Multifunctional Cotton Research Articles

Antibacterial and UV resistant functions of cotton fabrics: In-situ free radical polymerization of AgNPs using Baicalin

The use of chemical synthetic finishing agents is accompanied by environmental pollution problems. While baicalin is an important natural flavonoid compound with excellent antibacterial, UV absorbing, and reducing abilities, which can endow textiles with antibacterial properties and safety. In this paper, baicalin was used as the raw material to construct core-shell structured nanosilver (B-AgNPs) using in-situ free radical polymerization method. While improving the stability of nanosilver, it also confers synergistic antibacterial properties. Then, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxilane (Aps) grafted B-AgNPs were used to prepare multifunctional cotton fabrics with antibacterial and UV protection properties. The research results showed the cotton fabric treated with 100 % B-AgNPs had better comprehensive properties, with a breathability of 375.44 mm/s. The antibacterial activity of the B-AgNPs treating cotton fabric against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is still above 99 % before and after 15 times washing, with a UVA value of less than 5 % and a UPF value of 50+. This lays a theoretical foundation for its development and application in healthcare and sanitary textiles.

Fabrication of Bio-Based Composite Materials forAntimicrobial Cotton Fabric With Microbial Anti-Adhesive Activity.

The development of multifunctional cotton fabrics that are stain-resistant, antimicrobial, and easy to clean has sparked scientific interest as well as practical usefulness, owing to its medical and healthcare applications. The purpose of this study was to fabricate self-cleaning and antimicrobial cotton for final use by soaking the cotton fabric in nonfluorinated hybrid formulations based on quaternary chitosan-silane using the sol-gel process. The fluorine-free cotton fabric demonstrated high self-cleaning behavior and outstanding bacterial killing efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, without altering the desired textile properties of cotton fabric. Remarkably, cotton textiles using the hybrid formulations HTACC-VTES (N-(2-hydroxy)propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride-vinyltriethoxy silane) and TMCC-VTES (N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan chloride-vinyltriethoxy silane) demonstrated promising water contact angles of 147° and 142° respectively, indicating a move toward superhydrophobicity. In FTIR spectra, both treated cotton textiles had an absorption peak at 1208 cm-1 (SiOC bending), indicating a stronger interaction between silane binding agents and the cotton substrate. The treated cotton fabric with desirable features retains its stability and endurance after 12 cycles of washing for antibacterial tests and 15 cycles for wettability tests. The manufactured cotton fabric has several potential applications, such as in personal hygiene items and medical applications.

Recycling primary batteries into advanced graphene flake-based multifunctional smart textiles for energy storage, strain sensing, electromagnetic interference shielding, antibacterial, and deicing applications

Batteries are extensively used owing to their pivotal role in energy storage. However, their adverse environmental impact remains a significant challenge. The prevailing technologies for treating and handling battery waste are remarkably complex and expensive, highlighting the urgent need to upcycle spent battery materials into valuable resources to mitigate their environmental footprint. To that end, this paper reports a scheme for recycling graphite rods and Zn from Zn–C batteries. In this approach, polymeric composites synthesized using graphene flakes extracted from the graphite rods of spent batteries are used to fabricate multifunctional cotton textiles, and the outer Zn case of the spent batteries is employed as a Zn anode in energy storage devices. The synthesized multifunctional fabric shows excellent energy storage performance, particularly in Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors, achieving a specific capacitance of 140 F g−1 at a scan rate of 0.5 A g−1; an electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of ∼48 dB; wearable sensing capabilities for human motion detection; and Joule heating behavior for deicing. Moreover, the fabric exhibits remarkable antibacterial efficiency, with an approximately 27-mm-wide inhibition zone against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The “waste-to-wonder” strategy presented herein holds promise for environmental protection and innovative multifunctional textile fabrication.

Fabrication of sustainable functional cotton fabric with silk sericin and chitosan for protective textiles

The use of bio-based sources for producing multifunctional cotton fabric with UV-protective and antibacterial properties is essential. Hence, the primary aim of this work was to develop sustainable functional cotton fabric (antibacterial and UV-protective) by applying silk sericin and chitosan using a simple and environmentally benign pad-dry curing method. The modification as well as functional properties of the treated fabric were evaluated in terms of antimicrobial efficacy, moisture management, UV protection, scavenging activity, surface morphology, thermal stability and mechanical strength. The results indicated that the concentration of chitosan around 10 mg/mL demonstrated remarkable antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive S. aureus bacteria. The quantitative analysis revealed an 87 %, reduction of bacteria, which surpassed the reduction rates in cotton fabric treated with sericin at concentrations of 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL. The chitosan/sericin treated fabric showed antioxidant i.e. radical scavenging activity (RSA) of 47.44 % while the fabric treated with chitosan and sericin individually had RSAs of 42.35 % and 53.04 %. Compared to cloth treated with chitosan and sericin separately, the fabric treated with chitosan/sericin showed significantly better resistance to ultraviolet (UV) light (UFP 16.80). Based on the study, it is possible to create sustainable, multipurpose cotton fabrics with potential uses in protective textiles by combining silk sericin with chitosan.

Phytic acid-induced durable fire-proof and hydrophobic complex coating for versatile cotton fabrics

To address the current development requirements for multifunctional cotton fabrics, a phytic acid-induced flame-retardant hydrophobic coating containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silicon (Si) was grafted on the surface of cotton fabrics using a facile step-by-step immersion method. The limiting oxygen index value improved to 31.2 %, decreasing to 26.7 % after 50 laundering cycles, while the fabric remained self-extinguishing effect in the vertical flammability test and showed a water contact angle of 126.1°. Cone calorimetry test showed that the modified fabric could not be ignited at the irradiation heat flux of 35 kW/m2. When the irradiation heat flux was raised to 50 kW/m2, there was a significant decline in the peak heat release rate of the modified cotton fabric, which decreased by 43.2 % to a remarkably low value of 114.0 kW/m2, indicating excellent flame-retardant properties. The analysis of the flame-retardant mechanism uncovered that the modified coating exhibited a significant dual flame-retardant mechanism involving both the gaseous phase and the condensed phase. Additionally, the oil-water separation tests revealed that the separation efficiency of the modified cotton fabrics was as high as 97.1 % and remained around 96 % after 10 cycles, which made them reusable for the clean-up of hazardous chemicals.

Development of bio-active cotton fabric coated with betalain extract as encapsulating agent for active packaging textiles

The development of bio-active cotton fabric based on natural polymers and pigments has been a significant material for biodegradable textile packaging in recent years. Betalain extracted (BE) from Red beet root (RBR) is a rich source of natural pigments and has potential health benefits as an antioxidant and in biological activities which used as food, beverage, and drug colorant. However, BE pigments are photochromically unstable and have interest applications, thereby motivating the use of microencapsulation technology to maintain their stability and increase their shelf lifetime. Thus, in the present work Incorporating BE into gelatinized corn starch (GS) and Arabic gum (AG) for manufacturing stabilized BE microcapsules with tunable antioxidant and biological properties by freeze-drying method. The produced encapsulating agent (EA) powders were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) for particle morphology and FTIR of selected EA was carried out. Monitoring of coloring strength values (K/S) and Color parameters before and after storage as well as storage stability of these microcapsules at different pH’s was also studied. The current study was performed to design multifunctional cotton fabric, for this purpose the cotton fabric was treated with keratin to improve its affinity toward 100 % BE, with and without (BE) EA were determined using a pad dry process. The chemical properties, physical properties, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and functional properties of the coated fabrics with and without (BE) as well as color parameters were determined. The results showed that the fabric coated with 100 % BE and 30 % BE incorporating or encapsulating with 60 % GS and 10 % AG exhibited good mechanical properties, excellent thermal stability, and significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity compared to the uncoated fabric. The antioxidant release of BTE from the fabric coated with 60/10/30 EA was controlled by diffusion. According to the results, the developed multifunctional coated fabrics with BE encapsulating agent can be considered as a good potential material for active packaging textiles for various applications.

PH tunable multifunctional cotton fabric with GO-PANI-Ag composite coating

pH tunable multifunctional cotton fabric with GO-PANI-Ag composite coating

All-hydrogel yarn-based supercapacitor wrapped with multifunctional cotton fiber for energy storage and sensing

Yarn-based hydrogel materials, known for their exceptional mechanical durability and soft texture, are ideal for integrating energy storage and sensing capabilities into clothing, offering a more convenient and comfortable experience for wearable bioelectronics. However, it remains challenging to equip yarn-based hydrogel materials with all necessary properties and functions simultaneously. Herein, an all-hydrogel yarn-based flexible supercapacitor, wrapped with a layer fluffy and soft sensitive film made of reduced graphene oxide-modified cotton fibers (rGCF) to achieve the dual purpose of energy storage and sensing. Firstly, a mechanically durable flexible all-hydrogel, sodium dodecyl sulfate-modified polyvinyl alcohol@copoly(acrylate-aniline) (PVA@P(AA-ANi)-SDS) yarn is created through the synergy of dynamically cross-linking and SDS-induced emulsification formation followed by freezing-copolymerization. The dynamic cross-linked hydrophobic associations of SDS allow the flexible PVA@P(AA-ANi)-SDS hydrogel yarn to exhibit excellent resistance to swelling, superior tensile properties with up to 300 % elongation at break, and a tensile strength of 1 MPa. Moreover, the obtained PVA@P(AA-ANi)-SDS yarn electrode exhibits a superior specific capacitance of 618 F g−1, and the assembled all-hydrogel PVA@P(AA-ANi)-SDS yarn-based flexible symmetric supercapacitor (SC) achieves an energy density of 37.3 Wh kg−1. Subsequently, a fluffy and soft sensitive rGCF film was wrapped around the surface of yarn-based SC to form an all-yarn-based SC-sensor. The rGCF sensitive film not only exhibits good sensitivity but also provides ample mechanical cushioning space due to its fluffy, soft, and flexible characteristics, effectively protecting the SC surface. Even under significant mechanical movement and pressure, it maintains good mechanical stability, resulting in excellent sensitivity (25.75 kPa−1) and a wide pressure detection range of up to 44 kPa.

Halloysite-based inorganic-organic hybrid coatings for durable flame retardant, hydrophobic and antibacterial properties of cotton fabrics

Developing durable protective cotton fabrics (CF) against potential environmental dangers such as fire hazards and bacterial growth remains an imperative but tough challenge. In this study, flame retardant, antibacterial and hydrophobic CF were successfully prepared via two-step coating. The inner coating entailed polyelectrolyte complexes consisting of polyethyleneimine and ammonium polyphosphate with the goal of enhancing the flame retardancy of CF. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), a kind of tubular silicate mineral, were creatively modified and introduced to multifunctional coatings to improve flame retardant and antibacterial properties of CF. N-halamine modified HNTs (HNTs-EA-Cl) and polydimethylsiloxane were applied as the outer coating to endow CF with antibacterial and hydrophobic properties and further improve the flame retardancy of CF. After halloysite-based inorganic-organic hybrid coatings, the limiting oxygen index of the treated samples (PAHP-CF) was over 28 %, and the release of heat and smoke was significantly inhibited. PAHP-CF could inactivate 100 % E. coli and S. aureus within 2 h. More importantly, PAHP-CF showed excellent hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 148° and exhibited great prevention of bacterial adhesion. PAHP-CF exhibited excellent washing durability undergoing 5 washing cycles. This study promotes the development of multifunctional coatings and offers a new way to manufacture multifunctional cotton fabrics.

Multifunctional Wearable Electronic Based on Fabric Modified by PPy/NiCoAl-LDH for Energy Storage, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Photothermal Conversion.

With the rapid advancement of electronic technology, traditional textiles are challenged to keep up with the demands of wearable electronics. It is anticipated that multifunctional textile-based electronics incorporating energy storage, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and photothermal conversion are expected to alleviate this problem. Herein, a multifunctional cotton fabric with hierarchical array structure (PPy/NiCoAl-LDH/Cotton) is fabricated by the introduction of NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide (NiCoAl-LDH) nanosheet arrays on cotton fibers, followed by polymerization and growth of continuous dense polypyrrole (PPy) conductive layers. The multifunctional cotton fabric shows a high specific areal capacitance of 754.72 mF cm-2 at 5mA cm-2 and maintains a long cycling life (80.95% retention after 1000 cycles). The symmetrical supercapacitor assembled with this fabric achieves an energy density of 20.83µWh cm-2 and a power density of 0.23 mWcm-2. Moreover, the excellent electromagnetic interference shielding (38.83dB), photothermal conversion (70.2 °C at 1000mWcm-2), flexibility and durability are also possess by the multifunctional cotton fabric. Such a multifunctional cotton fabric has great potential for using in new energy, smart electronics, and thermal management applications.

Fabrication of multifunctional cotton fabrics with quaternized N-halamine endowing the synergetic rechargeable antibacterial, wound healing and self-cleaning performances

Cotton has attracted considerable attention due to its functional characteristics. The focus of research on cotton has shifted in recent years towards designing multi-functional and modified media for cotton fibers, which can be firmly combined with textiles, giving them reusability and extending their service life. This study constructed a synergistic antibacterial layer of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and N-halamine (Hals) using an in-situ free radical copolymerization method in water, named QACs/Hals@cotton-Cl. The route significantly increases the number of antibacterial active centers. FTIR, XPS, and SEM were used to systematically analyze the product's chemical structure, surface morphology, and other characteristics. The modified fabric's antibacterial efficiency, wound healing, renewability, and durability were also evaluated. The chlorinated modified cotton fabric could completely eradicate S. aureus and E. coli within 10 min. Compared with pure cotton, it notably promoted the healing rate of infected wounds in mice. The modification method imparted excellent hydrophobicity to the cotton fabric, with a contact angle exceeding 130°, making it easy to remove surface stains. After 30 days of regular storage and 24 h of UV irradiation, the active chlorine concentration (Cl+%) only decreased by 25 % and 39 %, respectively, and the reduced Cl+% was effectively recharged via simple re-chlorination. The hydrophobicity and antimicrobial properties of QACs/Hals@cotton-Cl remained stable even after 20 cycles of friction. This simple synthesis technique provides a convenient approach for the scalable fabrication of multifunctional and rechargeable antibacterial textiles, with potential applications in medical devices and personal hygiene protection.

Facile and scalable growth of bimetallic 3D Ag/MIL125-NH2 on cotton fabric for multifaceted anti-wetting and self-healing characteristics

Multifunctional cotton fabric holds great promise across domestic and healthcare sectors. However, the challenge lies in developing a simple, sustainable method to create versatile, multifunctional cotton fabric. Herein, we designed novel 3D bimetallic organic frameworks (Ag/MIL125-NH2) for the first time and fabricated BM125@COT, a superhydrophobic cotton fabric adorned with porous hierarchical grooves. This was achieved by spraying Ag/MIL125-NH2 onto the cotton fabric's surface, followed by post-synthetic treatment with non-fluorinated myristic acid, resulting in superhydrophobic BM125@COT. The coated fabric showed a water contact angle (WCA) of 162.2° and a water sliding angle (WSA) of 4° ± 1. Surface morphology, size, structural and chemical composition, and anti-wetting properties of synthesized MOFs and BM125@COT were evaluated by SEM, EDS, TEM, XRD, XPS, UV/Vis, ATR, DSC, and Optical Tensiometer. Durability tests, including splash tests, abrasion resistance, tape peeling, washing, pH effects, and ultrasonication cycles, underscored the fabric's robust mechanical stability and chemical resistance. Moreover, superhydrophobic BM125@COT demonstrated UV-blocking efficiency, impressive self-cleaning capabilities, and enhanced antibacterial activity. This low-cost, scalable, and sustainable fabric, fabricated through a straightforward one-step spray coating technique, holds immense potential for versatile applications.

Lightweight, breathable and self-cleaning polypyrrole-modified multifunctional cotton fabric for flexible electromagnetic interference shielding

The thriving of wearable electronics and the emerging new requirements for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding have driven the innovation of EMI shielding materials towards lightweight, wearability and multifunctionality. Herein, the hierarchical polypyrrole nanotubes (PNTs)/PDMS structures are rationally constructed on the textile for obtaining multifunctional and flexible EMI shielding textiles by in-situ polymerization and surface coating. The modified cotton fabric possesses a conductivity of about 2715.8 S/m and an SET of 28.2 dB in the X band when the thickness is only 0.5 mm. After ultrasonic treatment, cyclic bending and washing, the conductivity and EMI shielding performance remain stable and exhibit long-term durability. Importantly, the textile's inherent lightweight, breathable and soft properties have been completely retained after modification. This work shows application potentiality in the field of EMI pollution protection and affords a novel path for the construction of multifunctionally wearable and durable EMI shielding materials.

Development of self‐cleaning and antibacterial properties on cotton fabric using silver nanoparticles and PFOTS

AbstractThe demand for superhydrophobic fabric with self‐cleaning and antibacterial features as potential practical applications has been rising steadily with the passage of time. In this research work, the wet chemical method is used to manufacture cotton with a superhydrophobic coating. Thus, Nanoparticles of silver were produced by using an in situ method. Afterward, the fabric is treated with a solution of perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane to make it superhydrophobic. The cotton fabric performs remarkably with exceptional hydrophobicity as it had a contact angle of 157 ± 1° and less than 10° in sliding angle. Water droplet's dynamic behavior is also studied so that the superhydrophobic fabric development can be proven. The fabric shows excellent chemical durability by performing chemical tests. The antimicrobial and self‐cleaning properties are greatly enhanced by the superhydrophobic coating on cotton. Particle density on the superhydrophobic cotton before and after self‐cleaning was found 5.1 and 0.4 mg/cm2. In addition, the treated cotton fabric also exhibited superior antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli bacteria. Therefore, the developed multifunctional cotton fabric can be used in real‐life applications.Highlights Cotton fabric enables to repelling of dirt, oil, and water‐based stains more effectively. Silver nanoparticles possess potent antibacterial properties. Incorporation of PFOTS controls the release of silver into the environment. Versatile applications from healthcare and hospitality to outdoor and athletic apparel.

Cationic surfactant-assisted assembly of water-dispersible MnO2 onto indoor textiles for anti-bacterial and HCHO removal

Nowadays, the applications of nanoparticle-decorated textiles for environmental governmental governance have aroused great concerns, while the poor fastness and uncontrolled aggregation of the nanoparticles negatively influenced its practical use. Herein, an environmental-friendly synthesis strategy of water-dispersible MnO2 was demonstrated by using the reductant of 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and template of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and then the as-prepared MnO2 was further employed as a multifunctional textile coating. In all the procedures under room temperatures, three effects of cationic CTAB micelles were thoroughly explored, from optimizing MnO2 to uniform micro/nanoscale through template strategy, to bridging the gaps between electronegative particles and fabrics, and even providing stable antibacterial effect. Consequently, without any additional binding agents, multifunctional cotton textile was obtained by simply immersing cotton into a MnO2-CTAB aqueous solution, and appeared antibacterial rates (over 99 %) to both E. coli and S. aureus. Meanwhile, HCHO removal and ultraviolet blocking (UVA<0.1 %) properties as well as high durability of the nanoparticles are also introduced to the textiles. We believe as-presented cationic surfactant-templated strategy for regulating synthesis and deposition of functional particles onto cotton textiles has broad application prospects in green and sustainable functionalization of decoration textiles.

In-Situ Synthesis of CuO/TiO2 Nanocomposite Onto Amine Modified Cotton Fabric for Antibacterial Durability and UV Protection

ABSTRACT In this research work, we explore antibacterial activity and the UV-protection of cotton fabric functionalized with copper oxide-titanium dioxide nano composites particles (CuO+TiO2 NCPs). Cotton fabrics (Cot) were treated with L-methionine (Am) and functionalized with bimetallic CuO+TiO2 NCPs by pad and rolling technique. Cu(NO3)2 and titanium isopropoxide (TIP) were used as sources of Cu(OH)2 and TiO2 colloid respectively, which were then converted into CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) for making antibacterial and UV-protective cotton. The method yielded a crystallite size of CuO and TiO2 NPs of 18.09 and 32.5 nm, respectively. FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, High-resolution scanning electron microscopy-Energy dispersive Spectroscopy (HRSEM), (EDS), X-ray photo spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and XRD were used to analyze the functional group, morphology, chemical composition, thermal stability and crystalline structure of the functionalized cotton fabric samples. The results showed that an esterification reaction occurred between Am and OH in cotton fabric, which further enhanced the binding of NCPs. AmCot-CuO+TiO2 NCPs exhibit outstanding antibacterial activity against gram-positive S. aureus and gram-negative E. coli. The UV protection factor (UPF) for AmCot-CuO+TiO2 NCPs reached 50+; thus, multifunctional cotton fabrics with excellent antibacterial and anti-ultraviolet properties were obtained.

Durable, multifunctional cotton fabrics with in situ deposited micro/nanomaterials for effective self–cleaning, oil–water separation and antibacterial activity

The facile modification of cotton fabrics for excellent self–cleaning, oil–water separation, and antibacterial activity is of great interest for multifunctional requirements. Herein, a durable, robust, fluorine–free multifunctional cotton fabric was fabricated via in-situ growing zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) on the cotton surface, followed by depositing hydrophobic SiO2 (H-SiO2) nanoparticles synthesized via an improved Stöber reaction. Meanwhile, the abundant hydroxyls of the cotton fabrics provided the necessary ion interaction sites for the uniform deposition of micro/nanomaterials, confirmed by the visualized Raman imaging technology. The resultant H-SiO2/ZIF-67@cotton fabric exhibited superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 159° and versatile self–cleaning, antifouling, oil–water separation, as well as prominent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. At the same time, the superhydrophobic cotton fabric possessed excellent durability and stability against harsh environments, including abrasion, washing, acid, base, salt, and organic solvents. This facile technique can be applied for large-scale production of multifunctional superhydrophobic cotton fabrics due to its easy operation, low cost, and environmental friendliness.

Preparation and properties of flame retardant and hydrophobic cotton fabrics based on poly-(dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane, dihydroxy terminated)/ammonia phytate

Applications for cotton fabrics with multifunctional qualities, such as flame retardancy, hydrophobicity, and anti-ultraviolet properties, are increasingly common and growing daily. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the preparation of flame retardant, hydrophobic, and ultraviolet (UV) protection cotton fabrics through the utilization of Poly-dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane, dihydroxy terminated (HTDMS) and ammonia phytate (AP). The flame retardancy, thermal stability, mechanical properties, anti-UV properties, air permeability and the hydrophobicity properties of coated cotton fabrics were evaluated. The results indicated that the HTDMS/AP coating was successfully deposited on the surface of cotton fabrics. The damaged length of Cotton/HTDMS/AP was 4.7 cm, and the limiting oxygen index reached 31.5 %. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the char residues in the high-temperature range were increased. Furthermore, cone calorimetry results indicated that after the HTDMS/AP coating, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production values decreased by 88.7 %, 51.2 %, and 98.4 %, respectively. Moreover, the deposition of HTDMS/AP provided cotton fabrics with hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of over 130°, while Cotton/HTDMS/AP maintained their air permeability, and enhanced the breaking force compared with those of Cotton/AP. Such desirable qualities make HTDMS/AP a meaningful coating for producing multifunctional cotton fabrics.

Multifunctional ammonium polyphosphate coated cotton fabric for flame retardant, anti-wrinkle, ultraviolet protection and anti-bacterial

The multifunctional cotton fabrics, which were expected to become one of the most promising textile materials, gained much attention in the apparel market. In this work, the simultaneous coloration and finishing processes with natural dye were carried out to prepare the multifunctional cotton fabrics. The modification process using ammonium polyphosphate (APP) imparted the cotton fabric with numerous anionic sites along with flame retardant and anti-wrinkle properties. Subsequently, the implementation of coloration with berberine was to render the cotton fabric with elegant shade and anti-bacterial, ultraviolet (UV) protection performances. The obtained results revealed that the cotton fabric treated with APP could obtain deep shade. It was found that the limited oxygen index (LOI), wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) and antibacterial efficiency of treated fabric were 46.4%, 252°, 193 and 99%, respectively. More importantly, the repeated laundering showed negligible influence on the flame retardant and anti-wrinkle performances. In addition, the anti-bacterial and UV protection performance of treated cotton fabric exhibited a slight decline even after 20 cycles of washing. Finally, the washing and rubbing fastness of obtained cotton fabric were also desirable.

Construction of MXene-mediated inorganic-organic quaternary ammonium salt-hybrid coating for fire safety and multi-mode synergistic antibacterial of cotton fabric

With the continuous development of the society, there is a growing demand for the durability, versatility and multifunction of cott fabrics. In this work, the cotton fabric is coated with multifunctional coating via dip-coating of transition metal carbide (MXene) and then encapsulation of dimethyloctadecyl [3-trimethoxysilopropyl] ammonium chloride (QAS). In view of MXene with excellent light absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency, the controllable antibacterial performance of the cotton fabric is further improved. Benefiting from the encapsulation of QAS, CF@P@M@QAS fabric shows mechanical stability (24 h washing, 1000 cycles folding test and 100 cyclic abrasion) and hydrophobicity. Meantime, the QAS on the surface of multifunctional cotton fabric significantly increases antibacterial activity, and the antibacterial rate can reach to 100 % against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and 98 % Escherichia coli (E. coli). Besides, CF@P@M@QAS cotton fabric also integrates functions of fire safety and physical therapy. Thus, this multifunctional cotton fabric based MXene offers a novel solution for extending its application in medical electronics and physical therapy.