Multimedia Communication Networks Research Articles

The Budgeted Labeled Minimum Spanning Tree Problem

In order to reduce complexity when designing multi-media communication networks, researchers often consider spanning tree problems defined on edge-labeled graphs. The earliest setting addressed in the literature aims to minimize the number of different media types, i.e., distinct labels, used in the network. Despite being extensively addressed, such a setting completely ignores edge costs. This led to the definition of more realistic versions, where budgets for the total cost, or the number of distinct labels allowed, were introduced. In this paper, we introduce and prove the NP-hardness of the Budgeted Labeled Minimum Spanning Tree problem, consisting in minimizing the cost of a spanning tree while satisfying specified budget constraints for each label type. This problem combines the challenges of cost efficiency and label diversity within a fixed budgetary framework, providing a more realistic and practical approach to network design. We provide three distinct mathematical programming formulations of the problem and design a Lagrangian approach to derive tighter lower bounds for the optimal solution of the problem. The performances of the proposed methods are assessed by conducting a series of computational experiments on a variety of randomly generated instances, which showed how the complexity of the problem increases as the size of the network, as well as the number of labels, increase and the budget restrictions are tightened.

A Novel Approach on Efficient Data Transfer in Multimedia Communication Network

In the Wireless sensor networks, the main crucial part as we observe based on literature analysis managing Real-time data, load balancing, security of data, managing data, and also transmitting large (multimedia data) from source to destination using WMSN. Using the proposed system work on energy efficiency and robustness of the system and based on result analysis achieve the better result as compared to the existing system.
 Introduction: The growth of wireless sensor networks during the past ten years has altered how data is gathered and retrieved from different areas. With the expansion of communication infrastructure, the requirement and use of Multimedia Wireless Sensor Networks is becoming more widespread on these days. These networks confront a number of difficulties in ensuring user data is secure, trustworthy, and private, just like any other WMSNs.
 Objectives: This paper works on multimedia data transmission in WMSN and for that works on 3-bit LSB Embedding for transmitting large-size data with min energy consumption rate as compared to other methods like AES, ECC, etc.
 Methods: 3-bit LSB Embedding will be done which provides secrecy of the data and then we will implement the Energy Efficient routing to the embedded multimedia data for WMSN .
 Results: The shortest path optimization, using energy efficient routing protocol, by sensor nodes to transfer multimedia-data from source-node to destination-node achieved in WMSN. The average energy consumption and throughput of 400 multimedia sensor nodes transferring large amount multimedia-data transfer from source-to-destination WMSN. Existing work shows that it has high energy consumption and low throughput as compare to the proposed work.
 Conclusions: In this paper, work on energy-efficient real time multimedia data trans receive using Wireless sensor network use 3-bit LSB data embedding in multimedia data transmission in a wireless sensor network for compress data. Based 3-bit LSB data embedding for digital audio, image, video, and 3D media. Given the tremendous developments in digital media communications ranging from conventional digital audio to immersive media, LSB data hiding plays an important role in providing high capacity and maintaining imperceptibility by considering mechanisms of the HAS and HVS. This paper uses a hybrid approach for secure data as well as compressing it using a 3-bit LSB embedding approach as well as for making energy optimization using a trust mechanism for set initial threshold values of parameters like min energy required, transmission power, location, transmission power, etc. in the transmission side source node and another surrounding node will be selected based on a parameter that we reserve than apply 3-bit LSB embedding on data and on the receiver and apply same de-embedding after selecting receiver node. And for establishing communication select the most appropriate and optimized path based on energy and location-based estimation. With the proposed structure we achieve significantly improve in results as achieve more throughput and less energy consumption as compared to the existing system.

Development and Simulation of a Fast Delay Cancellation Algorithm for Digital Multimedia Network Communication

The digital multimedia network data traffic is huge, and many end devices are applied to the digital multimedia network; therefore, the digital media network communication delay transmission must be analysed in order to improve the performance of the digital multimedia network communication transmission. Due to the presence of a large number of data packets in the communication network used, some random delays in data can occur during use. Conventional data transmission methods rely solely on extended data storage capacity to achieve this, making it difficult to achieve intelligent scheduling, resulting in delays and optimized performance degradation during communication data transmission. The aim of this paper is to enhance the communication quality of digital multimedia networks by developing an algorithmic model that rapidly mitigates communication delays. The proposed approach employs a delay cancellation algorithm in a network predictive control system. Simulation techniques are utilized to simulate and compensate for delays in multimedia communication networks. The efficacy of the network control strategy is demonstrated through simulation tests on a large-scale multimedia network communication system. The research findings indicate that the network control prediction model and elimination algorithm can substantially reduce the packet loss rate and quickly eliminate communication delays in digital multimedia networks.

Wireless Network Multimedia Communication and Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm and Its Female Athlete's Nutritional Diet Model

Wireless Network Multimedia Communication and Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm and Its Female Athlete's Nutritional Diet Model

Application of Low Bit Rate Coding Based on Nonlinear Data Prediction in Wireless Network Multimedia Communication

In order to realize the application of low bit rate video coding in wireless multimedia communication, this paper analyzes the principle of video coding and highlights the importance of low bit rate in wireless multimedia communication. For this, the iterative optimization method of contour height map contour, B-spline curve approximate contour, and control points is carried out to ensure that hearing and vision can achieve the clarity of video under appropriate conditions. The results show that compressing the original video to a suitable size for decoding and completing the output in a compatible format can realize the operation efficiency of the encoder and improve the coding speed.

Research on Computer-Aided English Language Evaluation System

With the rapid development of science and technology, computer-aided language teaching and testing has become an inevitable trend in the development of English language teaching and research. With the continuous popularization of online courses, all kinds of examinations have adopted computer-aided examinations, and CET-4 has also begun to implement computer tests. Computer aided teaching refers to the use of computers as a tutor, presenting information, providing students with opportunities for practice, evaluating students’ grades and providing additional teaching. With the development of multimedia technology and communication network technology, all individualized teaching technologies with computer as the core are called the application of information technology in education. It is dedicated to the establishment of a three-dimensional foreign language learning environment supported by modern educational technology, and aims to improve the quality of foreign language teaching in a more scientific and effective way. According to statistics, there are still few computer-based college English language testing systems. The existing systems are mainly designed and developed around the CET-4 examination, and the functions are monotonous, only serving the examination. It can not help and promote students’ learning. Testing and evaluation is a unity with different functions in teaching. Only test without evaluation, examination can not play a positive role in teaching. The test only determines the learning level of language learners, and the test results themselves can not fully reflect the specific problems, because if there is no information to explain the results, the examination can not be given for analysis and feedback. It is difficult to guide teachers’ teaching and students’ learning. In view of the above disadvantages, this study intends to establish a computer-aided English language evaluation system from the perspective of the combination of language testing and evaluation. The system has many similarities with the existing CET-4 examination system, and has more complete functions, can meet the needs of the development trend of foreign language teaching, and has great attraction to students and teachers. It can not only provide students with simulated examinations, but also help students analyze test results and check problems. The computer-aided language assessment system is fast, efficient, timely and objective.

Efficient QoS Routing in Manet using Quantum

In mobile ad hoc networks, there is always a requirement of transferring real time multimedia information between a source-destination pair through a communication network. To support these communications and emergence of real-time applications, the basic requirement is to determine a feasible path which can join the source node and the destination node with a minimal cost .The paths are subjected to some constraints such as bandwidth, end-to-end delay, jitter and hop count. So, in order to assure an efficient performance, these QoS routing constraints must be properly handled. Therefore, complication of the problem is considered and accessible solution is provided using meta-heuristic algorithm rather than any other methods. To resolve the multi-constrained QoS routing problem in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), an intelligent algorithm has been proposed here to find the feasible path. This paper proposes a QPSO algorithm for solving multimedia routing which is capable of finding the low-cost route with bandwidth, delay and hop count as the constraints. In the proposed algorithm, the feasible path from the source node to the destination node is selected for communication which satisfies the minimum required bandwidth, less end-to-end delay and minimum hop count. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed QPSO algorithm with a novel node selection technique is able to find a better optimal path with multiple QoS constrains such as Bandwidth, hop count and network delay (end-to-end delay). It can meet the real-time requirements in multimedia communication networks.

Lower Bound on Bandwidth and Channel Assignment Algorithm for Multimedia Communication in Cellular Networks

Channel assignment problem in hexagonal cellular networks for multimedia services in a 2-band buffering environment is addressed here. We consider the simplest case of only two types of multimedia services, each having different bandwidths. We first derive lower bounds under different conditions on the minimum bandwidth requirement for assigning multimedia channels to a seven-node subgraph of the hexagonal cellular network by using a novel technique where assignment of different types of signals to support multimedia services are interleaved in the assignment process for the minimum bandwidth. We next propose a multimedia channel assignment algorithm to satisfy the non-homogeneous demands at each node of the network. To evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm, we present new benchmark instances for multimedia communication. Our proposed algorithm, when run on different benchmark instances, comes up with assignments which require a minimum of 7 percent and a maximum of 40 percent more bandwidth than their corresponding lower bounds. The execution time for all the modified Philadelphia benchmark instances defined on a 21-node network is always within 265 milliseconds on an HPxw8400 workstation, while that for the modified benchmark instances defined on a 55-node network is within 733 milliseconds.

B&W Call Admission Control for Multimedia Communication Networks

In the multimedia communication networks providing quality of service (QoS), an interface between the signal processing systems and the communication systems is the call admission control (CAC) mechanism. Owing to the heterogeneous traffic produced by diverse signal processing systems in a multimedia communication network, the traditional CAC mechanism that used only one CAC algorithm can no longer satisfy the aim of QoS CAC: Utilize the network resource to the most best and still satisfy the QoS requirements of all connections. For satisfying the aim of QoS CAC in the multimedia communication networks, this study proposed an innovative CAC mechanism called black and white CAC (B&W CAC), which uses two CAC algorithms. One of them is called black CAC controller and is used for the traffic with specifications more uncertain, which is called black traffic here. The other is call white CAC controller and is for the traffic with clearer specifications, which is call white traffic. Because white traffic is simple, an equivalent bandwidth CAC is taken as the white CAC. On the other hand, a neural network CAC (NNCAC) is employed to be the black CAC to overcome the uncertainty of black traffic. Furthermore, owing to more parameters needed in a QoS CAC mechanism, a hierarchical NNCAC is proposed instead of the common used NNCAC. Besides to accommodate more parameters, a hierarchical NNCAC can keep the complexity low. The simulation results show the B&W CAC can obtain higher utilization and still meet the QoS requirements of traffic sources.

A biometric-based authenticated key agreement scheme for session initiation protocol in ip-based multimedia networks

Session Initial Protocol (SIP) has been widely adopted for signaling and controlling interactive sessions in multimedia communication networks. Despite its various advantages compared to predecessor protocols, the security and privacy of the SIP remain challenges due to the risk of real-world public networks. While most SIP applications utilize end-to-end communications, existing studies mainly focus on client-server protocols. In this study, we propose a novel SIP authenticated key agreement protocol for all user-server, user-user, and group communications. An end user employs a short-term token to communicate with either end-users or multimedia servers without connecting to a trusted server. Our security analyzes show that the scheme not only resists all known attacks, but provides the system with many desirable features, including direct end-to-end communications, preserving biometric template privacy, user access control, smart card revocation, and long-term secret updates. The latency of the authenticated key agreement phase is relatively small, and thus this signaling protocol is appropriate for a wide range of real-time applications.

Security risk situation quantification method based on threat prediction for multimedia communication network

Multimedia communication network has gained remarkable popularity by a wide spectrum of users nowadays. It is easier that the potential threats conceal within the large-scale net flow of multimedia communication traffic. Once vulnerability exploitation occurs, the latent risk will be brought to the surface, causing a series of safety problems. Thus, the vulnerability analysis and threat prediction are becoming critical issues. Recently years, many investigations have been made. However, they are not sufficient. To provide a comprehensive view of the threat scenario and present a quantitative risk-aware approach, we propose a novel method for threat identification, and further we build a quantitative security risk model with it. Actually, two algorithms are proposed, namely dynamic Bayesian attack graph based threat prediction algorithm, and threat prediction based security risk quantification algorithm. The first algorithm aims to provide full prediction information with threat scenario. The second algorithm quantifies the threat in the first algorithm into the security risk from two levels: host and network. The examples indicate that our method is feasible and scalable, which enables a manager to quantify the risks of any identified threat or ongoing attack and to recognize the vulnerable multimedia devices to keep secure multimedia communication.

Configuring Linux System for Internet Protocol based Multimedia Communication Network

This research paper is trying to implement an idea through which we can configure a system have an effective multimedia communication network through a Linux based router with internet protocol. Which deals with the protocol used in the past IPv4 and presently used IPv6. It states about the use IPv4 in IPv6 Networks and different combinations of IP networks, the cost effective design is the use of IPv4 server and IPv6 client. The objective of this research extends to set up a network lab and Configuring Linux system as router, also to have a study of performance and to examine the analysis of multimedia communication in various topologies using internet protocol networks. There are 4 computers used to configure the network of multimedia communication host a and host b serves as the server and client and the other 2 computers are configured to act as routers, ie., router 1 & router 2. Method: Connections are done by using Ethernet and optical fiber cables, by creating a virtual server with connection oriented network of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), also measuring the performance of the internet protocol between the intermediate routers. The routers are configured as Dual Stack Protocol by the method of Tyga Tunneling process. Findings: Finally, this research eliminates the use of routers and switches in a computer network, Increase in Efficiency, Throughput & QOS of multimedia data transmission by using OFC also decrease in Delay & Data loss by replacing Ethernet by OFC.

Special Issue: Smart Satellite Systems

Special Issue: Smart Satellite Systems

Noncontiguous Channel Allocation for Multimedia Communication in Cognitive Radio Networks

In conventional wireless systems, unless a contiguous frequency band with width at least equal to the required bandwidth is obtained, multimedia communication cannot be effected with the desired quality of service. We propose here a novel channel allocation technique to overcome this limitation in a cognitive radio network, which is based on utilizing several noncontiguous channels, each of width smaller than the required bandwidth, but whose sum equals at least the required bandwidth. We present algorithms for channel sensing, channel reservation, and channel deallocation along with transmission and reception protocols with two different implementations based on FDM-FDMA and OFDM-FDMA techniques. Simulation results for both these implementations show that the proposed technique outperforms the existing first-fit and best-fit allocation techniques in terms of the average number of attempts needed for acquiring the necessary number of channels for all traffic situations ranging from light to extremely heavy traffic. Furthermore, the proposed technique can allocate the required numbers of channels in less than 1 s with FDM-FDMA even (4.5 s with OFDM-FDMA ) for 96% traffic load, while the first-fit and best-fit techniques fail to allocate any channel in such situations.

Sketches for the theory of new media

The text 'Sketches for the theory of new media' suggests open problems for eclectic discussion of new media in the field of contemporary aesthetics and art theory; it indicates the status of new media artwork and the replacement of the concept of artwork by artistic apparatus. More precisely, 'new media' denotes different artistic practices that are based on innovative working with artistic or extra-artistic media. 'New-media artistic practice' denotes introducing non-standard media into a standardized and customarily closed art discipline. For instance, new media may signify introducing photography, film or video into the respective contexts of painting, sculpture or music. 'New media' also denotes experimental investigations of the relations between various traditional and new media within traditionally defined mono-medium practices. Therefore, 'new media' likewise denotes all those intermedia and hybrid art practices that emerge in combinations of different kinds of media (the mixed media, multimedia, poly-media, extended media, art and technology, computer art, cyber art, tactical media, etc). Whereas the hybridization of media was important for the 1950s and '60s neo-avant-garde practices, it was introduced into art education only in the seventies. 'New media' denotes precisely those art practices that are based on artwork-programming (computer art, digital art, cyber art). In parallel with 'new media', one may also use the term 'meta-media', as defined by Lev Manovich. Meta-media is identified with computer multimedia and digital communication networks. The new-media art is no longer interested in observing and presenting the outer world in a new way but in finding new ways to approach and use data previously accumulated in the media. Meta-media art and culture are based on the digital computer as a technology vital for processing, representing or simulating information, which means imitating and positing the sensory effects of all other media.

Quality of consumer experience data mining for mobile multimedia communication networks: learning from measurements campaign

This paper presents an experimental approach of the major data mining algorithms which can be applied to the quality prediction of provided services by contemporary mobile communication networks. Recent developments in performance evaluation of rollout mobile communication networks are based on drive-test measurement campaigns as well as on network monitoring and management systems. In addition, large measurement databases as well as data warehouses are created, updated and used for a drill-down statistics analysis. An empirical comparison of modern data mining methods for quality prediction and estimation of speech and video telephony services is presented. Learning prediction models are constructed from live network measurements which have been previously collected by experimental equipment during measurement campaigns. Practically and summing up, the proposed engineering approach is general and is applicable to various radio access network technologies during planning and optimisation phases.

A Comparative Study of Call Admission Control in Mobile Multimedia Networks using Soft Computing

Call admission control (CAC) is one of challenging issues for quality of service (QoS) provisioning in mobile multimedia network communication systems. CAC can be defined as the system that restricts the network access based on resource availability. A new call is admitted if enough idle resources are available in order to meet the QoS requirements of the new call without violating the QoS for already accepted calls, otherwise the call is rejected. This paper provides a survey of different CAC schemes used for mobile multimedia networks using soft computing techniques like artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms. Soft computing can be used to obtain optimized results from many parameters used in mobile multimedia networks. Our goal is to review and compare the best features of soft computing applied in mobile multimedia networks to improve the capability of existing CAC methods. This paper also elaborates the future directions for the use of untouched areas of artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithm.

Research on Application of Perceived QoS Guarantee through Infrastructure Specific Traffic Parameter Optimization

The technological developments in the fields of multimedia clinical applications and communication networks require a specific analysis to increase the efficiency of network based healthcare services. In this work, we computed the optimum transmission parameter (data packet size) for applications needed to guarantee the perceived quality of service in the proposed ubiquitous healthcare network. This has been carried out through NS2 based simulation of a state wide area network infrastructure implemented in Himachal Pradesh, a state with diverse geographical terrain situated in the Western Himalayan region of India. The various types of healthcare applications and services have been classified into different classes according to their perceived QOS requirements as per the guidelines in ITU report on network performance objectives. The infrastructure specific optimum values of data packet size for these QoS classes have been computed. Network based healthcare applications and services running on both TCP and UDP type of traffic have been presented in this paper.

An Improved Autonomous Cross-Layer Optimization Framework for Wireless Multimedia Communication in Heterogeneous Networks

Various cross-layer optimization schemes have been proposed for the purpose of enhancing wireless network performances. In this paper, we present an improved autonomous cross-layer optimization to fit modern heterogeneous communication networks. In our design, different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for all sorts of information with various communication protocols are considered when making optimal transmission decisions. The modified framework achieves better system computation efficiency and adapts to various sources of different communication networks quickly while preserves the overall system performance.

High Speed Information Network Planning using Stochastic Optimization Method

From the 1994 CAIS Conference: The Information Industry in Transition McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. May 25 - 27, 1994.Broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) based on the asynchronous transmission mode (ATM) is becoming reality to provide high speed, multi bit rate multimedia communications. Multimedia communication network has to support voice, video and data traffics that have different traffic characteristics, delay sensitive or loss sensitive features have to be accounted for designing high speed multimedia information networks. In this paper, we formulate the network design problem by considering the multimedia communication requirements. A high speed multimedia information network design alogrithm is developed using a stochastic optimization method to find good solutions which meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of each traffic class with minimum cost.