Multifunctional Composite Materials Research Articles

Effect of carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites: A review

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are renowned for their low density, high elastic modulus, and exceptional electrical and thermal properties. The continuously developing applications of CNTs provide higher specific stiffness and strength for composite materials. The unique characteristics of CNTs make them ideal reinforcing particles in aluminum matrix composites (AMMCs), which generally exhibit excellent mechanical properties. CNTs/AMMCs are usually prepared using methods such as powder metallurgy, casting, spray deposition, and reactive melting. The uniform diffusion of CNTs in composites is crucial for enhancing the properties of CNTs/AMMCs. The properties of CNTs/AMMCs largely depend on the content, morphology, and distribution of reinforcements in the matrix and the interaction between reinforcements and the matrix. By adding an appropriate volume fraction of CNTs, the hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, and electrical properties of CNTs/AMMCs were significantly improved. The effects of CNT content on the mechanical properties of CNTs/AMMCs, including the tensile strength, yield strength, compressive strength, stress–strain curve behavior, elastic modulus, hardness, creep, and fatigue behavior, were revealed. The design of microstructure, optimization of the preparation process, and optimization of composition can further improve the mechanical properties of CNTs/AMMCs and expand their application in engineering. The design concept of integrating material homogenization and functional unit structure through biomimetic design of novel gradient structures, layered structures, and multi-level twin structures further optimizes the composition and microstructure of CNTs/AMMCs, which is the key to further obtaining high-performance CNTs/AMMCs. As a multifunctional composite material, CNTs/AMMCs have broad application prospects in fields such as air force, military, aerospace, automation, and electronics. Moreover, CNTs/AMMCs have potential applications in cell therapy, tissue engineering, and other areas.

Facile design and enhanced interface polarization of CoFe-PBA/MXene towards microwave absorption, EMI shielding and energy storage

Electromagnetic properties and electrochemical properties of MXene hybrid materials have been one of the research hotspots. The development of high-performance MXene multifunctional composite materials is a challenging task. In this work, the free-stack CoFe-PBA/Ti3C2Tx MXene with lots of interfaces were fabricated using simple hydrothermal technology. The material can be used for microwave absorption, electromagnetic interference shielding and charge storage. Among them, CoFe-PBA/Ti3C2Tx MXene with the mass ratio of 1:3 achieved a maximum absorbing bandwidth of 4.72 GHz at 1.74 mm, covering the complete X-band; and certain electromagnetic shielding performance and good supercapacitance characteristics. The excellent electromagnetic attenuation characteristics derives from the intrinsic properties of charge transport and dielectric relaxation interface within CoFe-PBA/Ti3C2Tx MXene, and its rich active sites and carrier transport characteristics determine its good electrochemical performance. These results show that CoFe-PBA/Ti3C2Tx MXene is an excellent multifunctional material with potential application prospects in technical fields such as macrowave absorption, electromagnetic shielding and energy storage.

MXene-modified lemon peel-based composite phase change material with excellent photo-thermal conversion efficiency, thermal storage capacity and thermal conductivity for thermal management of electronic components

The preparation of multifunctional composite phase change materials using green technology to achieve an efficient energy storage and conversion remains an issue of concern. In this paper, a lemon peel-based porous carbon (LPC) composite phase change material (CPCM) was prepared by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 as a phase change medium and MXene nanosheet-modified carbonized lemon peel as a support carrier. MXene nanosheets were bonded to a lemon peel-based porous carbon skeleton to construct an excellent continuous three-dimensional thermally conductive grid system. What makes it noteworthy is that the presence of MXene nanosheets substantially improves the thermal conductivity (0.66 W/mK) and photo-thermal conversion efficiency (θ = 96.4 %) of MXene-modified lemon peel-based porous carbon/polyethylene glycol composite phase change materials (PEG/LPC@M). It is noteworthy that PEG/LPC@M has remarkable thermal stability and still has high enthalpy after 100 cycles, which further proves the recyclability of PEG/LPC@M and PEG/LPC@M embodies great potential in the field of thermal management of electronic components. In conclusion, a novel multifunctional CPCM was prepared by a simple and green process method in this study, which provides a new idea for waste recycling and reuse, and also has a wide range of applications in thermal management of electronic devices.

Multiresponsive Behavior of the Pickering Emulsifier and Its Application for Collecting Small Oil Droplets in Water.

Responsive Pickering emulsions, with unique nanoparticle interfaces and sensitivity to external stimuli, significantly enhanced the stability and applicability of Pickering emulsions. Multifunctional composite material poly((2-(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-b-(acrylate cyclodextrin))/Fe3O4 nanoparticles, namely P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD)/Fe3O4, with both multiresponsive characteristics and emulsifying capabilities had been designed to remove small oil droplets from water. Using the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method, diblock polymers P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD) were grown in a controlled manner on the surface of Fe3O4. The Fe3O4 core showed responsiveness to a magnetic field, and the block copolymers prepared via the RAFT method demonstrated reactivity to both pH and CO2. The P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited the capability to form Pickering/Oxford emulsions with exceptional stabilization properties. It could be observed that the introduction of CO2, acid, and a magnetic field led to the breakage of the emulsion, while the emulsion could be restabilized by removing the CO2 and the magnetic field or by adding alkali. Measurements of interfacial tension, ζ-potential, and contact angle demonstrated that the emulsification/breakdown mechanisms associated with pH and CO2/N2 were related to the surface wettability of the nanoparticles. In addition, the emulsifier had an excellent cycling capacity with at least 10 cycles by CO2/N2. Additionally, P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibited excellent stability in oil phases with large polarity differences and various real oil phases with different viscosities. Importantly, the P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles could serve as functional materials for efficiently separating small oil droplets from water through the application of a magnetic field. Therefore, P(DMAEMA-b-A-CD)/Fe3O4 nanoparticles held promising potential as materials with economic and commercial value for oil-water separation applications.

Preparation of a double-layer bionic bamboo structure absorber based on CB/PLA-TPU composites and its broadband microwave absorption characteristics

The study of the mechanical characteristics and microwave absorption capabilities of multifunctional composite materials in complex environments has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Inspired by the structure of bamboo in nature, a novel double-layer microwave absorber structure, a CB/PLA-TPU composite bionic bamboo joint’s structure, was conceived and manufactured for this investigation. This structure ingeniously integrates the load-bearing attributes of bamboo joints with the microwave absorption qualities of CB composites. At the material level, enhancing the CB particle content enhances the matrix's folds and defects, thereby improving its dielectric polarization loss capacity. An effective absorption bandwidth of 3.84 GHz was achieved, with a minimum reflection loss of −60.24 dB at a 2.58 mm thickness and a 9.2 GHz frequency. The bionic bamboo absorber's unit structure is meticulously engineered, with experimental simulations validating its performance. According to the findings, the structure attains a 10.03 GHz broadband absorption and a yield strength of 11.6 MPa. It maintains broadband absorption capabilities above 9 GHz even at oblique incidence angles for TM polar wave (0–60°) and TE polar wave (0–30°). The biomimetic design based on bamboo offers significant potential for engineering applications in stealth technology under adverse conditions.

Multifunctional composite materials of rGO with RAFT initiated polymers with terminal amine or protonated amine functionalities for chemical eliminations HCHO and acidic pollutants at ambient conditions

In this paper, the contribution of self-assembled composite material of bifunctional polymer prepared by RAFT polymerization and rGO to the removal of low concentration HCHO and acids from air were systematically studied. Experimental results demonstrate that the condensation reaction between HCHO and the protonated amino group at the terminal of the rGO-py-pAMHS-NH3+-ph chain effectively can eliminate HCHO chemically, resulting in the release of H2O as the sole by-product following oxime bonds formation. rGO alone is incapable of chemically removing gaseous HCHO, but when combined with the py-pAMHS-NH3+-ph, efficient HCHO conversion can be achieved, well elucidating the remarkable HCHO removal capability via rGO-py-pAMHS-NH3+-ph. The HCHO chemical removal performance of composite is evaluated by a self-made device at the 1000 mL/min N2 velocity under 25 °C and 50 % RH and it is found that 206.41 mg of HCHO can be removed in approximately 4 h by using 1.0 g of rGO-py-pAMHS-NH3+-ph. In addition, cycling experiments demonstrate the rGO-py-pAMHS-NH3+-ph possesses good durability. We also find that the rGO-py-pAMHS-NH2-ph has the ability to remove acids when the terminal protonated amino groups have been converted into amine functionalities. This green and zero-carbon emission methodology for chemical removal of HCHO degradation and acid pollutants could provide valuable reference for developing other efficient strategies to remove other pollutants such as VOCs etc.

Effect of modified graphene nanosheets on the properties of 222Rn and gamma ray multifunctional shielding polymer composite materials

AbstractDevelopment of shielding materials for 222Rn and γ radiation has crucial implications for ensuring the safety of individuals. This paper reports the synthesis of modified graphene nanosheets (MGNPs) via the reaction of KH560 with graphene nanosheets (GNPs), while melt blending and hot‐press molding technique were used to fabricate a multifunctional polymer composite shielding material, MGNP/WB/PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). Successful synthesis of MGNP was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was utilized to assess the distribution of functional fillers within the cross‐section of the polymer composite. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that MGNP and WB particles enhance the thermal stability of the polymer composite materials. Compared to pure PMMA, 98.7% decrease in the radon diffusion coefficient was observed for MGNP1.5 wt%/PMMA composite material. In addition to enhance the radon‐blocking characteristics of the polymer composites, inclusion of WB particles also boosts their shielding capacity against gamma radiation. The 222Rn diffusion coefficient of MGNP1.5 wt%/WB25wt%/PMMA polymer composite material decreased by 99.6% and at energies of 60 KeV, 80 KeV, 122 KeV, 365 KeV, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for the composite material increased by 0.79, 1.97, 0.57, and 0.05 cm2/g, respectively, compared to pure PMMA.Highlights The PMMA composite materials doped with graphene nanosheets demonstrate outstanding resistance to 222Rn. Graphene nanosheets modified by KH560 exhibit favorable dispersion within PMMA. WB can further enhance the radon resistance of MGNP/WB/PMMA composite materials. The polymer composites exhibit excellent 222Rn and gamma ray shielding properties.

Multifunctional composite material based on piezoelectric nanofibers and Cu-CFRP electrodes for sensing applications

To monitor possible failures of a composite, several Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems have been developed. However, these methods typically involve embedding commercial sensors within the laminate, potentially compromising the material's strength.In this study, a self-sensing composite laminate was fabricated by interleaving poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) piezoelectric nanofibers between Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) prepreg plies. Instead of conventional metallic sheets, hybrid Copper-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (Cu-CFRP) was used as electrodes to collect piezoelectric signals. This innovative approach offers two main advantages: enhanced interlaminar fracture toughness due to nanometric piezoelectric fibers and an intrinsic connection between copper wires and carbon, eliminating the need for additional electrical cables within the laminate. The effect of stacking sequence parameters on the self-sensing laminate's electromechanical response was investigated using a Design of Experiment (DoE) based on the Box-Benken method. Additionally, a lumped electric circuit model was employed to gain analytical insights into the piezoelectric behavior of the laminates.

Shear stiffening and magneto-induced properties of magnetorheological elastomer based on self-healing poly(urethane-urea) matrix

A novel multifunctional composite material, defined as self-healing magnetorheological elastomer (SH-MRE), which exhibits both shear stiffening and magnetorheological effects as well as self-healing ability, is obtained by dispersing carbonyl iron particles in a poly(urethane-urea) matrix. The dynamic shear properties are tested through oscillation frequency and magnetic field sweeps. When shear stress is applied with an excitation frequency of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz, the storage modulus of the poly(urethane-urea) matrix increases sharply, showing a good shear stiffening effect. In addition to the magnetically dependent mechanical properties with a magnetic flux density of 0–0.894 T, the self-healing efficiency of the isotropic SH-MREs with destructive shear damage after healing can be influenced by the mass fraction of the carbonyl iron particles, the applied magnetic field strength and the support of trace solvents. Based on the experimental results, it is believed that the hydrogen bonds in the dynamic hard domains and the magnetic interaction forces between the carbonyl iron particles induced by the magnetic field are the cause of the good multifunctional properties.

Polyaniline @ cellulose nanofibers multifunctional composite material for supercapacitors, electromagnetic interference shielding and sensing

Recently, multifunctional materials have received widespread attention from researchers. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) is one of biomass materials with abundant hydroxyl groups, which shows great potential in manufacturing multifunctional composite material. In this paper, a kind of polyaniline@CNF/polyvinyl alcohol-H2SO4 multifunctional composite material (PANI@CNF/PVA-H2SO4) was successfully designed by in-situ chemical polymerization of conductive polyaniline (PANI) onto CNF aerogel with high aspect ratio, and then coated with PVA-H2SO4 gel. The composite material has a specific capacitance of 502.2 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s as supercapacitor electrode. Furthermore, when the composite was assembled into a symmetrical supercapacitor, it can still provide an energy density of 11.49 W h/kg at a high power density of 413.55 W/kg. Besides, the as-obtained PANI@CNF/PVA-H2SO4 composite has an excellent electromagnetic shielding performance of 34.75 dB in X-band. In addition, due to the excellent flexibility of CNF and PVA, the PANI@CNF/PVA-H2SO4 composites can be further applied to stress sensors to detect pressure and human motion signals.

The effect of graphene oxide on thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of carbon/epoxy composites: Towards multifunctional composite material

AbstractThe focus of this research work is to investigate the influence of graphene oxide (GO) on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The solvent mixing method with the new addition of a mixing stage is introduced for uniform distribution of graphene oxide in polymer. Different weight percentages of graphene oxide (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) were incorporated into the epoxy matrix, and the resulting composites were subjected to electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) testing. The findings revealed a positive influence on material properties with the percentage of GO. Especially, the electrical conductivity and ILSS values reached up to 7.05 S/m and 11.03 MPa, respectively, when 1.5% GO by weight of the resin was added. The improvement in ILSS reported by 40% compared to the neat CFRP, and this increment was attributed to enhanced bonding between the epoxy matrix and carbon fabric. Maximum thermal conductivity of 1.04 W/m°K obtained at 1% GO filler, which is 15% higher than neat epoxy composite. Overall, these results illustrate the potential of GO as a promising filler to improve the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of CFRP composites. Proper optimization of graphene content in a polymer is needed to achieve the best multifunctional composite materials.Highlights The new solvent mixing method is introduced for uniform distribution of graphene oxide in polymer. Maximum thermal and electrical conductivity obtained at different percentages of graphene content in composite. Positive improvement is observed in mechanical, thermal, and electrical at a specific percentage of graphene in the composite. Proper optimization of nanofiller content in composite is needed to assess for maximum performance.

Research on modification of polylactic acid multifunctional composite materials for 3d printing

Polylactic acid is an important 3D printing material, but its further development and application in the field of 3D printing are limited due to its flammability, poor toughness, and lack of high temperature resistance. This article modifies polylactic acid wire for 3D printing by adding flame retardants aluminum hypophosphate, polycarbonate, and chain extender to prepare multifunctional composite flame retardant materials. It was found that with the increase of aluminum hypophosphate addition, the flame retardancy of polylactic acid composite materials gradually improved, while the tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness showed a decreasing trend, and the flowability decreased, but the Vicat softening temperature increased. Through 3D printing testing, when the amount of aluminum hypophosphate added is 15-20 parts, the printing quality is good and the comprehensive performance is the best, which can meet the basic usage requirements.

Application of two-dimensional black phosphorus material in wound healing

Abstract The efficient healing of skin wounds and tissue wounds has been the focus of clinical research. The complex process of body wound healing and various influencing factors make it more important to construct multifunctional composite wound tissue engineering materials that can meet all requirements. Black phosphorus (BP) is a multifunctional two-dimensional material with good biocompatibility, oxidative stress regulation ability, photothermal effect, and antibacterial ability. It has been widely used in biomedical engineering. In this review, the pathophysiological process and influencing factors of wound healing will be briefly introduced. On this basis, the properties, preparation methods, application status, and mechanism of action of BP in wound tissue engineering will be introduced in detail. This study will provide a reference for the further application of BP in wound tissue engineering materials by subsequent researchers.

Electrochemically Activated Multifunctional Carbon Fibre Composites

A multifunctional lightweight material combines several functions in a single material entity able to simultaneously bear mechanical loads by acting as a carbon fibre composite component while providing one or more other functionalities at the same time, e.g. storing energy. Carbon fibres are particularly attractive as they can be used both as a high-performance structural material and as an active electrochemical material. Carbon fibres allow for ion insertion into their microstructure with capacities comparable to graphite and hard carbon used in state-of-the-art lithium-ion and other alkali-ion batteries [1]. Carbon fibres are electrically conductive and can therefore replace the conventional metallic current collector. Carbon fibres are thus in this context a truly multifunctional material. A piezo-electrochemical transducer effect (PECT) [2], has also been discovered in ion inserted carbon fibres. The PECT-effect, that mechanical load changes the electrochemical potential of ion-inserted materials, could be used for sensing, where a voltage change is related to the mechanical strain in the material. When carbon fibres are inserted with alkali ions, they expand in the axial direction [3]. This expansion could be used for making linear actuators with high forces or even to create shape-morphing materials [4]. Combing the PECT effect with the expansions allow for using carbon fibres in an electrochemical cell to harvest energy [5],[6]. Such functionalities could be combined with an inherent electrochemical energy storage (battery function) capability. Imagine a solid-state high-performance structural material that senses its own state, can change shape and harvest energy – that is stored in the material itself!In this work, we will show functionalities coming from alkali ion insertion in carbon fibres that goes beyond the battery function, and how these functions can be combined in a single device. The starting point for these concepts are so called structural batteries, which are hybrid and multifunctional composite materials able to carry load while storing electrical energy like lithium-ion batteries. In such a battery, carbon fibres are used as the load carrying material thanks to their excellent strength and stiffness properties, but also as the active negative electrode. They also include a multifunctional matrix system – a structural battery electrolyte (SBE), the material holding the fibres together to make a solid-state load carrying material, but which at the same time is ionically conductive and chemically stable in the voltage window used. It also includes a multifunctional positive electrode – a composite electrode based on conventional ion inserting materials like lithium iron phosphate (LFP) supported by electrochemically active carbon fibres for load carrying and electrical conduction. This can then also be used for inherent strain sensing in the material without any added mass or wiring. The material can also be made to shape-morph with electrical control at low voltages and harvesting energy by converting mechanical strain to electrical power.

MXene-modified bio-based pitaya peel foam/polyethylene glycol composite phase change material with excellent photo-thermal conversion efficiency, thermal energy storage capacity and thermal conductivity

The preparation of multifunctional composite phase change materials (CPCM) for efficient conversion and storage of solar energy using green technology remains a big issue. Herein, in this research, a novel CPCM was prepared for the first time by encapsulating polyethylene glycol (PEG) into MXene-modified pitaya peel-based porous carbon using a simple vacuum impregnation method. Pitaya peel-based porous carbon was selected as the carrier to coat with MXene nanosheets to construct a continuous three-dimensional thermal conductivity network. The MXene-modified bio-based pitaya peel foam/polyethylene glycol composite phase-change material (PEG/BPC@M) exhibited high loading ratio (95.4 %) and enthalpy (154.9 J/g). Interestingly, due to the introduction of MXene nanosheets, both the photothermal conversion (θ = 92.9 %) and thermal conductivity (2.34 times that of PEG) of PEG/BPC@M were substantially increased. Significantly, PEG/BPC@M with outstanding thermal stability, wherein the PEG/BPC@M still maintained enthalpy values similar to those in non-thermal cycles after 100 cycles, further proving that PEG/BPC@M has outstanding reusability. This study provided a simple and green novel process for the preparation of multifunctional CPCM, similarly, it provided a feasible scheme for waste reuse, which has huge potentials for the field of solar energy conversion and storage.

Multifunctional composite with hybrid carbon fiber and carbonaceous coconut particle reinforcement

The utilization of multifunctional composite materials presents significant advantages in terms of system efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and miniaturization, making them highly valuable for a wide range of industrial applications. One approach to harness the multifunctionality of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is to integrate it with a secondary material to form a hybrid composite. In our previous research, we explored the use of carbonaceous material derived from coconut shells as a sustainable alternative to inorganic fillers, aiming to enhance the out-of-plane mechanical performance of CFRP. In this study, our focus is to investigate the influence of carbonized coconut shell particles on the non-structural properties of CFRP, specifically electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, thermal stability, and water absorption resistance. The carbonized material was prepared by thermal processing at 400 °C. Varying proportions of carbonized material, ranging from 1% to 5% by weight, were thoroughly mixed with epoxy resin to form the matrix used for impregnating woven carbon fabric with a volume fraction of 29%. Through measurements of scattering parameters, we found that the hybrid composites with particle loadings up to 3% exhibited EMI shielding effectiveness suitable for industrial applications. Also, incorporating low concentrations of carbonized particle to CFRP enhances the thermal stability of hybrid CFRP composites. However, the inclusion of carbonized particle to CFRP has a complex effect on the glass transition temperature. Even so, the hybrid composite with 2% particle loading exhibits the highest glass transition temperature and lowest damping factor among the tested variations. Furthermore, when subjected to a 7-day water immersion test, hybrid composites with 3% or less amount of carbonized particle showed the least water absorption. The favorable outcome can be attributed to good interfacial bonding at the matrix/fiber interface. Conversely, at higher particle concentrations, aggregation of particles and formation of interfacial and internal pores was observed, ultimately resulting in deteriorated measured properties. The improved non-structural functionalities observed in these biocomposites suggest the potential for a more sustainable and cost-effective alternative to their inorganic-based counterparts. This advancement in multifunctional composites could pave the way for enhanced applications of biocomposites in various industries.

Thermodynamic study on expanded graphite-based multifunctional composite phase change materials for personal thermal management and medical protection

Thermodynamic study on expanded graphite-based multifunctional composite phase change materials for personal thermal management and medical protection

Multifunctional magnetic composite nanomaterial for Colorimetric-SERS Dual-Mode detection and photothermal sterilization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

In this study, a colorimetric and SERS dual-mode detection and photothermal sterilization method targeting Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) was proposed by preparing a multifunctional composite magnetic material (Fe3O4@MOF(Fe-Cu)-GNS-MBA-Apt) and integrating it with magnetophoretic chromatography technology. The composite magnetic material modified with aptamer demonstrated specific capture of V. parahaemolyticus in food matrices through magnetic separation. The dual-mode quantitative detection of V. parahaemolyticus was achieved by combining magnetophoretic chromatography for the separation of free materials and bacteria-material complexes and the peroxidase-like activity and SERS effect of the composite material. Under optimized conditions, the dual-mode sensor exhibited detection limits of 9 cfu·mL−1 (101 ––105 cfu·mL−1) in the colorimetric modality and 7 cfu·mL−1 (101 ––105 cfu·mL−1) in the SERS modality. Furthermore, the photothermal properties of the material allowed for the sterilization of bacteria in the detection solution within 4 min of near-infrared irradiation. Moreover, the developed method, based on the multifunctional materials, characterized by its rapid, sensitive, and efficient, was successfully applied to fresh shrimp samples, thus validating its potential for rapid pathogen diagnosis and contributing to the establishment of a safety control system of food and environmental detection process.

An Advanced Review: Polyurethane-Related Dressings for Skin Wound Repair.

The inability of wounds to heal effectively through normal repair has become a burden that seriously affects socio-economic development and human health. The therapy of acute and chronic skin wounds still poses great clinical difficulty due to the lack of suitable functional wound dressings. It has been found that dressings made of polyurethane exhibit excellent and diverse biological properties, but lack the functionality of clinical needs, and most dressings are unable to dynamically adapt to microenvironmental changes during the healing process at different stages of chronic wounds. Therefore, the development of multifunctional polyurethane composite materials has become a hot topic of research. This review describes the changes in physicochemical and biological properties caused by the incorporation of different polymers and fillers into polyurethane dressings and describes their applications in wound repair and regeneration. We listed several polymers, mainly including natural-based polymers (e.g., collagen, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid), synthetic-based polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylamide), and some other active ingredients (e.g., LL37 peptide, platelet lysate, and exosomes). In addition to an introduction to the design and application of polyurethane-related dressings, we discuss the conversion and use of advanced functional dressings for applications, as well as future directions for development, providing reference for the development and new applications of novel polyurethane dressings.

Sound absorption performance of micro-perforated plate sandwich structure based on triply periodic minimal surface

The sandwich structure based on Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is a lightweight and high-strength multifunctional composite material that combines the versatility of heat exchange, impact resistance, and energy absorption, and has been widely used in various fields such as aviation and aerospace. However, its sound absorption performance has not meant fully studied. In this paper, a Micro-perforated plate Diamond sandwich structure (MPP-DSS) was designed based on TPMS method, which was composed of aluminum alloy solid panel, aluminum alloy macroscopically ordered porous Diamond structure and aluminum alloy micro-perforated plate. The acoustic absorption performance in low and medium frequency band was studied by impedance tube method. The results show that MPP-DSS has higher absorption coefficient and bandwidth than traditional perforated plate structure with the same structural parameters. Increasing the thickness of micro-perforated plate can improve the sound absorption capacity of MPP-DSS in the low frequency range, but the width of the sound absorption band will be narrowed accordingly. Different from the resonant sound absorption mechanism of the traditional perforated plate structure, the sound absorption mechanism of MPP-DSS is the combined effect of resonant sound absorption and friction loss sound absorption. This study broadens the versatility of the TPMS structure and can serve as a reference for the design of integrated load-bearing and sound-absorbing structures.