Multigenerational Housing Research Articles

Alternative forms of housing for longevity based on case studies of multigenerational houses in Poland

The subject of the article is a case study analysis of three experimental projects of multigenerational houses that emerged after 2019 in Polish cities. The author hypothesizes that multigenerational houses represent an alternative form of housing to nursing homes, creating an environment that supports the health and independence of residents of different ages for as long as possible. The purpose of the research conducted is to answer the question of what components of the support system for the elderly are important in the choice and intentional transition to alternative living arrangements and how this relates to multigenerational homes in the cases studied. The research in this article consists of four phases. The first phase examined the institutional and informal approach to organizing care for the elderly in Poland and outlined the components of the support system for the elderly that are necessary for the choice and conscious transition to alternative forms of housing in the aging process. In the second phase, the experience with the governmental program "Multigenerational House" in Germany was analyzed and a multigenerational house was defined. In the third phase, the case study method was used to examine the experience of multigenerational houses built and functioning in Polish cities in recent years: Multigenerational House in Łódź (2019), Multigenerational Housing in Warsaw (2019-2021), Multigenerational House in Wrocław (2020). In the fourth phase, based on the literature review and the analysis of functioning multigenerational houses, a comparative analysis was made and conclusions for further research were drawn.

AN EXPLORATION OF PASIFIKA MULTIGENERATIONAL SOCIAL HOUSING

This research explores Pasifika multigenerational social housing, defined as the cohabitation of three or more generations. With nearly a quarter of the Pasifika population residing in such extended family situations, the study aims to scrutinize whether the current social housing infrastructure adequately meets their needs. The research, which employed a case study approach, focused on a Pasifika Community Housing provider working predominantly with Pasifika as a cohort and operating large numbers of social housing properties across Auckland. Document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders were the main data collection methods. The results suggest a significant misalignment between existing multigenerational housing structures and the actual needs of the Pasifika community. The interview data indicates that the current housing framework falls short of meeting the unique requirements of Pasifika households, hence necessitating a redesign of multigenerational housing to align with the diverse lifestyles and preferences of its occupants. The study highlights the inadequacy of a ‘one size fits all’ approach, emphasizing the need for tailor-made designs reflective of the communities residing in multigenerational housing. In conclusion, policymakers should consider a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach to the design and implementation of Pasifika multigenerational housing solutions in New Zealand.

AN EXPLORATION OF PASIFIKA MULTIGENERATIONAL SOCIAL HOUSING

This research explores Pasifika multigenerational social housing, defined as the cohabitation of three or more generations. With nearly a quarter of the Pasifika population residing in such extended family situations, the study aims to scrutinize whether the current social housing infrastructure adequately meets their needs. The research, which employed a case study approach, focused on a Pasifika Community Housing provider working predominantly with Pasifika as a cohort and operating large numbers of social housing properties across Auckland. Document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders were the main data collection methods. The results suggest a significant misalignment between existing multigenerational housing structures and the actual needs of the Pasifika community. The interview data indicates that the current housing framework falls short of meeting the unique requirements of Pasifika households, hence necessitating a redesign of multigenerational housing to align with the diverse lifestyles and preferences of its occupants. The study highlights the inadequacy of a ‘one size fits all’ approach, emphasizing the need for tailor-made designs reflective of the communities residing in multigenerational housing. In conclusion, policymakers should consider a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach to the design and implementation of Pasifika multigenerational housing solutions in New Zealand.

COVID-19 and Discrimination Experiences in the Marshallese Communities of Springdale, Arkansas

This research uses a “migration with dignity” framework to look at the twin impacts of COVID-19 and discrimination on the Marshallese community in Springdale, Arkansas. Specifically, it focuses on the ways in which rights to non-discrimination, to basic quality of life, and to access services, especially healthcare, have not been adequately upheld. As the research was conducted in partnership with the Arkansas Coalition of Marshallese (ACOM), the paper also aims to examine some of the community-based work that has been addressing these issues. The research, based on interviews and desk research, found that almost all Marshallese community members interviewed expressed that they had not felt safe from COVID-19 and it had significantly impacted their lives. Many expressed that existing issues with limited access to healthcare or perceived discrimination in the healthcare system had been exacerbated by COVID-19. In particular, factors such as lack of translation of unemployment and COVID-19 documents into the Marshallese language, lack of paid sick leave, and multigenerational housing, all exacerbated the effects of the pandemic on Marshallese community members. General racial or cultural discrimination was an issue expressed by about half of the respondents, who shared varying stories of discrimination occurring in workplace and school settings, but almost none expressed fear over personal safety in Springdale. Community organizations and structures, specifically health clinics, community vaccine drives, and a community food pantry, were all mentioned as ways that the Marshallese community upheld rights to non-discrimination, basic quality of life, and right to access services.

Association between city-wide lockdown and COVID-19 hospitalization rates in multigenerational households in New York City.

BackgroundCity-wide lockdowns and school closures have demonstrably impacted COVID-19 transmission. However, simulation studies have suggested an increased risk of COVID-19 related morbidity for older individuals inoculated by house-bound children. This study examines whether the March 2020 lockdown in New York City (NYC) was associated with higher COVID-19 hospitalization rates in neighborhoods with larger proportions of multigenerational households.MethodsWe obtained daily age-segmented COVID-19 hospitalization counts in each of 166 ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in NYC. Using Bayesian Poisson regression models that account for spatiotemporal dependencies between ZCTAs, as well as socioeconomic risk factors, we conducted a difference-in-differences study amongst ZCTA-level hospitalization rates from February 23 to May 2, 2020. We compared ZCTAs in the lowest quartile of multigenerational housing to other quartiles before and after the lockdown.FindingsAmong individuals over 55 years, the lockdown was associated with higher COVID-19 hospitalization rates in ZCTAs with more multigenerational households. The greatest difference occurred three weeks after lockdown: Q2 vs. Q1: 54% increase (95% Bayesian credible intervals: 22–96%); Q3 vs. Q1: 48% (17–89%); Q4 vs. Q1: 66% (30–211%). After accounting for pandemic-related population shifts, a significant difference was observed only in Q4 ZCTAs: 37% (7–76%).InterpretationBy increasing house-bound mixing across older and younger age groups, city-wide lockdown mandates imposed during the growth of COVID-19 cases may have inadvertently, but transiently, contributed to increased transmission in multigenerational households.

Association between overcrowded households, multigenerational households, and COVID-19: a cohort study

ObjectivesThe role of overcrowded and multigenerational households as a risk factor for COVID-19 remains unmeasured. The objective of this study is to examine and quantify the association between overcrowded and multigenerational households and COVID-19 in New York City (NYC). Study designCohort study. MethodsWe conducted a Bayesian ecological time series analysis at the ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level in NYC to assess whether ZCTAs with higher proportions of overcrowded (defined as the proportion of the estimated number of housing units with more than one occupant per room) and multigenerational households (defined as the estimated percentage of residences occupied by a grandparent and a grandchild less than 18 years of age) were independently associated with higher suspected COVID-19 case rates (from NYC Department of Health Syndromic Surveillance data for March 1 to 30, 2020). Our main measure was an adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of suspected COVID-19 cases per 10,000 population. Our final model controlled for ZCTA-level sociodemographic factors (median income, poverty status, White race, essential workers), the prevalence of clinical conditions related to COVID-19 severity (obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, asthma, smoking status, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), and spatial clustering. Results39,923 suspected COVID-19 cases were presented to emergency departments across 173 ZCTAs in NYC. Adjusted COVID-19 case rates increased by 67% (IRR 1.67, 95% CI = 1.12, 2.52) in ZCTAs in quartile four (versus one) for percent overcrowdedness and increased by 77% (IRR 1.77, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.79) in quartile four (versus one) for percent living in multigenerational housing. Interaction between both exposures was not significant (βinteraction = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99–1.00). ConclusionsOvercrowdedness and multigenerational housing are independent risk factors for suspected COVID-19. In the early phase of the surge in COVID cases, social distancing measures that increase house-bound populations may inadvertently but temporarily increase SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk and COVID-19 disease in these populations.

Mask Up: Academic-Community-Government Partnerships to Advance Public Health During COVID-19.

Mask Up: Academic-Community-Government Partnerships to Advance Public Health During COVID-19.

Grandparents and the transmission of the faith and Christian lifestyle

In the past the multigenerational housing was a necessity due to economic reasons. Young families were only gradually acquiring the means enabling them to become independent of their parents. Overall economic growth and progressive urbanisation have made it possible for young families to gain their independence much more quickly. However, from the perspective of the transmission of faith and Christian lifestyle, this development has broken the natural intergenerational continuity. Young families are often unable to transform the way they live their faith into an adequate lifestyle which used to be transmitted from generation to generation as a matter of course. The surveys on religiosity in Slovakia show the positive influence of grandparents on the transmission of faith. The most important persons in this area are mothers and grandmothers, while fathers and grandfathers' typical feature is their long-term nonparticipation in this process. Recently, we can observe a trend towards the renewal of multigenerational housing with a larger living area linking the autonomy of a nuclear family with its proximity to grandparents. Provided that both sides comply with mutually agreed rules regulating their coexistence and the use of common areas, such housing can be enriching for each of them.

My home, my castle: meanings of home ownership in multigenerational housing

Multigenerational housing is an arena of negotiation of familial, intergenerational, and interpersonal relationships. This article analyses these relations while focusing on the issue of home ownership. Drawing upon interviews with three generations living under the same roof, the article aims to understand the meanings of ownership and the ways ownership shapes the relationships between cohabiting family members. We show that ownership plays an ambivalent role: on the one hand it may act to legitimise and (re)produce uneven power relations between family members, while on the other it mirrors or even supports mutual dependency and altruistic intergenerational and caring relations. To illuminate these issues, we structure our debate around three key topics: 1. ownership and the legitimisation of a dominant position, 2. ownership as a burden and a source of (in)security and interdependence, and 3. ownership as a commitment to care for the former owners. We interpret these aspects in the context of particular family genealogies and their housing histories.

Juntos en la pandemia de COVID-19 (together in the COVID-19 pandemic): health-care professionals and the Latinx community

Juntos en la pandemia de COVID-19 (together in the COVID-19 pandemic): health-care professionals and the Latinx community

Elderly African Americans: The vulnerable of the vulnerable in the COVID-19 era.

Elderly African Americans: The vulnerable of the vulnerable in the COVID-19 era.

Research on interaction between residents in the community focused on multi-generational housing development

Research on interaction between residents in the community focused on multi-generational housing development

Analysis on the Governance Mechanism of the Multigenerational Housing Communities from the Perspective of Actor Network: A Case Study of Ledo Multigenerational Housing in Cologne, Germany

Analysis on the Governance Mechanism of the Multigenerational Housing Communities from the Perspective of Actor Network: A Case Study of Ledo Multigenerational Housing in Cologne, Germany

DOMY MIĘDZYPOKOLENIOWE ODPOWIEDZIĄ NA STARZENIE SIĘ SPOŁECZEŃSTWA W XXI WIEKU

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy problematyki domów międzypokoleniowych, jako formy zamieszkania na miarę XXI wieku, odpowiadającej na współczesne wyzwania związane ze starzeniem się społeczeństwa oraz zróżnicowanymi sposobami i wzorami życia rodzinnego. Autorka opisuje ewolucję domu wielopokoleniowego w perspektywie kiedyś i dziś, a także poszukuje rozwiązań przestrzennych odpowiadającyh na nowe trendy i tendencje oraz potrzeby zróżnicowanego społeczeństwa. W artykule opisano problematykę domu międzypokoleniowego w odniesieniu do działań polityki miejskiej tj. niemiecka inicjatywa opracowania rządowego programu „Mehrgenerationenhaus“, ale także struktury urbanistycznej i architektonicznej na przykładzie domu międzypokoleniowego „Generationenhaus Heslach“ w Stuttgarcie. Efektem badań są wnioski o charakterze społecznym, ekonomicznym i przestrzennym, a także odniesienie wyników do sytuacji w Polsce.

Zoning, Accessory Dwelling Units, and Family Caregiving

This article explores the relationship between zoning regulations and co-residential family caregiving in the United States. It first provides an overview of U.S. housing policies, especially zoning. We then describe major changes in family structure and composition in the United States with their implications for caregiving and discuss how multigenerational housing options, particularly accessory dwelling units (ADUs) in single-family homes, can help support family caregiving. After an overview of zoning policies and actions that inhibit ADU production, we document current trends, incorporating information from a small non-random study of ADU activity we conducted in 2004. Finally, we present recommendations for promoting more multigenerational housing as a supplement to other family support programs (e.g., dependent care assistance, family caregiver payments) and as a source of affordable, supportive housing for those families choosing co-residence as their eldercare solution.

祖父母との思い出空間に着目した多世代住宅に関する研究

This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of grandchild's memories of grandparents in a multi-generational house. We corrected 184 memories from 13 persons who had been grown up in an extended family in Tokyo metropolitan area, and their house plans and found that many people remember activities with grandparents in the context of being taught by grandparents, given some goods and worked together with in a grandparents' room. It is shown that a person who has many memories had been taken cared by their grandparents in the garden and the kitchen. Finally, we have derived the characteristics of activities and spaces with several goods special to grandchildren.