Multilayer Process Research Articles

Fabrication of CaCO3 Microcubes and Mechanistic Study for Efficient Removal of Pb from Aqueous Solution

Pb(II) contamination in aquatic environments has adverse effects on humans even at a low concentration, so the efficient removal of Pb at a low cost is vital for achieving an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and healthy society. A variety of CaCO3-based functional adsorbents have been synthesized to remove Pb, but the adsorption capacity is still unsatisfactory. Herein, calcite CaCO3 microcubes/parallelepipeds are synthesized via simple precipitation and a hydrothermal approach and found to outperform previously reported nano-adsorbents considerably. The CaCO3 achieves a high removal efficiency for Pb(II) (>99%) at a very low dosage (0.04–0.1 g/L) and an initial Pb(II) concentration of 100 mg/L. The CaCO3 presents an excellent adsorption capacity of 4018 mg/g for Pb(II) removal and depicts good stability over a wide range of pH 6–11. The maximum adsorption kinetics are fitted well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, whereas the Freundlich isotherm delineates the adsorption data at equilibrium well, indicating a multilayer adsorption process. The ex situ study confirms that the Pb(II) adsorption mechanism by CaCO3 can be attributed to the rapid metal-ion-exchange reaction between Pb(II) and Ca2+. Furthermore, a red shift in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy peak from 1386 cm−1 to 1374 cm−1 of CaCO3 after Pb removal indicates the adsorption of Pb onto the surface. This adsorbent provides an opportunity to treat wastewater and can be extended to remove other toxic heavy metals.

Unripe Plantain Peel Biohydrogel for Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solution

Dye contamination is a serious environmental issue, particularly affecting water bodies, driving efforts to synthesize adsorbent materials with high dye-removal capacities. In this context, eco-friendly and cost-effective materials derived from bioresidues are being explored to recycle and valorize waste. This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and application of a biohydrogel made from unripe plantain peel (PP), modified with carboxymethyl groups and crosslinked using varying concentrations of citric acid (CA), an eco-friendly and economical organic acid. The materials were characterized by ATR-FTIR, TGA, and SEM, confirming the successful synthesis of hydrogels, which exhibited rough, irregular surfaces with micropores. Additionally, the materials were analyzed for their pH point of zero charge, swelling capacity, and methylene blue (MB) dye removal efficiency. The results indicate that the biohydrogel formed with 1% CA exhibited the most favorable characteristics for MB removal. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption mechanism is pH-dependent, with equilibrium being reached in 720 min. The Freundlich isotherm model provided the best fit for the adsorption data, suggesting a heterogeneous surface and a multilayer adsorption process, with a maximum retention capacity of 600.8 ± 2.1 mg/g at pH 4. These findings contribute to the development of cost-effective and efficient materials for dye removal, particularly from water bodies.

The public and private mix in the production of childcare: a case study of 21st century South Korea

Purpose The aim of this study is to demonstrate the usefulness of the “publicness” and “privateness” concepts in examining childcare policy reforms. Understanding them as having multiple facets, this paper challenges the way in which childcare-going-public is often simply assessed based on the coverage of publicly-funded childcare services. Instead, it highlights that the process should be more thoroughly examined by considering who pays for whom to provide childcare, where it takes place, how it is regulated, and what kinds of normative ideals it works towards.Design/methodology/approach The research design is two-fold. Firstly, it coins the concepts of “publicness” and “privateness” based on existing literature on welfare pluralism and public administration. It then unpacks the key facets constituting this conceptual twin within the childcare context, which are utilised to craft four models of childcare production. Secondly, this framework is analytically applied to explore 21st-century South Korea to track the changes and continuities in its childcare production models across four governments.Findings The analysis shows that while South Korea's childcare publicness increased in terms of funding, its privateness was bolstered in regard to the location of childcare, the way that publicly-funded childcare services were regulated and delivered, and the manner in which childcare was partially consolidated as a familial responsibility.Originality/value This paper proposes a new conceptual framework to analyse the complex and multi-layered process of how childcare goes public, which is analytically applied to a cross-governmental comparative study of South Korea.

Electrophoretic deposition of novel antibacterial and biocompatible polydopamine and ZIF-8 hybrid composite coating on anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloy with silane primary substrate

Production of biocompatible and corrosion resistance dental implant is a requirement in the modern dental science. In this work, the Ti-6Al-4V was used alloy for the dental implant application that has investigated to make it more corrosion resistive and antibacterial with electrophoretic deposition of silane precursor solution that made of acidic solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and methyl three ethoxy silane (MTES). The optimized silane coating has been achieved with 30 V, 30 min and at 100 °C ramped annealing by comparison of Taffel analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, a new nanocomposite including polydopamine (PDA) and zeolite imidazole frame work composed from Zn (NO3)2 .6H2O and 2-methylimidazole (ZIF-8) that name PDA@ZIF-8 has been used as biocompatible and corrosion resistance amplifier to the precursor solution and used in the multilayer deposition process. The morphology analysis including atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) imaging and the obtained parameters show that coating has appropriate roughness that could increase the bounding of implant. A good adhesion strength has been determined for the two-layers silane coating with PDA@ZIF-8 according to the pull- off test. On the other hand, the antibacterial analysis indicate that the coating is an effective material for S. mutans and E. coli reduction that is another criterion for the dental implant materials. The results was introduced the coated Ti-6Al-4V could be used as corrosion resistive and antibacterial dental implant material.

Design a new scheme for image security using a deep learning technique of hierarchical parameters

Abstract With the continued exponential growth of digital images, concerns about the security and confidentiality of visual data have increased. In this session, a new developed approach was presented for image security and confidentiality by taking advantage of deep learning (DL) technology and producing data hierarchies. Due to the development taking place in the field of images and the large circulation of them through modern applications, it has become necessary to maintain their security. DL technology was used to encrypt and decrypt images, and based on hierarchical variables to complicate the encryption process. Convolutional neural networks are used in automatic learning to extract hierarchical features from an image, and to ensure adaptability, the model is trained on a variety of images. In order to encrypt the image, multi-layered hierarchical processes are used, and there are layers added during the work for complexity and to thwart attacks. Manipulating the layers of the neural network in a hierarchical manner to benefit from the outputs of the layers in feedback reflects the importance of the contributions here. Likewise, scattering the columns and rows of the image in a descending or ascending manner increases the efficiency of the contribution in this study. The use of hierarchical parameters facilitates encryption and decryption for authorized users. The evaluation of the research was conducted using established picture metrics and compared to pre-existing encryption techniques. The experimental findings substantiated the efficacy of the proposed approach in upholding image security, with the inclusion of hierarchical information further bolstering its ability to thwart attacks. Consequently, it emerges as a very promising strategy for ensuring image security. The proposed method is a significant advancement in creating an image security strategy using DL and a hierarchical variable creation process. The study provides a good and adaptable solution to evolving image security challenges in the digital age.

Research on flame characteristics and coating growth process of titanium alloy in HVAF spraying

AbstractIn this work, a flow field model of WC–12Co powder sprayed by high‐velocity air fuel (HVAF) was established based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The macro–micro coupled thermodynamic model of coating multilayer growth process was established based on the birth and death element method. The temperature and velocity of the particles in the combustion flame were applied to the coating growth model, and the transient evolution of the coating temperature and thermal stress was revealed. The results show the temperature and thermal stress of coatings increase with the increasing the number of spraying layers, and their incremental gradient gradually decreases with the increasing the number of deposition layers. The peak temperature of the coating surface reaches 1494 K, and the peak thermal stress of the first coating reaches 2693 MPa. The maximum stress of spraying particles appears at the contact edge of particles. Further preparation of WC coating, through the hardness, friction, and wear, corrosion tests verify that WC–12Co coating can effectively provide the TC18 substrate performance. The microhardness of WC–12Co coating was approximately three times that of TC18 substrate. The average friction coefficient and corrosion rate of the coating are 0.15 and 0.06 mg/cm2/h lower than that of the substrate, respectively.

The International and the Local Worker: Understanding Multi-layered Processes of Racialisation in International Development Organisations

AbstractThis article seeks to examine how institutional hierarchies relate to processes of racialisation in development organisations that are multiracial. Complementing and building on existing literature focussed on race and development it shows how processes of racialisation help to produce and legitimate distinctions between local and international development professionals. It argues these divides cannot always be neatly mapped onto phenotype but are related to processes of racialisation tied to knowledge and class and this, in turn, helps to produce inequalities—power imbalances, pay differences and differential access to organisational benefits—between development workers. Therefore, while forms of racism and their material impacts shape the experiences of international staff of colour, there is another layer of racialisation at play that cannot be explained through existing racial categories but that draws on colonial ideas of epistemic superiority to create specific forms of racialisation within development organisations.

Nutrient recovery from urine: Urea adsorption onto biochar integrated with Na-chabazite as urease inhibitor

This study presents an innovative technical integration for concomitant nutrient recovery from source-separated urine. While cation exchange is known for efficient K+ recovery, it faces competition due to the high molarity of NH4+ in hydrolyzed urine. This study proposes inhibiting urease activity to facilitate the recovery of K⁺ and urea from fresh urine. Na-chabazite was first proposed as a urease inhibitor in this study, reducing urease activity by 50 %. Wood biochar, with its high porosity (308.0 m²/g) and polar functional groups, shows a urea adsorption capacity of 25.4 mg/g, which can be further improved by steam activation. The isotherm analysis suggests that urea adsorption onto biochar follows a multi-layer adsorption process. Finally, an integrated process is suggested: "Na-chabazite and Biochar adsorption → urea hydrolysis → struvite precipitation + ammonia stripping-acid scrubbing", ensuring efficient recovery of urea, NH4+, PO43-, and K+ from source-separated urine.

Adsorption of Congo red on magnetic cobalt-manganese ferrite nanoparticles: Adsorption kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry.

Magnetic Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared via the combustion and calcination process, with an average particle diameter of 31.5 nm and a saturation magnetization of 25.25 emu·g-1, they were employed to adsorbe Congo red (CR) from wastewater, the Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm were consistent with the adsorption data, indicating that their adsorption was a multilayer chemisorption process, the thermodynamic investigation showed that the adsorption was a favored exothermic process. The ionic strength of Cl- in CR solution had no obvious effect on the adsorption efficiency of Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles, and the maximum adsorbance was 58.3 mg·g-1 at pH 2, decreasing as the pH of the CR solutions increased from 2 to 12. The ion leaching experiment and XRD demonstrated that Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles had excellent stability, and the relative removal rate was 93.85% of the first time after 7 cycles. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that CR was adsorbed onto Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles, and the electrical conductivity of Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles decreased after adsorption of CR. Magnetic Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles displayed a promising application in wastewater treatment.

Numerical simulation of thermal and stress fields for multilayer and multi-pass weaving WAAM of magnesium alloy

Purpose A 3D finite element (FE) model based on the double ellipsoidal heat source was developed to investigate the evolution of temperature and stress fields during the multilayer and multi-pass wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process. This paper aims to investigate the evolution of temperature and stress fields during the multilayer and multi-pass wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process by developing a 3D finite element (FE) model based on the double ellipsoidal heat source. Design/methodology/approach Experimental thermal cycle curves and residual stresses were obtained by thermocouples and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The validity of the model was verified by the corresponding experimental results. Findings The deposition process of the upper pass led to the partial remelting of the lower deposited pass. The thermal process of the current-deposited pass alleviated the stress concentration in the previous-formed passes. A more uniform temperature distribution could be obtained by using the reciprocating deposition path. Compared to the reciprocating deposition path, the peak values of the transverse and longitudinal tensile residual stresses of the deposited sample under the unidirectional deposition path were reduced by 15 MPa and increased by 13 MPa, respectively. The heat conduction in the deposited passes could be improved by extending the inter-pass cooling time appropriately. With an increase in the inter-pass cooling time, the longitudinal residual stress in the middle region of sample along longitudinal and transverse directions showed increase and decrease–increase trends, respectively, while the transverse residual stress exhibited decrease trend. Originality/value This study enhances the understanding of temperature and stress fields evolution during the multilayer and multi-pass cold metal transfer-WAAM processes of magnesium alloy and provides the reference for parameter optimization.

Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic aspects of phenol adsorption onto acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene copolymer

Adsorption of phenol onto acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene copolymer (AN-DVB) was comprehensively investigated with the aspect of kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic. The effect of adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, temperature, and pH were studied in batch adsorption process. Maximum phenol adsorption capacity was obtained at neutral pH of phenol solution (6.8), at room temperature (25 °C) and at higher initial concentrations (500 mg/L) as 117 mg/g. After examining two-parameter- and three-parameter-adsorption-isotherm models, experimental data were represented well by using Freundlich adsorption isotherm model at neutral pH. Due to the all possible interactions like hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and hydrophobic ineractions have different strengths and energetic values, phenol adsorption at neutral pH (6.8) exhibited a heterogeneous multilayer process. On the other hand, Langmuir and BET models well represented the experimental data obtained beyond neutral pH due to the weakening of different interactions, hence, multilayer but more uniform adsorption occurred. Phenol adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model that shows the surface interactions play significant role on the adsorption rate. Analysis of Boyd's intraparticle and external diffusion kinetic models indicated that in addition to surface interactions, diffusion also controlled the adsorption rate at room temperature. Activation energy was calculated as 92.99 kJ/mol, which shows the strong interaction between phenol and AN-DVB. Adsorption enthalpy change and entropy change was calculated as −25.731 kJ/mol and −0.041 kJ/molK, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous in nature.

High-effective, convenient and environmental-friendly MOFs-chitosan-glyoxal composite film for ceftizoxime adsorption: Behavior and mechanisms.

In this work, a novel PCN-222-chitosan-glyoxal (PCN@CSG2) composite film was constructed by loading PCN-222 in chitosan substrate, and used for ceftizoxime adsorption. The results demonstrated that the PCN@CSG not only had excellent adsorption properties for ceftizoxime, but also maintained excellent structural properties in harsh environments (strong acids and alkalis), making it have good recycling performance. Specifically, the adsorption kinetics and isotherms investigation demonstrated that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model respectively, indicating that it was a multilayer process mainly controlled by chemisorption. The PCN@CSG possesses excellent absorptive capacity of 561.7 mg·g-1 and reaches equilibrium rapidly within 60 min, which is attributed to the structural advantages of PCN-222 and chitosan. The amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups of PCN-222 provide numbers of active sites and cationic chitin greatly promoted the electrostatic adsorption with negative ceftizoxime. In addition, the PCN@CSG has the advantages of renewable and environment-friendly for the biodegradation of chitosan. After five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, the removal rate was still higher than 90 %, confirming the excellent reusability of PCN@CSG. This work provided a great prospect for the design and application of shaped-MOFs composite materials for the removal of cephalosporins in environmental water.

Computational modeling of multi-track multi-layer laser directed energy deposition process

This study presents the development of a 3D fully coupled thermomechanical finite element model to evaluate the melt pool geometry, defects, and micro-hardness of multi-track multi-layer deposition in the powder feed laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) technique. Fabrication strategies can significantly affect the melt pool geometry and material behavior of the manufactured components. Understanding the effect of process parameters in a multi-track multi-layer LDED is important. Optimal process parameters are crucial for achieving high-quality deposition in terms of deposition geometry and integrity. The model can aid in mitigating issues such as inadequate inter-track or track-substrate fusion, porosity, cracks, and other defects. A multi-track multi-layer finite element model (FEM) can realistically predict melt pool evolution, mechanical properties, and defects in laser-LDED. This work focuses on the development of a fully coupled thermomechanical model for multi-track multi-layer deposition processes using ABAQUS®. The finite element framework employs Johnson-Cook’s flow stress model for constitutive behavior and the Koistein-Marburger equation for predicting hardness. Two tracks and two layers of SS316L powder are deposited on an SS304 substrate in finite element simulations and experiments. The model has been validated for the melt-pool depth in the substrate, deposition geometry, heat-affected zone, and hardness. It has been observed that there is a ∼10 % error in the prediction of melt pool geometry characterization and a ∼12 % error in hardness as compared to experimental results. The melt-pool width, depth, substrate dilution, and hardness have been characterized as a function of process parameters via simulations and experiments. The model is capable of predicting inter-track and interface defects. In addition, the effect of interlayer cooling on the melt-pool geometry and hardness has been studied.

Insights into the enhanced adsorption of glyphosate by dissolved organic matter in farmland Mollisol: effects and mechanisms of action.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is easy to combine with residual pesticides and affect their morphology and environmental behavior. Given that the binding mechanism between DOM and the typical herbicide glyphosate in soil is not yet clear, this study used adsorption experiments, multispectral techniques, density functional theory, and pot experiments to reveal the interaction mechanism between DOM and glyphosate on Mollisol in farmland and their impact on the environment. The results show that the adsorption of glyphosate by Mollisol is a multilayer heterogeneous chemical adsorption process. After adding DOM, due to the early formation of DOM and glyphosate complex, the adsorption process gradually became dominated by single-layer chemical adsorption, and the adsorption capacity increased by 1.06 times. Glyphosate can quench the endogenous fluorescence of humic substances through a static quenching process dominated by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, and instead enhance the fluorescence intensity of protein substances by affecting the molecular environment of protein molecules. The binding of glyphosate to protein is earlier, of which affinity stronger than that of humic acid. In this process, two main functional groups (C-O in aromatic groups and C-O in alcohols, ethers and esters) exist at the binding sites of glyphosate and DOM. Moreover, the complexation of DOM and glyphosate can effectively alleviate the negative impact of glyphosate on the soil. This study has certain theoretical guidance significance for understanding the environmental behavior of glyphosate and improving the sustainable utilization of Mollisol.

Wide-bandgap semiconductor SiC-based memristors fabricated entirely by electron beam evaporation for artificial synapses

The combination of high-performance materials and simplified multilayer fabrication processes can promote the rapid and high-quality development of memristors. In this work, we proposed wide-bandgap semiconductor silicon carbide (SiC)-based memristors fabricated entirely by electron beam evaporation technology. The Cu/SiC/Pt structure was fabricated on a 2-inch intrinsic silicon substrate, which can achieve a transition from volatility to non-volatility. Devices had a low and symmetric switching voltage of ±0.5 V, an endurance of >200 cycles, a retention of >103 s, an ON/OFF ratio of ∼103, and can achieve at least 6 different stable resistance states. The combined effects of traps and Cu conductive filaments caused the current to change abruptly during switching, while also possessing excellent synaptic plasticity and pulse programming ability. Our work demonstrated that wide-bandgap semiconductor SiC is a promising candidate for advanced memristors.

Enhancing User Experience in VR Environments through AI-Driven Adaptive UI Design

This paper presents a new approach to improving user experience in virtual reality (VR) environments using AI-driven user interface (UI) design. The proposed system uses advanced machine learning techniques to update UI content based on user interaction and real-time context. A comprehensive literature review examines the current state of VR interfaces, AI applications in UI/UX design, and evolving UI technologies. Data is a multi-layered process combining data collection, processing, and editing over time. The design was developed and evaluated through a rigorous study involving 50 participants, comparing a modified UI against a static UI control. The results showed a significant improvement in performance, experience reduction, and overall user satisfaction. The modified UI group showed an 18.6% reduction in completion time, a 47.8% reduction in errors, and a 34.9% increase in user satisfaction scores compared to the static UI group. Physiological data analysis supports these findings, showing reduced stress and increased engagement. This research contributes to the field of VR interface design by providing empirical evidence for the effectiveness of AI-driven adaptive UIs in improving user experience and field performance. Virtual.

Decoupled semantic graph neural network for knowledge graph embedding

Knowledge graph embedding (KGE) learns an embedding space for a more accurate representation of entities and relations. Although the KGE model has proliferated, it often fails to fully capture the rich semantics in knowledge graphs. Some studies attempt to apply decoupling methods to decompose node representations, yet they neglect the semantic noise generated during the decoupled process. To address these issues, we introduce the decoupled semantic graph network for KGE (named DSGNet), which employs a novel approach that combines semantic decoupling with structural awareness. DSGNet begins by projecting the knowledge graph into distinct semantic spaces, ensuring minimal correlation between them to achieve effective semantic decoupling. To mitigate semantic noise, a top-k sampling technique is applied to the decoupled graphs. DSGNet then aggregates these different semantic graphs using a relation-aware aggregation module, followed by a multi-layer aggregation process for enhanced node representation. The extensive experiments demonstrate that DSGNet performs competitively on two popular datasets. We make our code publicly available at https://github.com/HubuKG/DSGNet.

On the Experience of Teaching Monumental Painting Using the Method of Visual Learning

The author of the article investigates the use of a visual teaching approach for monumental painting, as applied to fifth-year students at the Sergey Andriaka Academy of Watercolor and Fine Arts. The project involved students and their teacher collaboratively creating a painting plafond with a total area of 78 m2. The article chronicles the project's workflow, encompassing the creation of sketches, preparation of cardboard, execution of multilayer painting on canvases, and the subsequent installation of the plafond. Emphasis is placed on techniques for creating polychrome images using colorants with a restrained tonal and color palette, as well as on the multilayer oil painting process, which includes a grisaille tempera undercoat and a final glaze.

Oyster shell facilitates the green production of nitrogen-doped porous biochar from macroalgae: a case study for removing atrazine from water

Low-cost and green preparation of efficient sorbents is critical to the removal of organic contaminants during water treatment. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of macroalgae and oyster shell was designed to synthesize nitrogen-doped porous biochars for sorption removal of atrazine from water. Oyster shell played a significant role in opening pores in macroalgae-derived biochars, resulting in the surface area of the macroalgae (Enteromorpha prolifera and Ulva lactuca) and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous as high as 1501.80 m2 g−1 and 1067.18 m2 g−1, the pore volume reached 1.04 cm3 g−1 and 0.93 cm3 g−1, and O/C decreased to 0.09 and 0.08, respectively. The sorption capacity of atrazine to nitrogen-doped porous biochars (the Enteromorpha prolifera, Ulva lactuca and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous) reached 312.06 mg g−1 and 340.52 mg g−1. Pore-filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π or p-π stacking and electrostatic interaction dominated the multilayer sorption process. Moreover, the nitrogen-doped porous biochars showed great performance in cyclic reusability, and the Enteromorpha prolifera, Ulva lactuca and oyster shell co-pyrolyzed carbonaceous sorption capacity still reached 246.13 mg g−1 and 255.97 mg g−1, respectively. Thus, this study suggested that it is feasible and efficient to remove organic contaminants with the nitrogen-doped porous biochars co-pyrolyzed from macroalgae and oyster shell, providing a potential green resource utilization of aquatic wastes for environmental remediation.Graphical

An Ultramicroporous Zinc‐Based Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 for the Adsorption of CO2, CH4, CO, N2 and H2: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

AbstractAn alternative synthesis route to obtain ultramicroporous zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) is reported that is rapid and does not require organic solvent or heating. The polyethylene glycol‐templated ZIF‐8 nanoparticles (<50 nm size) exhibited a high BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) surface area of 1853 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.73 cm3/g, and 0.54 nm ultramicropores. A new approach is introduced here to better understand gas adsorption in porous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) that combines theoretical and experimental isotherm data obtained for five gases with statistical physics modelling. The multiscale analytical model reveals that the gas molecules, irrespective of their structure, adsorb in a mixed orientation at low temperature, and a parallel multi‐molecular orientation at higher temperature. The number of gas molecules adsorbed per site ranged from 0.83–2.2 while the number of adsorbent layers ranged between 1.4–5.6, depending on the gas and the temperature. The multilayer adsorption processes involved adsorption energies from 2.85 kJ/mol–9.77 kJ/mol for all gases, consistent with physisorption via van der Waals and London dispersion forces. The initial adsorption energies were higher and therefore stronger. A particularly high capacity for CO2 of 1088 mg(CO2)/g at 298 K was observed while H2 adsorption was only 9 mg(H2)/g. The other gases adsorbed at 145 mg/g–245 mg/g at 298 K. Thermodynamic functions that governed the adsorption process such as the internal energy, the enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy, are also reported, as well as the adsorption entropies, for the 5 gases.