Multi-level Task Research Articles

Differentiation in the Process of Learning English by Future Ship Engineers

Traditional methods of teaching English do not always allow us to consider the individual characteristics of future ship- engineers, their learning pace, cognitive styles and level of training, which can lead to the loss of motivation to learn and failure to master the material in full. The article substantiates the basic principles of differentiated learning (variability of tasks, frontal work, pair/group, and independent assignments). The research describes multi-level tasks for groups, considering different levels of English language proficiency. It is emphasized that differentiated learning contributes to the development of various skills important for ship's engineers, such as critical thinking, solving professional problems, high-level English for communication in an international crew, teamwork, etc. The author emphasizes the need to plan tasks for each stage of the lesson for groups with different knowledge bases and levels of training. It is important to anticipate possible difficulties that students may encounter in mastering the material and to use differentiated individual tasks in the classroom system. The advantages of differentiated learning are revealed: considering the individual characteristics of students, increasing motivation to learn. The disadvantages are also pointed out, since differentiated learning requires considerable effort and time from the teacher to plan classes, prepare various materials and tasks. Criteria for assessing the knowledge and skills of future specialists are proposed, since students of different groups perform different tasks and study according to different programs when learning maritime English. It is emphasized that the systematic use of different types of exercises for a particular group, taking into account the topic, stage of study and didactic goals, is optimal for improving the assimilation of knowledge of students

Embedding Tasks Into the Latent Space: Cross-Space Consistency for Multi-Dimensional Analysis in Echocardiography.

Multi-dimensional analysis in echocardiography has attracted attention due to its potential for clinical indices quantification and computer-aided diagnosis. It can utilize various information to provide the estimation of multiple cardiac indices. However, it still has the challenge of inter-task conflict. This is owing to regional confusion, global abnormalities, and time-accumulated errors. Task mapping methods have the potential to address inter-task conflict. However, they may overlook the inherent differences between tasks, especially for multi-level tasks (e.g., pixel-level, image-level, and sequence-level tasks). This may lead to inappropriate local and spurious task constraints. We propose cross-space consistency (CSC) to overcome the challenge. The CSC embeds multi-level tasks to the same-level to reduce inherent task differences. This allows multi-level task features to be consistent in a unified latent space. The latent space extracts task-common features and constrains the distance in these features. This constrains the task weight region that satisfies multiple task conditions. Extensive experiments compare the CSC with fifteen state-of-the-art echocardiographic analysis methods on five datasets (10,908 patients). The result shows that the CSC can provide left ventricular (LV) segmentation, (DSC = 0.932), keypoint detection (MAE = 3.06mm), and keyframe identification (accuracy = 0.943). These results demonstrate that our method can provide a multi-dimensional analysis of cardiac function and is robust in large-scale datasets.

Organization of the educational process for the formation of media and information literacy based on media text

Introduction. In conditions of heterogeneity and polyphony of the media space, it is necessary to methodologically substantiate and technologically skilfully organize the educational process to develop media and information literacy of students. The source and transmitter of information, knowledge, representative of cultural and value guidelines in modern media reality is the media text. On its basis, the formation of media and information literacy is integrated into the process of spiritual and moral development of the individual. This process is carried out based on the content of media texts and within the possible context. The purpose of the study – scientific substantiation and solution of the problem of using media text in the process of formation of media and information literacy of students on the basis of axiological understanding of the information space. Materials and methods. The research uses fundamental international and Russian documents that reflect the issues of media education, the formation of media and information literacy, the national security of the Russian Federation, scientific and methodological articles, monographs by Russian and foreign authors on this issue, media texts of various types and genres that are in the public domain. Research results. The expediency of an axiological approach to the organization of the process of formation of media and information literacy is proved. Based on this approach, the principles of media text selection are defined (axiological fullness and cultural conformity, problematic, informational significance, communicative value). The educational strategy that allows to implement the axiological approach is contextualization, within the framework of which multi-level tasks for working with media text for the formation of media and information literacy are formulated. Conclusion. The results obtained outline further research objectives. Let's list them: the definition of diagnostic tools to identify the level of formation of media and information literacy, the systematization of techniques and methods for the formation of media and information literacy, the preparation of detailed recommendations for improving the organization of the process of formation of media and information literacy of students.

DEVELOPMENT OF THINKING OF SECOND-GRADERS IN MATHEMATICS LESSONS IN THE PROCESS OF MASTERING THE LOGICAL METHOD OF CLASSIFICATION

The article is devoted to the study of the thinking of younger schoolchildren and one of the types of universal educational actions -logical actions, which are the basis of the ability to learn. The formation of a logical classification technique for second graders in mathematics lessons causes difficulties for the teacher. The problem of the study was the study of the specifics of the development of thinking of second graders in mathematics lessons in the process of mastering the classification technique. The purpose of the study is to identify the pedagogical conditions for the development of second-graders' thinking in mathematics lessons in the process of mastering the logical classification technique. The article describes the process of developing the thinkingof second graders in mathematics lessons by means of multi-level tasks.

APPLICATION OF WORKSHEETS WITH MULTI-LEVEL TASKS TO INCREASE THE LEVEL OF SELF-REGULATION AND THE QUALITY OF KNOWLEDGE IN CHEMISTRY

This article examines the effectiveness of using worksheets with multi-level tasks to increase the level of self-regulation and the quality of students' knowledge in chemistry, as well as provides examples from their work experience. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of developing self-regulation skills in the study of the subject in the context of the implementation of the updated content of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article presents data on student academic performance, which were compared before and after the study in grades 7. The results of the study showed that the involvement of students in the learning process increased, and at the end of the study, students independently found new knowledge and completed tasks from the worksheet.

A Multi-Level Task Framework for Event Sequence Analysis.

Despite the development of numerous visual analytics tools for event sequence data across various domains, including but not limited to healthcare, digital marketing, and user behavior analysis, comparing these domain-specific investigations and transferring the results to new datasets and problem areas remain challenging. Task abstractions can help us go beyond domain-specific details, but existing visualization task abstractions are insufficient for event sequence visual analytics because they primarily focus on multivariate datasets and often overlook automated analytical techniques. To address this gap, we propose a domain-agnostic multi-level task framework for event sequence analytics, derived from an analysis of 58 papers that present event sequence visualization systems. Our framework consists of four levels: objective, intent, strategy, and technique. Overall objectives identify the main goals of analysis. Intents comprises five high-level approaches adopted at each analysis step: augment data, simplify data, configure data, configure visualization, and manage provenance. Each intent is accomplished through a number of strategies, for instance, data simplification can be achieved through aggregation, summarization, or segmentation. Finally, each strategy can be implemented by a set of techniques depending on the input and output components. We further show that each technique can be expressed through a quartet of action-input-output-criteria. We demonstrate the framework's descriptive power through case studies and discuss its similarities and differences with previous event sequence task taxonomies.

FW-UAV Fault Diagnosis Based on Multilevel Task Knowledge Supplement Network Under Small Samples

FW-UAV Fault Diagnosis Based on Multilevel Task Knowledge Supplement Network Under Small Samples

HiRegEx: Interactive Visual Query and Exploration of Multivariate Hierarchical Data.

When using exploratory visual analysis to examine multivariate hierarchical data, users often need to query data to narrow down the scope of analysis. However, formulating effective query expressions remains a challenge for multivariate hierarchical data, particularly when datasets become very large. To address this issue, we develop a declarative grammar, HiRegEx (Hierarchical data Regular Expression), for querying and exploring multivariate hierarchical data. Rooted in the extended multi-level task topology framework for tree visualizations (e-MLTT), HiRegEx delineates three query targets (node, path, and subtree) and two aspects for querying these targets (features and positions), and uses operators developed based on classical regular expressions for query construction. Based on the HiRegEx grammar, we develop an exploratory framework for querying and exploring multivariate hierarchical data and integrate it into the TreeQueryER prototype system. The exploratory framework includes three major components: top-down pattern specification, bottom-up data-driven inquiry, and context-creation data overview. We validate the expressiveness of HiRegEx with the tasks from the e-MLTT framework and showcase the utility and effectiveness of TreeQueryER system through a case study involving expert users in the analysis of a citation tree dataset.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

The article examines the role of state regulation in the development of rural areas. It is determined that the balance of rural development depends on many factors and requires the application of many conceptual approaches to determining the directions of formation of a comfortable living environment for the populationEnsuring the successful implementation of the developed methods of supporting the development of rural areas of Ukraine relies on the legislative framework and the formation of the necessary resources. The specifics of the concept of sustainable rural development in Ukraine are as follows focusing primarily on the development of the agricultural sector. In addition, it is important to assess the problems and opportunities for rural development from the standpoint of agro-landscape, natural and geographical, organizational, economic, social and ethnic support of the object and to determine the specifics of all types of activities in this area. The formation of the instrumentarium of the state policy of sustainable development of rural areas for the period before the war in the Kharkiv region was based on the national concept of economic development of Ukraine. The war, which has been going on in Ukraine since February 2022, has made significant changes to the formation of the regional development strategy, as the implementation of its pre-war provisions is becoming impossible. In accordance with the martial law, the regulatory framework reflected in the regulatory documents that adjust the state strategy for the development of rural areas. State regulation in such conditions requires a more flexible approach to solving multilevel tasks of protection, restoration and search for opportunities for the country's development in the future. It is noted that in the current conditions of warfare on the territory of Ukraine, it is very important to substantiate and use various approaches to ensure the preservation and further creation of conditions for sustainable development of rural areas. Solving this problem will be one of the main areas of state support and implementation of targeted state programs and strategies aimed at developing the infrastructure of rural areas of Ukraine with a view to reviving the national economy.

A proposed Hyper-Heuristic optimizer Nesting Grey Wolf Optimizer and COOT Algorithm for Multilevel Task

It can be extremely difficult to find the optimal solution in many complex optimization problems. The goal of optimization algorithms in such cases is to locate a feasible solution that is as close as possible to the optimal one. These algorithms are called metaheuristic optimization algorithms and the majority of them take their inspiration from nature and work to solve challenging problems in a variety of fields. In this paper, a combination between GWO and Coot algorithm was proposed. The effectiveness of the GWO algorithm has been demonstrated in many fields, including engineering and medicine. However, GWO has a disadvantage: the potential to enter the local minima due to a lack of diversity. GWO and the Coot algorithm were merged to fix this flaw. Ten benchmark functions were used to evaluate the performance of this hybrid technique, and its results were compared to those of other common optimization algorithms, including GWO, Cuckoo Search (CS), and the Shuffled Frog Leaping algorithm (SFLA). The results show that the suggested algorithm can provide results that are both competitive and more consistent than the other algorithms in most test functions.

STRESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEARNING INDEPENDENCE IN PHYSICAL CULTURE AND HEALTH SAVING OF STUDENTS

The purpose of the study is to study the development of educational independence of future professionals in situations of educational and other stresses by means of physical culture. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of an integrative approach to understanding the processes and results of the development of educational independence of future specialists in the field of physical culture and health protection, which allows you to successfully prevent and effectively cope with educational and other stresses. Scientific research in this area is fragmentary, most of the existing ones relate either to the independence of schoolchildren and students, including in physical education lessons, in sports and other health-preserving practices; there are fewer studies of the independence of students in situations (distress), the role of a person’s independence in ensuring his socio-psychological security. Researchers note both the significance of the problems under consideration, as well as numerous difficulties and contradictions, including insufficient attention, especially in the context of vocational education, to the tasks of forming and developing students’ competencies in the field of physical education, stress resistance and health care, as well as their educational and professional independence. The research methodology is based on systemic and competency-based approaches. Research methods are theoretical analysis and synthesis of problems of development of educational independence in the context of professional training by means of physical culture. The results of studies of options and ways of developing the independence of health conservation are summarized, it is noted that health conservation as a systemic activity develops as a purposeful, conscious / reflective and developing activity in the field of coping with stress and other aspects of human well-being as a whole. Conclusion. The authors emphasize the importance of the systemic work of subjects of professional education in the context of the development of students' educational independence in the field of physical culture and health protection, aimed at preventing and correcting stressful conditions and their consequences. A socially and psychologically safe, healthy subject of education is an independent, responsible, fully functioning person (individual, student partner, professional), capable and ready to resolve emerging problems productively and effectively, without harming himself and others’ relationships with them. The development of educational independence of students in the field of physical education and health care is considered as a systemic, multicomponent and multi-level task of building relationships between various subjects and other stakeholders of education. The prospect of the research is the further development of an integrative model of formation and development of independence of subjects of vocational education through and in the process of physical culture and health care in general.

Development of students' critical thinking as the development of their functional literacy

Indicators of the quality, competitiveness of general education are the educational results of students recognized in the world, corresponding to functional literacy, which includes, among other things, critical thinking of students. The purpose of the paper is to develop a technique for the development of students' critical thinking Critical analysis of the text and its rationale, a description of its practical application in the educational practice of a general education institution. Research methods include methods of theoretical and empirical research. The paper proposes the technique Critical analysis of the text, represented by a new list of questions, the rationale for which is carried out on the basis of 4 laws of logic, the criteria for selecting the content of education, which provide the possibility to develop techniques for the development of critical thinking of students. An example of using the technique "Critical analysis of the text" at the lesson of Conversations about the important issues is also given. An analysis of the achievements of experimental work related to the use of techniques for the development of critical thinking of students in the educational process made it possible to establish an increment in the experience of critical thinking of students, which gave reason to consider the developed techniques effective. The scientific novelty of the study includes the method of "critical analysis of the text", represented by a new list of questions developed on the basis of the theories of critical thinking and logic. The theoretical significance of the study is related to the substantiation of the list of questions for the "Critical analysis of the text" technique, carried out on the basis of the argumentation theory, with the development of criteria for selecting the content of education, on the basis of which it is possible to design multi-level tasks for the development of students' critical thinking. The practical significance of the results of the study is shown in the given example of using the method "Critical analysis of the text" in educational practice, in particular at the lesson of "Sport and Politics" ("Talk about the important"). The Critical Analysis of the Text method developed in the study, which determines the development of critical thinking of students, enriches the theory of pedagogical design and opens up new opportunities for its further development.

Методика определения вероятности захвата асимметричных деталей формы тел вращения в дисковых бункерных загрузочно-ориентирующих устройствах

Modern equipment in the product assembly should be the automatically loaded reliable systems, where the hopper loading-orientation device is the main component. Recently, there appeared a lot of asymmetric parts, including those with implicit asymmetry. In this connection, it becomes necessary to design such capture devices that are optimal in all the parameters. However, the probabilistic operation principle and the device ability to operate only in capturing a specific part with certain geometric parameters significantly complicate their design and require solution to the complex multi-level tasks. The most important task is to determine its performance, namely the probability of capturing the parts in the hopper loading-orientation device. The paper presents a detailed methodology making it possible to determine the probability of capturing the parts in the bunker loading-orientation devices of various types that implement different methods in capturing and orienting parts with the revolution body shape of a wide range, both with implicit and explicit asymmetry, for constructing the performance mathematical model. To build a mathematical model of the capture probability, probabilities of finding the part in the favorable position for capturing it with its differing orientations, limiting circumferential speed of the capturing bodies of the hopper loading-orientation device and absence of interference from the interlocking parts were determined. Dependencies are provided that are making it possible to graphically determine the indicated parameters of the mathematical model

Measuring the Impact of E-Portfolio Assessment on the Moroccan Undergraduate EFL Students’ Reading Skill at the University of Moulay Ismail: A Case Study

<p><em>Motivated by the conviction that formative assessment can foster positive changes in reading instruction, this study seeks to investigate the impact of e-portfolio as a formative assessment tool, on the reading skill of semester two EFL students at the Department of English Studies in Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Morocco. A pre-posttest experimental design is adopted in this study. The sample of the study consists of thirty-two students who are randomly assigned into two groups: an experimental group with a number of sixteen respondents who have received an e-portfolio assessment and a control group of sixteen participants who had traditional standardized testing. The two groups received different assessment methods but had similar reading comprehension instruction. A reading proficiency Test was administered to the comparative groups on two occasions before and after the experiment. The reading proficiency test constitutes of three multilevel tasks of Literal, Inferential, and Evaluative comprehension. The test scores serve as criteria for statistical comparisons between the comparative groups. The results show that the experimental group demonstrated improved reading comprehension in all three tasks, whereas the control group upgraded only in the literal comprehension task. Overall results of the current study are consistent with past research that provides support for the use of e-portfolio to assess and monitor students’ reading proficiency. The findings and conclusions derived from the present study can serve as a starting point for such an assessment to take place. Decision-makers and teachers can thus promote the use of e-portfolios in language teaching and learning as a formative assessment.</em></p>

Constrained Reinforcement Learning in Hard Exploration Problems

One approach to guaranteeing safety in Reinforcement Learning is through cost constraints that are dependent on the policy. Recent works in constrained RL have developed methods that ensure constraints are enforced even at learning time while maximizing the overall value of the policy. Unfortunately, as demonstrated in our experimental results, such approaches do not perform well on complex multi-level tasks, with longer episode lengths or sparse rewards. To that end, we propose a scalable hierarchical approach for constrained RL problems that employs backward cost value functions in the context of task hierarchy and a novel intrinsic reward function in lower levels of the hierarchy to enable cost constraint enforcement. One of our key contributions is in proving that backward value functions are theoretically viable even when there are multiple levels of decision making. We also show that our new approach, referred to as Hierarchically Limited consTraint Enforcement (HiLiTE) significantly improves on state of the art Constrained RL approaches for many benchmark problems from literature. We further demonstrate that this performance (on value and constraint enforcement) clearly outperforms existing best approaches for constrained RL and hierarchical RL.

ECOLOGIZATION OF THE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT SECTOR, IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN UKRAINE

The paper examines the problems and prospects of greening as an innovative concept of hotel-restaurant development. The current state and trends in the development of greening of tourist infrastructure facilities in Ukraine and the world are analyzed. The criteria and legal principles of eco-hotels have been studied. The main causes and consequences of the negative impact of the hotel-restaurant sector on the environment have been established. The Ukrainian and world experience of existing eco-hotels are characterized, their problems are analyzed and recommendations are made for solving them and for the successful development of eco-hotels in Ukraine. The main tasks that determine effective activity in the eco-hotel business are formulated, in particular: the selection of the most promising target segments of the eco-hotel market and the development of a strategy focused on them; development and formation of ecological style, its correct use in internal and external premises of hotels and restaurants; development of a clear and, in accordance with the requirements of the market, program for the positioning of the eco-hotel; informing consumers through advertising and mass media about the positioning indicators of the eco-hotel and restaurant; development of proposals for the formation and correction of a positive image of the eco-hotel and restaurant in the minds of consumers. It is substantiated that the reorientation of existing hotel enterprises to “environmental” ones can solve several multi-faceted and multi-level tasks at the same time: ensure resource savings at the enterprise level; improve economic indicators due to compliance with the current trend; promote the development of the tourist cluster and the formation of ecological infrastructure in the region; promote the ideas of a “green” way of life in society; to form the market of ecological products and services; improve the image of the region and the country. Based on the results of the research, the following advantages of eco-hotels are highlighted: conservation of natural resources; reduction of water consumption; saving electricity; reduction of costs for energy resources; reduction of costs for materials undergoing secondary processing; attracting new customers due to a favorable environmental situation; positive positioning of the services market; additional opportunity to advertise the hotel; creating a reputation for the brand and the hotel as a socially responsible company. Positioning the hotel as an eco-hotel gives its owner a number of competitive advantages, among which the possibility of using this status for advertising purposes, creating a favorable microclimate for staff and guests, and increasing occupancy rates should be highlighted. It is well-founded that eco-hotels are promising hotels that are designed to maintain the state of the natural environment, raise environmental awareness and responsibility in society, and their guests can enjoy a healthy vacation in harmony with nature.

Digital twin-based multi-level task rescheduling for robotic assembly line

Assembly is a critical step in the manufacturing process. Robotic assembly technology in automatic production lines has greatly improved the production efficiency. However, in assembly process, dynamic disturbances such as processing time change and advance delivery may occur, which cause the scheduling deviation. Traditional scheduling methods are not sufficient to meet the real-time and adaptive requirements in smart manufacturing. Digital twin (DT) has the characteristics of virtual-reality interaction and real-time mapping. In this paper, we propose a DT-based framework of task rescheduling for robotic assembly line (RAL) and its key methodologies, thus to realize the timely and dynamic adjustment of scheduling plan under uncertain interferences. First, a DT model of RAL task rescheduling composed of physical entity (PE), virtual entity (VE), and virtual-reality interaction mechanism is proposed. Then, a mathematical model is established. By analyzing the adaptive objective thresholds from the perspectives of event trigger and user demand trigger, a DT-driven multi-level (production unit level and line level) rescheduling strategy is proposed. Taking both the computing time and solution quality into consideration, the precedence graph is introduced to propose a rescheduling approach based on an improved discrete fireworks algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and approach are verified by task scheduling experiments of RAL.

Team Adaptation to Discontinuous Task Change: Equity and Equality as Facilitators of Individual and Collective Task Capabilities Redevelopment

Teams often need to adapt to planned discontinuous task change or fundamental alteration of tasks, tools, and work systems. Although team adaptation theories have made substantive progress in explaining how teams can respond to change, they have not adequately considered the unique impact that discontinuous task change can have on teams. Such change can render not only collective but also individual task capabilities obsolete and necessitate a multilevel task relearning process. Drawing on the team compilation model, we suggest that adaptation to discontinuous task change is akin to team (re)development. We posit that teams are more effective when they approach discontinuous task change by first focusing on the rebuilding of individual task capabilities and only later shifting their attention to the rebuilding of team-level task capabilities. Moreover, we argue that the uncertainty caused by discontinuous task change makes reward fairness salient such that equity and equality in rewards are particularly useful in motivating members to (re)develop individual and collective task capabilities, respectively. We provide support for these arguments using survey, qualitative, and archival data from 115 manufacturing teams and discuss the implications of our findings for both research and practice. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1621 .

MLI: A Multi-level Inference Mechanism for User Attributes in Social Networks

In the social network, each user has attributes for self-description called user attributes, which are semantically hierarchical. Attribute inference has become an essential way for social platforms to realize user classifications and targeted recommendations. Most existing approaches mainly focus on the flat inference problem neglecting the semantic hierarchy of user attributes, which will cause serious inconsistency in multi-level tasks. In this article, we propose a multi-level model MLI, where information propagation part collects attribute information by mining the global graph structure, and the attribute correction part realizes the mutual correction between different levels of attributes. Further, we put forward the concept of generalized semantic tree, a way of representing the hierarchical structure of user attributes, whose nodes are allowed to have multiple parent nodes unlike the regular tree. Both regular and generalized semantic trees are commonly used in practice, and can be handled by our model. Besides, by making the inference start from sub-networks with sufficient attribute information, we design a “Ripple” algorithm to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our model. For evaluation purposes, we conduct extensive verification experiments on DBLP datasets. The experimental results show the superior effect of MLI, compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

Research on Training Effectiveness of Professional Maintenance Personnel Based on Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Technology

The maintenance training method based on Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technology has the characteristics of safety, no space limitation, and good reusability. Compared with the traditional training method, it can reduce the training cost, shorten the training period, and improve training effectiveness. Therefore, more and more maintenance training use VR and AR to replace training based on actual equipment to improve training effectiveness. However, in the context of multi-level tasks, there is still no clear research conclusion on how to choose training methods, maximize the advantages of each training method, and achieve higher training effectiveness. In response to this problem, this study constructed three training platforms based on VR, AR, and actual equipment, designed three maintenance tasks at different levels, and created a comparative analysis of the training effects of 60 male trainees under the three tasks and three training platforms. The results show that for single-level maintenance tasks, the training effect of the traditional group was significantly better than that of the AR group and the VR group. For multi-level maintenance tasks, the training effect of AR group was significantly better than that of the VR group. With the increasing difficulty of maintenance tasks, the training efficiency of the AR group was more than 10% higher than that of the VR group and traditional group and the AR group had less cognitive load. The conclusions of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of training methods and evaluation design and help to formulate training strategies, thereby shortening the training period of professional maintenance personnel.