. Even game makers make it as interesting and fun as possible so that the general public can use it. In this study, the Borneo orangutan adventure game aims to introduce orangutans in Central Kalimantan and the life of orangutans. The benefits of this research are for entertainment media and the introduction of Bornean orangutans. This game is designed with multimedia software method. From the results of the black box test the application is in accordance with the purpose of making the game while the results of the questionnaire respondents with a Likert scale show that 91.2% are on a very good scale or satisfied in terms of the appearance of the game and the way the game operates.

Globalised and culturally homogenised? How Generation Z in Poland spends their free time

ABSTRACT Globalisation and cultural homogenisation are still vital processes that drive the unification of leisure behaviour around the world, especially among the youngest generation. This is particularly important for post-socialist countries because until 1989, there was no access to Western ways of spending free time. Polish Generation Z is the first generation born and raised entirely in a free country. Therefore, the question arises whether the 30 years that have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall have been sufficient to unify Generation Z’s leisure time behaviour under globalisation’s influence. The study aimed to determine the leisure behaviour of Generation Z in Poland in the context of cultural homogenisation. The analysis includes 1153 surveys with representatives of Generation Z from Polish cities. The study showed that the structure of Polish Generation Z’s leisure activities is dominated by multimedia entertainment: using the Internet, listening to music, watching YouTube or VOD (Video On Demand) platforms. Globalisation processes leading to progressive cultural homogenisation contribute to the spread of similar forms of spending free time originating in the so-called Western culture, which is also visible in Poland. Practical implications are presented for policymakers responsible for creating directions for youth leisure activities in cities.

A Multicast Routing Scheme for the Internet: Simulation and Experimentation in Large-Scale Networks

With the globalisation of the multimedia entertainment industry and the popularity of streaming and content services, multicast routing is (re-)gaining interest as a bandwidth saving technique. In the 1990’s, multicast routing received a great deal of attention from the research community; nevertheless, its main problems still remain mostly unaddressed and do not reach the acceptance level required for its wide deployment. Among other reasons, the scaling limitation and the relative complexity of the standard multicast protocol architecture can be attributed to the conventional approach of overlaying the multicast routing on top of the unicast routing topology. In this paper, we present the Greedy Compact Multicast Routing (GCMR) scheme. GMCR is characterised by its scalable architecture and independence from any addressing and unicast routing schemes; more specifically, the local knowledge of the cost to direct neighbour nodes is enough for the GCMR scheme to properly operate. The branches of the multicast tree are constructed directly by the joining destination nodes which acquire the routing information needed to reach the multicast source by means of an incremental two-stage search process. In this paper we present the details of GCMR and evaluate its performance in terms of multicast tree size (i.e., the stretch), the memory space consumption, the communication cost, and the transmission cost. The comparative performance analysis is performed against one reference algorithm and two well-known protocol standards. Both simulation and emulation results show that GCMR achieves the expected performance objectives and provide the guidelines for further improvements.

Implementation Dijkstra’s Algorithm for Non-Players Characters in the Game Dark Lumber

Forest is a unitary ecosystem in the form of a stretch of land containing biological natural resources dominated by trees in their natural environment, which cannot be separated from one another. The importance of forest preservation is based on law, namely ensuring the existence of forests in a sustainable manner while maintaining sustainability and not destroying the environment and the surrounding ecosystem. However, public awareness in preserving the forest is still lacking. Therefore, technology is needed that can provide information about forests and the impact of illegal logging in an attractive manner. Games are multimedia entertainment that is made as attractive as possible. Action games require players to concentrate and think quickly in order to avoid obstacles. Dijkstra’s algorithm looks for the shortest path in a number of steps from which each step selects the minimum weighted value and enters it into the set of solutions. Dijkstra’s algorithm implemented on non-player characters in a game to determine the shortest path to the target player. Games built using unity and developed using the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) method. GDLC is a game development process that applies an iterative approach consisting of 6 development phases, starting from the initialization or concept creation, preproduction, production, testing, beta and release phases.

Rewriting activism: the NFL takes a knee

ABSTRACT On September 22nd, 2017, President Trump described any National Football League (NFL) player who protested during the national anthem as a “son of a bitch” deserving to be fired. In response, during the broadcasts of the following games’ anthems, entire teams linked arms, knelt, or stayed in the locker room. This was a problem for the NFL’s multi-media entertainment brand. Normally a broadcast of a spectacle that associates the NFL with the U.S. military and that attaches a sense of patriotism to the association, this weekend’s performances of the national anthem instead became intertwined with player activist expression. This paper will explore how the NFL protected the portrayal of its media brand. Without its ability to shape how athletes represent the league through labor policy, the NFL had to recast the athletes’ activism into messages consistent with its brand in a post-hoc fashion. Through a close reading of the televised broadcasts of the various pregame actions that followed Trump’s comments, as well as accompanying online statements from NFL management on social media, this case reveals alternative methods deployed by the NFL brand to obscure and rewrite the intentions and impacts of athlete activist expression about racism and social justice.

An urban expressway forwarding scheme for cognitive Internet of vehicles

The Internet of vehicles is an essential component for building smart cities that can improve traffic safety and provide multimedia entertainment services. The cognitive radio–enabled Internet of vehicles was proposed to resolve the conflict between the increasing demand of Internet of vehicles applications and the limited spectrum resources. The multi-hop transmission is one of the most important issues in cognitive radio–enabled Internet of vehicles networks. Nevertheless, most existing forwarding solutions designed for the cognitive radio–enabled Internet of vehicles did not consider the urban expressway scenario, where primary base stations are densely installed with small coverage areas. In this case, it is difficult to ensure that the sender and the receiver of the same cognitive radio link have similar channel availability statistics, which makes cognitive radio links more likely to be interrupted. To address this challenge, we develop a multi-hop forwarding scheme to minimize the end-to-end delay for such networks. We first formulate the delay minimization problem as a non-linear integer optimization problem. Then, we propose an approach to select the relay candidates by jointly considering the high mobility of vehicles and the unique cognitive radio spectrum usage distributions in urban expressway scenarios. Finally, we propose the low-latency forwarding strategies by considering the channel availability and the delay cost of different situations of relay candidates. Simulations show the advantages of our proposed scheme, compared with state-of-art methods.

Cyber Threats and Security for Wireless Devices

In today's increasingly interconnected and social w orld, mobile devices are an integral part of people's lives. From smart phones to tablets to feature phones, mobile usage is growing steadily, fuelled by the po pularity of social networking, mobile and Internet apps, multi-media entertainment , online banking and e- commerce. As the growth in mobile devices creates new opportunities for consumers and businesses alike, there are also new threats em erging. The growing popularity and convenience of digital networks, however, come at a cost. As businesses and societies in general increasingly rely on computers and internet-based networking, cyber crime and digital attack incidents have incre ased around the world. The first major instance of cyber crime reported in 2000, whe n a mass-mailed computer virus affected nearly 45 million computer users worldwide . This paper examines the quickly evolving mobile landscape, Cyber Crimes, Business and Technical Decisions and Tradeoffs Companies, which will have to make to address the risk of fraud in the mobile channels.

Using Kano model to differentiate between future vehicle-driving services

Services are constantly changing with the introduction of new technologies, which affect the service systems of both conventional and autonomous driving. New theories and technologies are also key factors affecting the design and development trends of service models and solutions. Major automobile manufacturers aspire to provide customers with unique services and experiences, resulting in a growing demand for systematic approaches to characterize customer behaviors and scientific methods to accurately interpret data stored in databases. This study proposes a scientific engineering and operation framework for driving services that enables conventional automobile manufacturers to re-evaluate their service models and solutions as they expand into the domain of autonomous driving, integrating customized consumer interactions and mass production efficiency to develop new technologies, and subsequently applying these technologies to innovate their driving services, form service innovation guidelines, and accelerate the development of smart applications for the automobile industry. A Kano two-dimensional model of quality was employed. A Kano questionnaire was administered to analyze consumers' perceived satisfaction concerning different service quality elements; the elements were then ranked in the order of requiring improvement to determine the elements that are essential in conventional vehicles. Finally, suggestions were proposed for improving the service quality of driving products and evaluating driver satisfaction. A total of 56 valid questionnaires were collected from potential buyers of four-door sedans. The questionnaire evaluated respondents’ perceived value and satisfaction of 30 product elements categorized into two groups (specific functions and intangible value-added services) across eight major quality dimensions (basic safety functions, multimedia entertainment systems, information and communication systems, value-added systems, active matching, automatic service systems, hardware–software integration, and customer service and support). In addition, Kano quality categories were statistically analyzed to elucidate whether significant differences existed between groups. Using the Kano quality categories, 30 design elements were classified: 10 as “attractive,” 7 as “one-dimensional,” 3 as “must-be,” 4 as “indifferent,” and 6 as “reverse.” Enterprises can effectively reduce customer dissatisfaction and enhance customer satisfaction based on the quality category of the product and the product improvement order proposed in this study. Relevance to industryThis study determined that using the Kano quality categories, enterprises can effectively reduce customer dissatisfaction and enhance customer satisfaction based on the quality category of the product and the product improvement order proposed in this study.

Clustering of Musical Pieces Through Complex Networks: An Assessment Over Guitar Solos

Musical pieces can be modeled as complex networks. This fosters innovative ways to categorize music, paving the way toward novel applications in multimedia domains, such as music didactics, multimedia entertainment, and digital music generation. Clustering these networks through their main metrics allows grouping similar musical tracks. To show the viability of the approach, we provide results on a dataset of guitar solos.

Elastic Vehicular Resource Providing Based on Service Function-Group Resource Mapping of Smart Identify Network

In the era of smart cities, all vehicle systems will be connected to enhance the comfort of driving, relieve traffic congestion, and enjoy in-vehicle multimedia entertainment. The vision of all vehicles connected poses a crucial challenge for an individual vehicle system to efficiently support these applications. Network virtualization is a very promising enabling solution, by allowing multiple isolated and heterogeneous virtual networks (VNs), to satisfy the different quality of service (QoS) requirements. Smart identifier network (SINET) may provide VNs through effective resources allocation and control based on its model of three layers and two domains. In this paper, we provide resource allocation and mapping of the vehicular networks through elastic network virtualization based on SINET. The appropriate vehicles are selected and generated as a function group for special service, by which the difference of heterogeneous vehicular resources is hided. Vehicular nodes are autonomously organized that each of them can evaluate others’ resource availability in a topology-aware way with information by leveraging the learning technology and make its own decision to realize the whole mapping process through a phasing virtual network embedding (PVNE) algorithm. The results demonstrate that our proposed mechanism has better performance in long-term acceptance ratio and average revenue than existing state-of-the-art solutions.

On the complex network structure of musical pieces: analysis of some use cases from different music genres

This paper focuses on the modeling of musical melodies as networks. Notes of a melody can be treated as nodes of a network. Connections are created whenever notes are played in sequence. We analyze some main tracks coming from different music genres, with melodies played using different musical instruments. We find out that the considered networks are, in general, scale free networks and exhibit the small world property. We measure the main metrics and assess whether these networks can be considered as formed by sub-communities. Outcomes confirm that peculiar features of the tracks can be extracted from this analysis methodology. This approach can have an impact in several multimedia applications such as music didactics, multimedia entertainment, and digital music generation.

Socially-Aware Multimedia Dissemination in Personal Mobile Networks

Mobile multimedia entertainment is pervasive on mobile devices, leading people to access, store and disseminate a diversity of multimedia contents anytime and anywhere. The main challenge comes from achieving high successful delivery rates with low end-to-end delays for dissemination of multimedia content at last-hop devices. This article presents a novel approach to disseminate multimedia content merging technical with social behaviors and preferences to better perform device associations. Those technical and social preferences allow to understand and infer a full social-aware behavior, aiming to create the possibility to maintain the best associations between devices through their activities and interactions in the network. The potential to consider a real social-aware behavior is presented as a solution to enhance the dissemination of multimedia content process over mobile infrastructureless networks. Through two proposed case studies: (1) Mobile Tour Guide and (2) Soccer Stadium with its own peculiarities and characteristics, we show how our proposed solution enhances the dissemination and reception of multimedia content beyond the baselines analyzed.

Insect Festivals in North America: Patterns and Purposes

Human desire to interact with and learn about wildlife extends beyond charismatic megafauna. In the past two decades, insects have carved out a niche in the ecotourism sector. Entomotourism has emerged as a growing mainstream attraction for many tourists and insect enthusiasts alike (Lemelin 2015). This subsector of ecotourism encompasses a wide range of insect-related recreational activities, such as collection, educational or multimedia entertainment, and insect encounters in controlled environments, such as butterfly pavilions or insectariums (Lemelin 2013). Tourists all over the world may engage in activities such as photography, observation, entomophagy, and other forms of direct interaction with various types of insects. There are many explanations for this attention, including new technology (e.g., on-line chat groups and identification), the availability of digital images, and accessibility of new resources (e.g., field guides and insect organizations). Tourists are interested in insects for many reasons (Lemelin 2009). Some people love to see insects’ amazing color, behaviors, and unique features. Others like to see and photograph the spectacles of large congregations of insects. Some want to see rare species or to learn new things about insects. Still others want to learn about how insects can improve or maintain human well-being through pollination, food, and cultural heritage (Guiney and Oberhauser 2008, Durst et al. 2010, Yi et al. 2010). Many people like to learn about how indigenous peoples gained knowledge about or used insects (Hogue 1987, Huntly et al. 2005). Some people are even intrigued by the undesirable aspects of insects, such as crop consumption and biting humans (Kellert …

On the modeling of musical solos as complex networks

Notes in a musical piece are building blocks employed in non-random ways to create melodies. It is the “interaction” among a limited amount of notes that allows constructing the variety of musical compositions that have been written in centuries and within different cultures. Networks are a modeling tool that is commonly employed to represent a set of entities interacting in some way. Thus, notes composing a melody can be seen as nodes of a network that are connected whenever these are played in sequence. The outcome of such a process results in a directed graph. By using complex network theory, some main metrics of musical graphs can be measured, which characterize the related musical pieces. In this paper, we define a framework to represent melodies as networks. Then, we provide an analysis on a set of guitar solos performed by main musicians. Results of this study indicate that the presented model can have an impact on audio and multimedia applications such as music classification, identification, e-learning, automatic music generation, multimedia entertainment.

The Congress of Vienna: Power and Politics after Napoleon by Brian E. Vick

The Congress of Vienna: Power and Politics after Napoleon, by Brian E. Vick. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2014. 448 pp. $45.00 US (cloth). This engaging work provides an innovative approach to Congress of Vienna by placing its deliberations in a wider political, cultural, and social context. The author, Brian E. Vick, construes both diplomacy and Congress in broad terms that encompass festivals, publications, marketing, salons, and other influences on Congress' work. His emphasis on the embeddedness of diplomacy and its actors in wider and deeper and political culture (330) of time affords both a better understanding of Congress' and an opportunity to see a of issues that have previously evaded historian's gaze. The result is a fresh account that skillfully historicizes world of Congress while also identifying a significant role for diverse historical not least of all women. The book begins with a deft analysis of broader political field of Congress era before turning to a series of specific diplomatic battles that Vick presents in a new light. The first three chapters--on festivity and display, press and market for memorabilia and entertainment, and salon and elite networks--rest on proposition that neither diplomats nor diplomacy were set apart from broader society, culture, and ideas (1). Rather, Vick underscores utility of opening up analysis to the second rank of political actors, including not only diplomats and statesmen but also the wider society of politically engaged individuals with potential influence on political discourse or political decisions (7). Vick's exploration of festivals, merchandising, and salon cultures allows us to perceive how preoccupations of this larger society were crucial in shaping political settlement that emerged. Here we see a curious combination of military and religious, sublime and crassly commercial, courtly and popular, medieval and modern--all shaped by agency of women as well as men. The intents of those who organized festivities or published pamphlets were often subverted or otherwise altered as their consumers invested those products with their own interpretations. Patriotism and religiosity were not merely sentiments to be cultivated and expressed but also became cultural commodities and multimedia entertainment, with entrepreneurs stepping in to promote forms of politics that still repelled established regimes. Salons brought statesmen and rulers into direct contact with broader publics whose influence on politics proved significant. Turning to specific diplomatic issues, Vick departs from general histories in important ways, though at points he seems more concerned with filling holes than with fundamentally reinterpreting Congress. He devotes an entire chapter to religious politics, focusing above all on Jewish question but also exploring reconstruction of Catholic Church and development of religious liberty. Vick detects in these discussions humanitarian arguments and a universalizing language of human rights more developed than one might expect. …