Multilayer Sheets Research Articles

Fabrication and Characterization of Biocompatible Multilayered Elastomer Hybrid with Enhanced Water Permeation Resistance for Packaging of Implantable Biomedical Devices

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of hexadecyl-modified SiO2 (HD-SiO2) nanoparticles and their application in the fabrication of a multilayered elastomer hybrid sheet to enhance water resistance in implantable biomedical devices. The surface modification of SiO2 nanoparticles was confirmed via FT-IR and TGA analyses, showing the successful grafting of hydrophobic hexadecyl groups. FE-SEM and DLS analyses revealed spherical HD-SiO2 nanoparticles with an average size of 360 nm. A multilayered elastomer hybrid sheet, consisting of a PDMS-based circuit-protecting body, a water resistance layer of HD-SiO2, a planarization layer, and a biocompatible layer of polydopamine, was fabricated and characterized. The water resistance layer exhibited superhydrophobic properties, with a water contact angle of 154.7° and a 27% reduction in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) compared to the circuit-protecting body alone. The device packaged with both the circuit-protecting body and water resistance layer demonstrated a tenfold increase in operational lifespan in water medium compared to the device without the water resistance layer. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation tests on human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFn) confirmed the biocompatibility of the multilayered sheet, with no significant cytotoxicity observed over 48 h.

Spatial and temporal tracking of multi-layered cells sheet using reporter gene imaging with human sodium iodide symporter: a preclinical study using a rat model of myocardial infarction.

This study aimed to evaluate a novel technique for cell tracking by visualising the activity of the human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) after transplantation of hNIS-expressing multilayered cell sheets in a rat model of chronic myocardial infarction. Triple-layered cell sheets were generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from mice overexpressing hNIS (hNIS-Tg). Myocardial infarction was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in F344 athymic rats, and a triple-layered MEFs sheets were transplanted to the infarcted area two weeks after surgery. To validate the temporal tracking and kinetic analysis of the transplanted MEFs sheets, sequential cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examinations with a 99mTcO4- injection were performed. The cell sheets generated using MEFs of wild-type mice (WT) served as controls. A significantly higher amount of 99mTcO4- was taken into the hNIS-Tg MEFs than into WT MEFs (146.1 ± 30.9-fold). The obvious accumulation of 99mTcO4- was observed in agreement with the region where hNIS-Tg MEFs were transplanted, and these radioactivities peaked 40-60min after 99mTcO4- administration. The volume of distribution of the hNIS-Tg MEF sheets declined gradually after transplantation, implying cellular malfunction and a loss in the number of transplanted cells. The reporter gene imaging with hNIS enables the serial tracking and quantitative kinetic analysis of cell sheets transplanted to infarcted hearts.

Optimizing Hard Carbon Anodes from Agricultural Biomass for Superior Lithium and Sodium Ion Battery Performance.

Biomass-derived carbon materials are gaining attention for their environmental and economic advantages in waste resource recovery, particularly for their potential as high-energy materials for alkali metal ion storage. However, ensuring the reliability of secondary battery anodes remains a significant hurdle. Here, we report Areca Catechu sheath-inner part derived carbon (referred to as ASIC) as a high-performance anode for both rechargeable Li-ion (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (SIBs). We explore the microstructure and electrochemical performance of ASIC materials synthesized at various pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 700 to 1400 °C. ASIC-9, pyrolyzed at 900 °C, exhibits multilayer stacked sheets with the highest specific surface area, and the least lateral size and stacking height. ASIC-14, pyrolyzed at 1400 °C, demonstrates the most ordered carbon structure with the least defect concentration and the highest stacking height and an increased lateral size. ASIC-9 achieves the highest capacities (676 mAh/g at 0.134 C) and rate performance (94 mAh/g at 13.4 C) for hosting Li+ ions, while ASIC-14 exhibits superior electrochemical performance for hosting Na+ ions, maintaining a high specific capacity after 300 cycles with over 99.5 % Coulombic efficiency. This comprehensive understanding of structure-property relationships paves the way for the practical utilization of biomass-derived carbon in various battery applications.

Photoresponse dependence of WS2/Pt Schottky junction on the features of Pt nanoparticles

In this study, we delve into the photoresponsive characteristics of Schottky junctions fabricated through the deposition of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) onto multilayer WS2 sheets grown via chemical vapor deposition. Our analysis encompasses a comprehensive examination of the junction's morphology, structural attributes, and photophysical behavior. Of particular interest is the intricate relationship between the efficiency of hot electron injection and the specific properties of the Pt NPs, namely their density and size. Our findings reveal that Pt NPs effectively extinguish the photoluminescence of WS2, an outcome attributed to the efficient separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs facilitated by the WS2/Pt Schottky junction. This process, however, does not significantly alter the electronic configuration of WS2. The modulation of exciton radiative decay is shown to be contingent upon the size and density of the Pt NPs, with an average size of 1.27 nm and density of 0.82/nm² yielding the most rapid exciton decay rate of 1.15 ns. This pronounced dependence of exciton dynamics on Pt NPs features can be attributed to the quenching effect exerted by densely packed Pt NPs, which also plays a pivotal role in the injection of hot electrons from Pt to WS2. The enhancement of internal photoemission is evidenced by a pronounced increase in near-infrared photoresponse within the 800–1000 nm range. Furthermore, the optimization of Pt NPs features leads to superior photoresponsive performance in the WS2/Pt Schottky junctions, manifesting as a responsivity of 280 A/W and a detectivity of 7.77 × 1012 Jones at a wavelength of 850 nm. This photoresponse's dependence on Pt NPs features underscores the dual mechanism governing photodetection in the WS2/Pt Schottky junction: a synergistic interplay between hot electron injection and the separation of photo-excited electron-hole pairs.

Evaluating the Impact of Sonication Process on Graphene Oxide Structural Properties

Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the members of carbon-based nanomaterials and can be featured as graphene structure decorated with various oxygenated functional groups. Recently, various methods have been found for producing carbon-based nanomaterials with enhanced efficiency in several applications. The chemical process involves oxidizing graphite to GO using a powerful oxidizing chemical. Hummers method is one of the most known and versatile method for the production of GO nanomaterials because of its ease of application, parameter controllability and high yield. This process enables graphite oxidation and exfoliation into single- or multi-layered GO sheets. Exfoliation, the separation of graphene or graphitic layers, is a critical process in GO synthesis. Since exfoliation separates multilayered graphite oxide flakes or particles, it forms single layer GO by forcing oxidizing agents or solvent molecules between layers. The sonication process can exfoliate the oxidized layers, resulting in the formation of GO structure when the exfoliated layers consist of only one or a few layers of carbon atoms. Therefore, sonication procedure is among the key parameters of Hummers method that influences the characteristics of GO-based nanomaterials. In this study, the impact of sonication duration time and power parameters on morphological and structural characteristics of GO development was examined. For this purpose, characterization studies were performed by using Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The findings revealed that the increase in sonication power and time led to an increase in defects in the resulting GO structure.

Investigating the optoelectronic characteristics of multilayer C and BN corographene using density functional theory

This study investigates the structural, optical, and electronic properties of multilayer carbon (C) and boron nitride (BN) corographene structures using first-principles calculations. The results confirm that these sheets, kept together through van der Waals forces, are energetically favorable and thermally stable. Mono-, bi-, and tri-layer C corographene sheets display semiconducting behavior, while the multilayer BN corographene sheets are insulators. Controlling the band gap can be achieved by increasing the number of layers. The optical characteristics of the sheets are anisotropic when applying electric fields polarized perpendicular or parallel to the sheets. They exhibit a high constant of static dielectric, as well as optical absorption with optical conductivity that increases according to the increase in the number of layers. The reflection and transmission constants showed that multilayer C and BN corographene sheets exhibit transparency, especially in the high-energy range. These findings suggest promising capabilities of C and BN corographene sheets for use in optoelectronic devices.

Origami of multi-layered spaced sheets

Two-dimensional (2D) origami tessellations such as the Miura-ori are often generalized to build three-dimensional (3D) architected materials with sandwich or cellular structures. However, such 3D blocks are densely packed with continuity of the internal material, while for many engineering structures with multi-physical functionality, it is necessary to have thin sheets that are separately spaced and sparsely connected. This work presents a framework for the design and analysis of multi-layered spaced origami, which provides an origami solution for 3D structures where multiple flat sheets are intentionally spaced apart. We connect Miura-ori sheets with sparsely installed thin-sheet parallelogram-like linkages. To explore how this connectivity approach affects the behavior of the origami system, we model the rigid-folding kinematics using analytic trigonometry and rigid-body transformations, and we characterize the elastic-folding mechanics by generalizing a reduced order bar and hinge model for these 3D assemblies. The orientation of the linkages in the multi-layered spaced origami determines which of three folding paths the system will follow including a flat foldable type, a self-locking type, and a double-branch type. When the origami is flat foldable, a maximized packing ratio and a uniform in-plane shear stiffness can be achieved by strategically choosing the link orientation. We show possible applications by demonstrating how the multi-layered spaced origami can be used to build deployable acoustic cloaks and heat shields.

Cell spray printing combined with Lycium barbarum glycopeptide promotes repair of corneal epithelial injury

The corneal epithelium, located as the outermost layer of the cornea, is inherently susceptible to injuries that may lead to corneal opacities and compromise visual acuity. Rapid restoration of corneal epithelial injury is crucial for maintaining the transparency and integrity of the cornea. Cell spray treatment emerges as an innovative and effective approach in the field of regenerative medicine. In our study, a cell spray printing platform was established, and the optimal printing parameters were determined to be a printing air pressure of 5 PSI (34.47 kPa) and a liquid flow rate of 30 ml/h. Under these conditions, the viability and phenotype of spray-printed corneal epithelial cells were preserved. Moreover, Lycium barbarum glycopeptide (LBGP), a glycoprotein purified from wolfberry, enhanced proliferation while simultaneously inhibiting apoptosis of the spray-printed corneal epithelial cells. We found that the combination of cell spray printing and LBGP facilitated the rapid construction of multilayered cell sheets on flat and curved collagen membranes in vitro. Furthermore, the combined cell spray printing and LBGP accelerated the recovery of the rat corneal epithelium in the mechanical injury model. Our findings offer a therapeutic avenue for addressing corneal epithelial injuries and regeneration.

Effect of brazing and artificial aging on the corrosion and strengthening behavior of a quad-layer Al alloy composite

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influence mechanism of brazing and aging on the strengthening and corrosion behavior of novel multilayer sheets (AA4045/AA7072/AA3003M/AA4045).Design/methodology/approachPolarization curve tests, immersion experiments and transmission electron microscopy analysis were used to study the corrosion behavior and tensile properties of the sheets before and after brazing and aging.FindingsThe strength of the sheet is weakened after brazing due to brittle eutectic phases, and recovered after aging due to enhanced precipitation strengthening in the AA7072 interlayer. The core of nonbrazed sheets cannot be protected due to the significant galvanic coupling effect between the intermetallic particles and the substrate. Brazing and aging treatments promote the redissolved of second phased and limit corrosion along the eutectic region in the clad, allowing the core to be protected.Originality/valueAA7xxx alloy was added to conventional brazed sheets to form a novel Al alloy composite sheet with AA4xxx/AA7xxx/AA3xxx structure. The strengthening and corrosion mechanism of the sheet was proposed. The added interlayer can sacrificially protect the core from corrosion and improves strength after aging treatment.

Effect of Geometry and Size of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Deck Profile on Behavior of Bridges

Due to the important role that bridges play in rescue operations after an earthquake, it is necessary that these structures have a higher level of protection against seismic attacks. Earthquake identifies the weak points of the structure and causes the most damage there. Bridges are very vulnerable to these attacks due to their low degree of uncertainty. All bridges built before 1971 were designed with the elastic design method (permissible stress). In this method, the effects of plasticity, section cracking, and plastic deformation are not taken into account. The change of seismic locations based on the principles of elastic design is much less. It is because the structure experiences in a real earthquake, one of the consequences of which is the falling of the decks due to the loss of the support surface. The decision to strengthen the bridge was made when there were many bending and shear cracks on the king beams. The bridge was created. The use of FRP profiles can significantly prevent the damage caused by corrosion and is a good alternative to the traditional methods of strengthening the structure. In this study, a design for the deck of a steel bridge with I beams is presented. The shape of reinforcement using FRP fibers with vinyl ester resins has also been investigated, the effect of the geometry of FRP profiles has been investigated. The presented specifications are optimized to obtain a lasting shape and section, especially for the pultrusion process. FRP materials are light, resistant to corrosion and have high tensile strength. These materials come in different forms and range from multi-layer factory sheets to dry sheets that can be twisted on various structural forms before adding resin, is available. The durability and high tensile strength of FRP materials are among the advantages of these materials. The durability and long-term performance of FRP requires more research, which is ongoing and continues.

Effect of material composition and thickness of orthodontic aligners on the transmission and distribution of forces: an in vitro study.

To investigate the effects of material type and thickness on force generation and distribution by aligners. Sixty aligners were divided into six groups (n = 10): one group with a thickness of 0.89mm using Zendura Viva (Multi-layer), four groups with a thickness of 0.75mm using Zendura FLX (Multi-layer), CA Pro (Multi-layer), Zendura (Single-layer), and Duran (Single-layer) sheets, and one group with a thickness of 0.50mm using Duran sheets. Force measurements were conducted using Fuji® pressure-sensitive films. The lowest force values, both active and passive, were recorded for the multi-layered sheets: CA Pro (83.1N, 50.5N), Zendura FLX (88.9N, 60.7N), and Zendura Viva (92.5N, 68.5N). Conversely, the highest values were recorded for the single-layered sheets: Duran (131.9N, 71.8N) and Zendura (149.7N, 89.8N). The highest force was recorded at the middle third of the aligner, followed by the incisal third, and then the cervical third. The net force between the incisal and cervical thirds (FI-FC) showed insignificant difference across different materials. However, when comparing the incisal and middle thirds, the net force (FI-FM) was higher with single-layered materials. Both overall force and net force (FI-FM) were significantly higher with 0.75mm compared to those with a thickness of 0.50mm. Multi-layered aligner materials exert lower forces compared to their single-layered counterparts. Additionally, increased thickness in aligners results in enhanced retention and greater force generation. For effective bodily tooth movement, thicker and single-layered rigid materials are preferred. This research provides valuable insights into the biomechanics of orthodontic aligners, which could have significant clinical implications for orthodontists. Orthodontists might use this information to more effectively tailor aligner treatments, considering the specific tooth movement required for each individual patient. In light of these findings, an exchangeable protocol for aligner treatment is suggested, which however needs to be proven clinically. This protocol proposes alternating between multi-layered and single-layered materials within the same treatment phase. This strategy is suggested to optimize treatment outcomes, particularly when planning for a bodily tooth movement.

Shape Programmable and Multifunctional Soft Textile Muscles for Wearable and Soft Robotics

Textiles are promising candidates for use in soft robots and wearable devices due to their inherent compliance, high versatility, and skin comfort. Planar fluidic textile‐based actuators exhibit low profile and high conformability, and can seamlessly integrate additional components (e.g., soft sensors or variable stiffness structures [VSSs]) to create advanced, multifunctional smart textile actuators. In this article, a new class of programmable, fluidic soft textile muscles (STMs) that incorporate multilayered silicone sheets with embedded fluidic channels is introduced. The STMs are scalable and fabricated by apparel engineering techniques, offering a fabrication approach able to create large‐scaled multilayered structures that can be challenging for current microfluidic bonding methods. They are also highly automation compatible due to no manual insertion of elastic tubes/bladders into textile structures. Liquid metal is employed for creating fluidic channels. It is not only used for actuation but also used as channels for additional features such as soft piezoresistive sensors with enhanced sensitivity to STMs’ pressure‐induced elongation, or VSSs of either low‐melting‐point alloys or a new thermo‐responsive epoxy with low viscosity and transition temperature. The STMs hold promising prospects for soft robotic and wearable applications, which is demonstrated by an example of a textile‐based wearable 3D skin‐stretch haptic interface.

Enhanced degradation of tetracycline by TiO2@MXene with peroxydisulfate under visible light irradiation

Photocatalysis and peroxydisulfate (PS) based advanced oxidation techniques are promising technologies in the field of water treatment that can be used to destroy increasingly persistent organic contaminants. The current work used a simple hydrothermal approach to synthesize a catalyst made of composites of TiO2 nanospheres and multi-layer Ti3C2Tx sheets (TiO2@MXene). Tetracycline (TC) was then effectively degraded by the TiO2@MXene material integrated with PS activation (300 mg/L). Under simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G, P = 2.8 W) irradiation, the combination method dramatically increases TC degradation. Following a 30-min treatment with 300 mg/L TiO2@MXene (wt.10 %), the optimal efficiency can reach 100 %. As the reactive functional species, holes (h+), SO4-•, •OH, and •O2− dominate the catalytic process. Furthermore, investigation was conducted into significant factors such as catalyst dosage, PS dosage, common anions, and TiO2 loading dosage. The TiO2@MXene material was demonstrated to be a feasible and sustainable strategy worth taking into consideration in the mitigation of emerging water contaminants due to its ease of recovery, stability of surface properties, and recyclability. Furthermore, the proposed degradation mechanism further demonstrated the viability of TiO2@MXene with PS in TC degradation. This, this study provides insights into the design of effective photocatalyst coupling PS activation for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants.

Self‐Assembled 2D Sheets of an Amphiphilic Sexiphenyl Exhibit Intense Polarized Blue Emission in the Solid State

AbstractDistinct from inorganic 2D nanomaterials (e.g., graphene, MoS2, etc,), self‐assembled organic 2D materials are significant due to the unique advantages of fine structure tunability and functionality. Electronically and photofunctionally‐active compounds (e.g., pentacene, p‐sexiphenyl) are highly attractive for applications but are limited by difficult handling and the existence of only a few native structures of the compounds. Here, it is shown that a p‐sexiphenyl derivative incorporated into 2D multilamellar sheets with chromophores oriented in the layers exhibits a significant polarization of photoluminescence. Highly emissive, amphiphilic sexiphenyl with hydrophilic/hydrophobic groups self‐assembles at air–water interface with chromophore orientation in the resulting films being controlled by monolayer compression. Large‐area multilamellar structures with p‐sexiphenyl chromophores highly oriented against the 2D plane are prepared by consecutive film transfers. The 2D sheets exhibit significant polarization of photoluminescence with polarization ratio 0.8 between orthogonal in‐plane axes. Notably, multilamellar structures cannot be established for the same p‐sexiphenyl using thermotropic processing thus emphasizing the importance of the 2D sheet multilayer synthesis process. Amphiphile design can be applied for the tailored synthesis of large‐area multilayered 2D sheets and used to construct highly efficient light‐emitting devices.

In-situ investigation of the decomposition process in cold-rolled Nb53Ti47 alloy

The multi-layer composite development primarily aims to develop and test the components of the next generation of hadron colliders (e.g., Large Hadron Collider - LHC) consisting of superconducting raw materials. Multilayer sheet is very similar to the commonly used NbTi wire products, a 2D version of the commercial wire. These composites consist of layers such as NbTi superconductor, Nb diffusion barrier (between NbTi and Cu) and Cu stabilizer. In β-NbTi superconducting alloys, α-Ti precipitates are primary flux pinning centers that maintain stable superconductivity. A multi-step series of heat treatments and cold-forming processes can develop the flux pinning centers. Practically, this process means three heat treatments of constant period and temperature and drawing or rolling between the heat treatments.The study aimed to describe the behavior of the cold-rolled (ε = 3.35) Nb53Ti47w% alloys during isothermal heating at 673 K as a function of heating time. The processes during the aging were investigated by the in-situ XRD method in the heating chamber. The X-ray diffraction patterns were evaluated by Rietveld refinement. The thermally activated spinodal decomposition and precipitation processes were described based on the phases identified at the individual heat treatment steps and their lattice parameters. The in-situ study also revealed an increase in α-Ti precipitation with time and decomposition that co-occurs. This is the basic study that prepares the applicability of the alloy.

Synthesis of Hydrofluoric (HF) Acid Free, Two-Dimensional (2D) Tantalum Carbide MXene Nanosheets and Quantum Dots.

MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) transition metal-based carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides that are synthesized from its precursor MAX phase. The selective etching of the "A" from the MAX phase yields multi-functional MXenes that hold promise in a wide range of energy-based applications and biomedical applications. Based on its intended application, MXenes are prepared as multilayered sheets, monolayer flakes, and quantum dots. Conventionally, MXenes are prepared using hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching; however, the use of HF impedes its effective use in biomedical applications. This calls for the use of nontoxic HF-free synthesis protocols to prepare MXenes safe for biological use. Therefore, we have discussed a facile process to synthesize biocompatible, HF-free MXene nanosheets and quantum dots.

Cell Sheet Engineering in Periodontology: A Review

Cell sheet engineering has developed its own place for the regeneration of tissues. It focuses on phenomena occurring at the cellular level, whereas regenerative medicine and tissue engineering aim to create or stimulate new tissue for the treatment of disease. In medicine and dentistry, tissue engineering, cell-based therapies, and regenerative medicine have been progressing rapidly for regeneration procedures. It has emerged as a promising strategy for scaffold-free cell-based regenerative medicine therapy by means of transplantable single or multi-layered cell-dense sheets to achieve tissue repair and regeneration. Cell sheet engineering could be one of the procedures for regeneration of periodontal tissues, which can yield better results. In this review, the authors will highlight the principal techniques of cell sheet engineering and its application in tissue regeneration in periodontal therapy.

Effect of the individual layer thickness and relative blanking clearance on micro-blanking for Cu/Nb multilayer composite sheets

In this study, two types of Cu/Nb multilayer composite sheets with individual layer thicknesses of 11.11 μm and 0.35 μm, respectively, were first prepared and then tested by micro-blanking. The results show that the sheets of 0.35 μm exhibit higher ultimate tensile and shear strengths, and greater elongation, compared to those with an individual layer thickness of 11.11 μm. The sheet with an individual layer thickness of 11.11 μm achieves optimal blanking accuracy at a relative blanking clearance of 7%. Additionally, when the relative blanking clearance is 3%, it exhibits a significant proportion of smooth areas on the shear surface. Investigation of the shear surface at different ratios of punch stroke to sheet thickness (h/t) reveals that the Cu/Nb multilayer composite sheet experiences significant extrusion and bending during the micro-blanking process. Furthermore, the laminated structure exhibits remarkable continuity and deformation mobility, delaying crack formation. This study provides theoretical support for the plastic micro-blanking technology of multilayer composite.

Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Delamination of Ti3C2Tx MXenes: A New Approach to Produce Magnetic MXene-Based Composites.

Ti3C2Tx MXene is one of the most comprehensively studied 2D materials in terms of its adsorptive, transport, and catalytic properties, cytotoxic performance, etc. Still, conventional MXene synthesis approaches provide low single-flake MXene yield and frequently uncontrollable properties, demanding further post-processing. The MXene family also lacks magnetism, which is helpful for producing effective nanoadsorbents as their magnetic decantation is the cheapest and most convenient way to remove the spent adsorbent from water. Composite materials consisting of magnetic nanoparticles grown on top of MXene flakes are commonly used to provide magnetic properties to the resulting nanocomposite. In this paper, we study the possibility to delaminate multilayer Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets directly by growing iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles inside their interlayer spacing. We find out that, with a mass fraction of particles comparable or exceeding that of MXenes, their growth is accompanied by an effective enhancement of single-layer MXene yield and suitable magnetic properties of the resulting composite. The developed approach can be further used for simplifying synthesis protocols to obtain magnetic MXene-based nanoadsorbents with tunable properties.

The low‐cost inhomogeneous multi‐section flat lens antenna with minimum F over D design in Ku‐band

AbstractThis article uses the ray inserting method to design a low‐cost inhomogeneous lens in the Ku‐band. The focal length to the diametre ratio of the designed lens is 0.45, which is lower than most designed lenses in this area. Also, no approximation is considered to yield the refractive index profile. The refractive index changes from the centre to the sides have been made in two sections to limit the maximum calculated refractive index of the structure to the Plexiglass refractive index. The designed lens proposed a good match to the source and surroundings. The theoretical design is validated by the finite difference time domain scheme and full‐wave simulation. The lens structure is realised and fabricated on a multilayer Plexiglass sheet. The results of simulations and experiments indicate good performances of the designed lens in the wide frequency bandwidth.