Multifunctional Equipment Research Articles

Studies on structural, dielectric, electrical, and ferroelectric properties of the polycrystalline: Sr3Bi2WO9

Today, great emphasis is placed on the creation of lead-free compounds that may be used in multi-functional equipment. This report describes the synthesis (through the solid-state technique) and physical characteristics (structural, electrical, and ferroelectric) of a polycrystalline Sr3Bi2WO9 compound (SBWO). A monoclinic crystal structure with cell parameters; a = 9.0285 Å, b = 16.6457 Å, c = 5.6787 Å with β = 93.13° is studied by analysis of X-ray diffraction method (crystallite size 100.77 nm). The purity, morphology, and elementary composition of elements were studied by SEM (grain size 0.582 μm) and EDX. The temperature-frequency variation of ε r, tan δ, and σ ac were investigated. The drop in grain resistance value with increasing temperature demonstrates the NTCR property of the compound. It has been reported that the conduction process of the compound is based on a study of the modulus spectrum. SBWO is a possible choice for devices because it exhibits outstanding temperature-independent ε r characteristics and reduced tanδ. Ferroelectric properties of the material (E c=0.2655 kV/cm, P r=0.00454 μC/cm2, E max=2.478 kV/cm, and P max=0.0367 μC/cm2) shown by the electric field-dependent polarization at 25 °C.

Improvement of multifunctional technological machines when creating a geoinformation system

When creating methods and algorithms for analyzing transport characteristics and road transport infrastructure, it is necessary to develop new technologies that determine the improvement of the quality of the road fund of the Belgorod region.Improving the quality of the road fund directly depends on the organization of road construction and subsequent maintenance of highways. Road services and enterprises operating multifunctional equipment, in the conditions of digital transformation, are trying to introduce new technologies for the production of works that reduce the cycle time of the technological operation. One of such solutions is the use of quick-release connecting devices for multifunctional equipment. That allows you to reduce the amount of equipment used at the sites of road works.A refined method of static calculation of the stability assessment of a single-bucket excavator with the inclusion of a quick-release connecting device in the design of the working equipment is presented.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON HARVESTING SPECIES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS GROWN ON SMALL AREAS

The operation of harvesting medicinal plants is one of the important factors, which influences the quality of plant material and thus its value. In order to optimize the cultivation technologies and to adapt them to the local conditions, INMA Bucharest has developed and tested a multifunctional equipment for the mechanized harvesting of medicinal plants (annual and perennial), cultivated on small and medium areas. This equipment, of small capacity, equipped with interchangeable working parts, performs the harvesting operation by cutting, at a certain height from the ground. The paper presents the results obtained when testing the experimental model of Multifunctional equipment for harvesting medicinal and aromatic plants in the crops of three species of medicinal plants, grown on small areas. Determining for each crop some qualitative working indices (average working height, cutting degree, collecting degree, losses, etc.) as well as some energy indices (working speed, hourly fuel consumption, working capacity, etc.) allows the evaluation of the technical and working performances of the Multifunctional equipment for harvesting medicinal and aromatic plants.

Modernization of the technological communication network at railway transport facilities using PON technology

The existing telecommunication network the construction principle of which is nowadays based on active equipment that is required to be serviced due to its outmoded technology was considered. The modernization measures of telecommunication network at large freight terminals with the use of PON technologies which allow to complete properly and on time freigh handling, receipt of cargo, dispatch of cargo, making up and breaking down of cargo trains, shunting works were provided. It was decribed the stucture of PON technology which includes one OLT optical line terminal per network, a set of nodes of ONT subscribers connected to OLT by means of splittera over one fibre. OLT allocates time for information broadcasting to avoid the overlap of outgoing signals, to improve communication quality, noise immunity from ONT subcribers. Modernization of telecommunication network suppose the replacement of existing electrical cables laid in the cable channels on the fiber optic. Located at the station equipment and ATS Definity SI in the line-switching room will be removed. There will be a new small-size multifunctional equipment which allow to connect a large number of subscribers providing a broad range of service. Properly selected type of optical cable will allow to achieve a long duration of use of a new technological network with further development prospects, to use it only for organizing work at a large freight railway station.

Full-duplex visible light communication system using a single channel.

Multiple quantum well (MQW) III-nitride diodes can emit light and detect light at the same time. In particular, given the overlapping region between the emission spectrum and the detection spectrum, the III-nitride diode can absorb photons of shorter wavelengths generated from another III-nitride diode with the same MQW structure. In this study, a wireless visible light communication system was established using two pairs of identical III-nitride diodes with different wavelengths. In this system, two green light diode chips were used to transmit and receive green light signals on both sides. We have integrated two blue light chips with optical filtering in the middle of the optical link to carry out blue light communication, with one end transmitting and one end receiving. Simultaneously, green light was allowed to pass through two blue light chips for optical communication. Combined with a distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) coating, we proposed using four chips in one optical path to carry out optical communication between chips with the same wavelength and used the coating principle to gate the optical wavelength to filter the clutter of green light chips on both sides to make the channel purer and the symbols easier to demodulate. Based on this multifunctional equipment, advanced single-optical path, III-nitride, full-duplex optical communication links can be developed for the deployment of the Internet of Things.

Tunable mid-infrared selective emitter based on inverse design metasurface for infrared stealth with thermal management.

Infrared (IR) stealth with thermal management is highly desirable in military applications and astronomy. However, developing selective IR emitters with properties suitable for IR stealth and thermal management is challenging. In this study, we present the theoretical framework for a selective emitter based on an inverse-designed metasurface for IR stealth with thermal management. The emitter comprises an inverse-designed gold grating, a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) dielectric layer, and a gold reflective layer. The hat-like function, which describes an ideal thermal selective emitter, is involved in the inverse design algorithm. The emitter exhibits high performance in IR stealth with thermal management, with the low emissivity (ɛ3-5 µm =0.17; ɛ8-14 µm =0.16) for dual-band atmospheric transmission windows and high emissivity (ɛ5-8 µm =0.85) for non-atmospheric windows. Moreover, the proposed selective emitter can realize tunable control of thermal radiation in the wavelength range of 3-14 µm by changing the crystallization fraction of GST. In addition, the polarization-insensitive structure supports strong selective emission at large angles (60°). Thus, the selective emitter has potential for IR stealth, thermal imaging, and mid-infrared multifunctional equipment.

Light-Driven Spintronic Heterostructures for Coded Terahertz Emission

The extraordinary proliferation of digital coding metasurfaces turns the real-time manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves into reality and promotes the programmable operation of multifunctional equipment. However, current studies are mainly involved in the modulation of the transmission process, and little attention has been given to the control of EM wave generation, especially in the terahertz (THz) band. Here, we conceptually propose and experimentally demonstrate coded terahertz emission, which integrates the efficient generation and control of THz waves across a wide frequency band. For validation, two types of stripe-patterned ferromagnetic heterostructures with opposite spin Hall angles were utilized as coding units. The two distinct states in each coding unit (with two polarization or phase states of 0° and 180°) can be characterized as "0" and "1" digits, which can be switched by manipulating the optical field distribution of the pump beam. Such an ability to realize simultaneous terahertz coding and terahertz emission is essential for meeting the increasingly demanding requirements of integration and miniaturization. Our work endows ferromagnetic heterostructures with controllable spatial characteristics and benefits their applications in wireless communications and holographic imaging.

Multifunctional Equipment for Low-temperature Separation of Food Solutions Based on The Effect of “Thermal Paradox”

The analysis of studies devoted to food solutions separation was carried out. The evolution of cryoconcentration technologies is analyzed, including the research works of the authors in the field of the block freezing plants. The purpose of the work is to reduce energy costs in block freezing plants and to intensify the process of the ice block formation. A hypothesis states that energy efficiency can be improved by recycling ice, using its energy to supercool the refrigerant before throttling. To intensify heat and mass transfer during crystallization, a scientific and technical idea for the implementation of the "thermal paradox effect" is proposed. The essence of the effect is that, with a certain combination of design and operating parameters of a block freezer, the growth of an ice block leads to a decrease in the total thermal resistance in the circuit "refrigerant — block freezer's wall — ice block — solution". The most significant result of the work was that it proved the possibility to harmonize the design and operating parameters and organized the process of separation the solutions into ice and concentrate while minimizing systemic cold losses, and, and thus the ways were proposed for developing the freezing concentration technique. The scientific significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that a new principle of efficient use of the ice block energy was proved in the work, and a new effect was obtained, which it was referred to by the authors as the "thermal paradox". The practical significance of the work was that a multifunctional freezing unit with ice recycling and frequency control of the compressor drive was created.

Design and fabrication of multi-functional equipment to produce gaseous nitrogen/oxygen and water from ambient air

Mother earth provides all the necessary resources for the existence of life. Despite the rich resources of water on our planet, majority of world’s total population experiences water shortage annually. Studies have shown that with the increase of global warming, the average humidity of ambient air is rising annually. Due to the decrease of water table on land, alternative sources of acquiring potable water can be of great utility. Out of the several methods available to tap potable water, this paper aims to achieve an alternate source of receiving fresh water directly from ambient air. This process is completely different from distillation. The ambient air also comprises a majority of Nitrogen, and this N2 is used for the purpose of creating an inert environment in packaging industries and for the purpose of extinguishing fire, a multi-functional equipment has been fabricated in order to extract water, along with pure Nitrogen gas from the residual dry air. A Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system is used to separate the Nitrogen from remaining air molecules based on their relative molecular size. In the current industrial sectors, the valves required to actuate the flow of air in PSA system are controlled by PLC circuits and Cam followers. These electro-mechanical components are overpriced. In this work electronic timers are used to actuate the valve timing, which resulted in economical. The system fabricated is simple in construction and it is easy to replace the Carbon Molecular Sieves (CMS) with Zeolite Molecular Sieves in order to obtain Oxygen gas as the pure product that can be used to help Covid-19 patients using medical grade filters. The system can be scaled up with larger mass of CMS, bigger PSA towers and greater compressor power in order to increase productivity.

Contactless information interaction of underwater monitoring means using laser communications.

The modern policy of the Russian Federation on subsoil use on the Arctic shelf, as well as the need in the coming years to begin exploration and further operation of identified oil and gas fields in accordance with the offshore projects of the South, Arctic and Far Eastern Seas, using domestic equipment, based on universal underwater vehicles (PA) only confirms this. To develop a strategy for the creation of multifunctional equipment, it is necessary to monitor the accuracy characteristics of sensors and measurement methods in the hydrosphere. Based on the results of the studies, it is possible to conclude those preferences that will ensure the greatest effectiveness of measurements in the aquatic environment for the development of the Arctic shelf. The article considers the existing methodology of measurements at the working depths of the world’s oceans and analyses the specified efficiency of sensors, the principle of operation of which covers the use of technologies for creating and functioning in various physical fields.

A set of multifunctional equipment for deposition of colloidal photonic crystal films and monolayers

It is impossible to obtain colloidal photonic crystal film of given properties without special equipment. In order to minimize the influence of external disturbing influences such devices should be automated. To obtain large-area or hetero structures it is rational to combine in one universal device equipment for the implementation of several depositional methods. In this paper the authors present two automated devices for both special and universal purposes. They can be used to obtain films and monolayers by vertical lifting of the substrate from the colloidal suspension, vertical deposition by pumping out the suspension, electrophoresis and Langmuir-Blodgett technique and its combinations.

Development of high-performance sports machine and elucidation of Two-seam ball gyroball

Sports engineering uses mathematics and physics to develop solutions to sporting problems. It involves the design and manufacture of sports equipment and facilities that can help maximise athletic performance. In order to develop fit-for-purpose products, it is necessary to consider the motions and movements of athletes. Professor Shinobu Sakai, Production Systems Engineering and Sciences, Komatsu University, Japan, is combining AI and neural networks (NN) to develop multifunctional and high-performance sports equipment and training machines that can benefit athletes and people across the globe who play sports. Believing that machines are subordinate to human beings, a key goal for Sakai is to augment the performance of sports players through the development of tools and machines. Some of the state-of-the-art tools and methodologies he uses in his work are high-resolution sensors, laser-speed sensors, MATLAB and general finite element method analysis software (ANSYS/LS-DYNA). He has developed a shuttlecock launching machine for badminton that can launch at high speed, a high-performance baseball pitching machine that is able to generate an efficient and objective gyro spin and has a high throwing performance and a pitching control method that uses AI.

Analysis of Cyclic Automatic Systems in Programming Multifunctional Equipment for CNC and PLC Systems

A method of preparing the programming conditions within CNC and PLC operating systems is proposed, along with elements implementing control programs in multifunctional industrial equipment. It proves effective to combine elements of parametric and graphical programming in the development of both CNC and PLC subprograms.

Design and Challenges of Sonodynamic Therapy System for Cancer Theranostics: From Equipment to Sensitizers.

As a novel noninvasive therapeutic modality combining low‐intensity ultrasound and sonosensitizers, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is promising for clinical translation due to its high tissue‐penetrating capability to treat deeper lesions intractable by photodynamic therapy (PDT), which suffers from the major limitation of low tissue penetration depth of light. The effectiveness and feasibility of SDT are regarded to rely on not only the development of stable and flexible SDT apparatus, but also the screening of sonosensitizers with good specificity and safety. To give an outlook of the development of SDT equipment, the key technologies are discussed according to five aspects including ultrasonic dose settings, sonosensitizer screening, tumor positioning, temperature monitoring, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. In addition, some state‐of‐the‐art SDT multifunctional equipment integrating diagnosis and treatment for accurate SDT are introduced. Further, an overview of the development of sonosensitizers is provided from small molecular sensitizers to nano/microenhanced sensitizers. Several types of nanomaterial‐augmented SDT are in discussion, including porphyrin‐based nanomaterials, porphyrin‐like nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials, and organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials with different strategies to improve SDT therapeutic efficacy. There is no doubt that the rapid development and clinical translation of sonodynamic therapy will be promoted by advanced equipment, smart nanomaterial‐based sonosensitizer, and multidisciplinary collaboration.

A Multi-Functional De-Icing Equipment Using Modular Parallel PWM Current Source Converters

For transmission line de-icing, a five level specific harmonic elimination (5l-she) modulation method for high-power parallel current source is proposed, which realizes the current balance of DC bridge arm and the suppression of common mode voltage, and ensures the power quality of grid connected current at low switching frequency. In addition the reactive power of the low voltage load can be compensated at the same time. Firstly, the switching states are classified according to the different mode lengths of PWM current, and the common mode voltage corresponding to each switching state is calculated. Secondly, the current sharing control strategy is established based on the analysis of the influence of redundant switching state on the current sharing of DC bridge arm. Then, the 5l-she waveform is constructed based on the switching state with lower common mode voltage, and the redundant switching states is optimized according to the current sharing strategy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation.

A Multi-Functional De-Icing Equipment Using Hybrid Type Parallel Current Source Converters

This paper has proposed a phase controlled and PWM controlled power current source converter (CSC) for transmission line de-icing. The proposed system consists of a high-power thyristor-based line commutated converter to contribute a majority of the dc de-icing current and a low power PWM CSC to provide a part of the dc de-icing current and to compensate the low order harmonic ac current from the TCR. Thus, the grid current can be highly sinusoidal. In order to avoid the resonance caused by the interaction between TCR and PWM CSC, a virtual impedance control is implemented in the PWM CSC without using any additional sensors. Comprehensive verification results have been obtained to validate the correctness of the proposed approach.

ФОРМАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ДЕКОМПОЗИЦІЇ

Робота присвячена формальному опису процедури і схеми декомпозиції довільних об’єктів: предметів, явищ, організмів, процесів в живій і неживій природі. Наведені і формально описані атрибути схеми декомпозиції: властивість об’єкта; різні види залежностей, що можуть зв’язувати властивості об’єкта; механізм декомпозиції; графічне зображення схеми декомпозиції. Описано різновиди схеми декомпозиції такі як декомпозиція ділення і декомпозиція з включення. Показано різноманіття схем декомпозиції і різноманіття механізмів декомпозиції. Формальний опис розглядається як передумова для аналізу і синтезу складних об’єктів на рівні, що відповідає рівню математичної точності і строгості. Формальне і систематичне визначення процесу декомпозиції може також сприяти синтезу знань і ефективному міждисциплінарному спілкуванню.

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH REGARDING THE HARVEST OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM FAM. LAMIACEAE

Medicinal plants from Fam. Lamiaceae are characterized by the presence of compounds that have a high antioxidant activity. The quality of plant material depends on a complex of factors, which also includes harvesting. Applying especially to cultivated species, mechanized harvesting conditions the obtaining of profitable productions of medicinal plants. The paper presents the experimental results obtained in the tests of the Multifunctional equipment for harvesting medicinal and aromatic plants (experimental model) in the crops of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) Respectively Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), both from the fam. Lamiaceae, made on small areas.

Stress-strain modelling state and fatigue of the working body of the tillage unit for weed removal

It is possible to increase the efficiency of crop cultivation technology through the using of multifunctional equipment for soil cultivation. The analysis of tillage equipment showed that the development of a multi-functional tillage unit capable of performing the main tillage with weed removal and a set of operations for pre-sowing tillage is relevant. To quickly adapt the soil cultivating unit to changing operating conditions, the method has been developed for regulating the angle of attack of the combing machine, the width of the capture unit and the angle of entry of the working body into the substrate [1]. A method for calculating the fatigue life of the working body of a tillage unit is proposed.

Research on Temperature Variation during Coal and Gas Outbursts: Implications for Outburst Prediction in Coal Mines.

Coal and gas outbursts are among the most severe disasters threatening the safety of coal mines around the world. They are dynamic phenomena characterized by large quantities of coal and gas ejected from working faces within a short time. Numerous researchers have conducted studies on outburst prediction, and a variety of indices have been developed to this end. However, these indices are usually empirical or based on local experience, and the accurate prediction of outbursts is not feasible due to the complicated mechanisms of outbursts. This study conducts outburst experiments using large-scale multifunctional equipment developed in the laboratory to develop a more robust outburst prediction method. In this study, the coal temperature during the outburst process was monitored using temperature sensors. The results show that the coal temperature decreased rapidly as the outburst progressed. Meanwhile, the coal temperature in locations far from the outburst mouth increased. The coal broken in the stress concentration state is the main factor causing the abnormal temperature rise. The discovery of these phenomena lays a theoretical foundation and provides an experimental basis for an effective outburst prediction method. An outburst prediction method based on monitoring temperature was proposed, and has a simpler and faster operation process and is not easily disturbed by coal mining activities. What is more, the critical values of coal temperature rises or temperature gradients can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual situations of different coal mines to predict outbursts more effectively and accurately.