Multidisciplinary Exchange Research Articles

Beyond a Game: A Narrative Review of Psychopathic Traits in Sporting Environments.

There has been a growing interest around the broader effects of psychopathic traits, particularly in relation to deviant behaviors and the notion of so-called "successful psychopathy". As significant sociocultural touchstones, sporting events are often characterized by competitiveness and a sense of prestige. However, there has been limited attention towards psychopathic traits across recreational, amateur, and elite sports. Accordingly, we conducted a narrative review synthesizing primary observations on this topic, searching keywords in Scopus, APA PsychNet, and PubMed. Twenty-four academic papers were included in our results, which we thematized around demographic groups, namely: athletes and sport-adjacent non-athletes (i.e., coaches and spectators). Based on empirical findings from the reviewed papers, psychopathic traits could have medicolegal and forensic implications in relation to substance use, aggression, and violence. These could intersect with wider issues around doping, cheating, foul play, and have adverse outcomes for fellow participants, team dynamics, and spectators. Interestingly, our review also indicates that psychopathic traits may have correlations with determination and achievement in sport, echoing developing ideas around "successful psychopathy" in other domains. As such, increased awareness from all stakeholders and further multidisciplinary exchanges are vital to better understand the effects of psychopathic traits in sporting frameworks and their wider consequences.

Allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques et traitement par CAR-T cells – repérage des facteurs de vulnérabilité psycho-sociale : recommandations de la Société francophone de greffe de moelle et de thérapie cellulaire (SFGM-TC)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) and CAR-T cells therapy are treatments with curative aim for certain hematological malignancies, refractory or relapse. Nevertheless, they carry the risk of morbidity and mortality and may have a significant psychosocial impact, particularly for HCT. It is therefore necessary to identify psychological difficulties and social problems, as well as the patient's resources, and those of his entourage, in order to improve his overall management. The objective of this evaluation is not to pose contraindications to treatments, but to adapt the personalized care project. This identification must be carried out early on in the pre-HCT assessment journey to enable the implementation of appropriate actions by the various care providers. Based on a review of the literature, we designed a psychosocial data collection grid that can be initiated in pre-transplant and updated by accompanying the patient at each stage of follow-up (discharge from hospital, day-hospital follow-up, D100evaluation). This grid is divided into 3axes: socio-family context, psychological and somatic aspects. This tool allows the traceability of the interventions of different professionals and is a support for multidisciplinary exchanges.

Frailty als Herausforderung im klinischen Alltag

In order to prevent short-term complication, patients with frailty syndrome require special attention and care in the perioperative context. The implementation of a frailty screening and if possible, an advanced geriatric assessment in the clinical routine should take into account the clinical setting, the patient population as well as time and human resources. Individual treatment pathways must allow for a multidisciplinary exchange and a multimodal approach when dealing with these challenging patients. Key aspects of such pathways include physiotherapeutic interventions, nutritional counselling, adequate pain medication, delirium prevention, patient blood management and extended perioperative monitoring. An interdisciplinary shared decision-making process together with patients can help develop realistic and individual treatment concepts to improve safety and outcome of frail patients.

Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to reflect on sustainability research

The COVID-19 pandemic has jolted societies out of normality, possibly creating new conditions for sustainability transformations. What does this mean for sustainability research? Because of the scope of the crisis, researchers have been heavily involved: not only have they had to speed up the pace of scientific production to provide urgently needed COVID-19 knowledge, but they have also been affected citizens. For sustainability science, this calls for an experience-based reflection on the positionality and orientation of research aiming to support sustainability transformations. Twenty sustainability researchers discussed their sustainability research on COVID-19 in three workshops based on the following questions: How does the pandemic—and the measures taken to deal with it—affect sustainable development? What can we learn from the pandemic from the perspective of societal transformation? The present discussion paper emerged from this multidisciplinary exchange among sustainability researchers, considering five topics: impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on sustainability transformations; learning for sustainability transformations; the role of solidarity; governance and political steering; and the role of science in society. Our discussions led to a meta-level reflection on what sustainability research can learn from research on COVID-19 regarding topics and disciplinary angles, time dimensions, the role of researchers, and how adequate preparation for both crises and long-term transformations requires interdisciplinary interaction.

Incertitudes et crises épistémiques en périnatalité : Bébé Sapiens ou Bébé Demens ?

ContextIf scientific growth crises are occurring in all fields of knowledge, the field of perinatal care seems particularly exposed because of the central problem of the transmission of life between generations. The heuristic position of the baby makes it an indicator of the times. Ours is a fruitful period, open to multidisciplinary exchanges; we have an unprecedented capacity for interdisciplinary arguments for understanding the construction of the baby subject. However, there is a risk of an impoverished debate, even the extinction of this diversity, as different factions withdraw into rigid “biologizing” or “educational” positions. GoalsThis complexity requires a transversal meta-epistemological reflection on the different methods and on their implicits: their blind spots, of which we give a few examples. Consider the disruptions related to the recent surge of pseudo-organizations, pseudo-expertise, forged with great financial resources but erasing, in a way, collective progress in improving practices? What about arbitrary divisions of the newborn, which are based neither on the fine physiology of this unique moment for both mother and baby, nor on the group capacity – customary collective scansions – that the socius never fails to provide? How can we measure the presence of deregulated destructiveness in these unregulated proposals, made glaring by the major environmental crisis that we are going through? MethodWithin various scientific fields, the trend is towards an impoverishment of the diversity of approaches that forged the discipline. Observing an irrational sidelining of psychoanalysis in the field of perinatal care, the author hypothesizes a hatred of psychoanalysis: a cyclical – rather than structural – phenomenon oscillating between moments of a “hatred of the meta position” and its obverse, a “fascination with the meta position.” ResultsThe (envious) attack would come from a false perception of psychoanalysis as overbearing, a corpus convinced of its singular, supreme hold on the truth. Will the notion of the narcissism of small differences shed light on the irrationality at work? The author then argues that the “meta-logical level” is nevertheless essential to the survival of each complex thought system. An examination of the excessively rapid evolution of attempts by physical science to model our representation of mental life, from thermodynamics, cybernetics, and (more recently) quantum physics, is offered as a “panorama” from which we can observe recent qualitative leaps of unprecedented scale. FindingsThe challenge of a societal metabolization of these fractures is significant; and the efforts of the philosophy of science in search of paradigms for an interdisciplinary dialogue is commendable. It is urgent to renew our points of view and to allow for conceptual changes. The author suggests turning to comparative anthropology as a way to provoke this ontological change.

Primary healthcare and COVID-19 in France: contributions of a research network including practitioners and researchers

The COVID-19 epidemic represented a major challenge for the primary care sector. We present the results of an interprofessional collaborative research endeavor conducted by the ACCORD network to describe primary care actors' and organizations' response to the first wave of the epidemic and national lockdown in France. This work draws from quantitative and qualitative material. The quantitative data results from the cross-analysis of the six online surveys carried out by the ACCORD network between March and May 2020, among general practitioners, midwives, and multi-professional primary care organizations in France. This data was enriched by collective multi-professional and multi-disciplinary exchanges conducted in virtual focus groups during an online seminar. There was a significant decrease in primary care activity during the first wave of the epidemic. Many primary care actors adapted their organizations to lower the risk of coronavirus transmission while maintaining access and continuity of care. Professionals received and used information from multiple sources. The crisis revealed both the importance and the diversity of local networks of exchange and collaboration. Primary care actors adapted quickly and with important local variability to the COVID epidemic, highlighting the importance of pre-existing organizations and collaborations at the local level.

Exclusion, Engagement, and Empathy: Revisiting Public Discourse from a Communication Perspective

ABSTRACT The idea for this special issue arose from years of multidisciplinary exchange on participation and communication in technology and medicine. Which epistemological, normative, and empirical questions do arise, when endeavors of public participation deal with rejection, skepticism, and critique? This question guides our multidisciplinary perspectives. The empirical examples and theoretical accounts point out that moral justification and social effects of deliberative techniques are as controversial as the question of how to deal with moral dissent. Comprised of five interdisciplinary accounts and followed by two comments, this collection offers a complex picture of deliberative processes. These accounts show that discourses at the intersection of academia, policy, and public institutions tend to render skeptical positions as irrational, personal, or uninformed attitudes, countering them with different techniques. These techniques, so our underlying hypothesis, can be clustered into three types: exclusion, engagement, and empathy. Consequently, the papers ask which prerequisites are needed to engage in deliberations about science and technology; they analyze what happens when engagement fails due to social exclusion or misrecognition; and they scrutinize the epistemic and moral functions of empathy in deliberative engagement. The two comments summarize these papers from a viewpoint of trust and epistemic injustice.

The use of videoconferencing in psychogeriatrics, a pilot experiment

The Alzheimer's plans have led to significant progress in the care management of elderly people suffering from Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia, but the medical and social network remains fragmented in geriatrics. We have proposed to caregivers a monthly videoconference combining expert presentations and discussion of clinical cases. Several health professions were represented. The main positive point was the time saved. The videoconferencing improved multidisciplinary exchanges, especially for patients with complex problems and their families.

A hub of high quality PhD education across Switzerland: SSPH+ Inter-university Graduate Campus

Abstract Background Due to the lack of critical masses, no Swiss university offers a full PhD education in public health sciences. Separate programs are inefficient and limit students' access to multi-disciplinary exchange. To address these problems, the Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) launched the Inter-university Graduate Campus (IGC) as a hub of high quality inter-disciplinary training offered across Switzerland. The SSPH+ Foundation, initiated by six universities (2005), meanwhile assembles 12 Swiss universities to represent the virtual inter-university multi-disciplinary faculty of > 250 public health science professors and their research teams. Objectives The IGC provides PhD students state-of-the art training and access to inter-disciplinary research, teaching and networking with SSPH+ scientists throughout the country. The IGC Academic Board with representatives of 12 universities defines study recommendations and the course program. IGC meetings strengthen the inter-university exchange among students and supervisors. The SSPH+ IGC Internship Program widens career tracks in non-academic institutions. Results Currently 298 PhD students (190 women, 108 men) enrolled in 7 partner universities and from 74 countries are part of the IGC. IGC includes courses in methods, public health science topics, and soft skills, taught by international experts. The Academic Board and student representatives are working on study recommendations, and a challenging state-of-the-art course program. The IGC coordinator leads the quality assurance which includes standardized evaluation procedures of all courses. Conclusions The IGC is a remarkable nationwide collaboration across language regions, universities, and disciplinary borders in a country where single universities lack resources for multi-disciplinary PhD-trainings in public health sciences. Swiss as well as international PhD students enrolled in the IGC and their supervisors benefit from this unique training innovation. Key messages The SSPH+ Inter-university Graduate Campus, as a Swiss hub of high quality teaching in public health sciences for PhD students, is an innovative and contemporary approach for small countries. Students benefit from an excellent inter-university and inter-disciplinary public health education, an international network and an easy access to innovative, comprehensive, up-to-date teaching.

A Web Server to Store the Modeled Behavior Data and Zone Information of the Multidisciplinary Product Model in the CAD Systems

This work focuses on the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) for the multidisciplinary product modeling. Requirement Functional Logical Physical (RFLP) structure has emerged as one of the prominent approaches for modeling the multidisciplinary products. To simplify HCI of a RFLP structured product model, Information Content (IC)provides effective communication and interaction. Though it controls the RFLP level by the Multilevel Abstraction based Self-Adaptive Denition (MAAD) structure. However, it needs a application to represent the modeled behavior data and zone information of an multidisciplinary product model. Further, IC application require a interface to interact with the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) based an multidisciplinary product model application and exchange the information between the database of the servers. As per the knowledge of authors, no work has been done yet on the HCI of the IC. Therefore, this paper propose a Content Web server, where IC application is used to store the modeled behavior data and zone information of the multidisciplinary product model. Then, Content database is created to store the Layer Info-Chunk (LiC) entities information of the multidisciplinary product model. Finally, communication between the Content server and CAD server is done to represent the IC application interface in the multidisciplinary product application. The Apache Tomcat server, PostgreSQL database and RESTful web service are used to implement the operations.

Studying Industrial Decarbonisation: Developing an Interdisciplinary Understanding of the Conditions for Transformation in Energy-Intensive Natural Resource-Based Industry

The ambition to keep global warming well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, as recognised in the Paris Agreement, implies a reorientation towards low-carbon societal development and, ultimately, the decarbonisation of human societies and economies. While climate policy has been geared towards achieving set emission reduction targets, the decarbonisation of key socioeconomic sectors such as energy-intensive natural resource-based industries (ENRIs) has not yet been sufficiently addressed, neither politically nor in science. Decarbonising the ENRIs is a complex societal problem that will require structural transformation technologically as well as socially. Understanding the conditions for transformative change therefore necessitates integrated knowledge from multiple perspectives of different research fields. In this paper, we examine the potential of combining three different research fields and critically scrutinize the challenges to integration for understanding the conditions for industrial decarbonisation: energy system analysis, sustainability transition research and policy studies. We argue that these perspectives are complementary—a fundamental condition for fruitful integration—but not easily compatible since they are sometimes based on different ontological assumptions. The research fields are in themselves heterogeneous, which poses additional challenges to an integrated research approach. Drawing on experiences from a Swedish research project (GIST2050) on industrial decarbonisation, we suggest a modest approach to integrated research that could progressively develop from multidisciplinary exchange towards more integrated forms of interdisciplinarity by means of cross-disciplinary dialogue and understanding.

Poisons in the Twentieth Century: Unpunished Crimes, Slow Violence and the Role of History

This article will provide a review of recent historical scholarship on toxic products. It will start by discussing studies on the history of nineteenth-century criminal poisoning and continue with recent literature on twentieth-century toxic hazards in workplaces, agriculture, foodstuffs and the environment. The aim is to highlight continuities and changes in historical studies on poisons and toxic risks over the last two decades. The author will review the main studies which have guided his own research while describing the main trends in crime history studies, environmental history and the history of public and occupational health. He contends that the area will benefit from more multidisciplinary exchanges in order to consolidate its position in current public debates.

Състояние и перспективи на икономическото развитие

The Institute of Economic Research (IER) at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS) was the organizer and host of the traditional autumn international scientific conference held on 29-30 November 2018. The conference was attended by researchers from Bulgaria, Macedonia, Slovenia, Poland and Kazakhstan. During the two-day forum, 48 papers were presented by 65 authors - representatives of 5 foreign academic institutions, 3 subdivisions of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS, BAS, RAS, Ruse), the Agricultural Academy, 14 universities from the country, as well as from the business and non-profit sectors, which enabled a multidisciplinary exchange of ideas, opinions and results of analyses of the state and prospects for the development of the economy of Bulgaria and other countries. Young scientists showed a keen interest in the conference theme - nearly half of the papers were prepared individually or in co-authorship with habilitated scientists and lecturers and presented by senior assistants, assistant professors and PhD students from the country and abroad.

The Designer as Facilitator of Multidisciplinary Innovation Projects

Designers increasingly facilitate multidisciplinary innovation projects. The user-centred design approach offers the opportunity to increase idea generation, co-creation and multidisciplinary exchange and convey more flexible and open innovation process approaches. However, we have little knowledge about how the designer as facilitator influences these innovation projects. This becomes however more and more important, as more open and networked innovation have become prominent innovation paradigms. This paper explores the contribution that designers bring into multidisciplinary settings. It is based on empirical data from three case studies. It contributes to extant literature on designers as facilitators by identifying the interplay between different levels of creative facilitation as moderating factor for the fulfilment level of the collaboration. We propose to include the balancing of this interplay as additional input of facilitating designers.

Veredas hacia el desarrollo: una retro mirada a nuestro municipio almendreño en Río San Juan

El presente artículo se ha elaborado en el marco del proyecto “Un estudio local para el desarrollo: historia del departamento de Río San Juan y sus municipios”, que la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua (UNAN-Managua) ha liderado como parte de una tarea del Consejo Nacional de Universidades (CNU). El proyecto consiste en un intercambio multidisciplinar de estudiantes y docentes que realizaron trabajo de campo en los seis municipios de Río San Juan (Morrito, El Almendro, San Miguelito, San Carlos, El Castillo y San Juan de Nicaragua), obteniendo como resultado tres productos: un diagnóstico, una propuesta de plan de acompañamiento territorial y un libro de la historia de cada municipio. En este marco nace la motivación de compartir reflexiones sobre el desarrollo de la localidad del municipio El Almendro, un municipio con capacidad forestal, pero sin la vocación de sus habitantes, un municipio que ha surgido y se ha recuperado de situaciones complejas como el hecho de haber sido una zona de combate durante la revolución (1979 – 1990). Los diferentes momentos históricos del municipio muestran que la dimensión económica viene cobrando peso sobre otras dimensiones del desarrollo, donde la sostenibilidad, representada por el respeto y protección a la naturaleza como proveedora de bienes y salud, se aleja de la perspectiva de vida en la localidad.

The effectiveness of educational interventions in university training on hospital hygiene: results of action research.

The Italian Study Group of Hospital Hygiene of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health promoted and conducted a study on teaching hospital hygiene, with particular reference to the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections, with the aim of developing effective educational material starting from the results collected. First of all, a survey was carried out, targeting lecturers in hospital hygiene, with the purpose of investigating their perceptions regarding this issue. The available scientific literature was also reviewed in order to identify effective educational/teaching strategies for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections, so that valid training interventions could be subsequently developed. Finally, a trial-training intervention was implemented, and specific audio-visual teaching material was also tested. The overall response rate to the survey was 42%, with good country-wide representativeness. The level of awareness of hospital hygiene issues by students resulted higher among trainee nurses (65%) than among medical students (44%). The teaching staff identified alternative educational methodologies to substitute the classical lecture (e.g.: case discussions) and, in most cases, the alternative solution appeared to be preferable. The teaching of hospital hygiene was better integrated with other disciplines and professional training activities in the degree courses for nurses than in those for doctors; the total number of hours assigned to such teaching was variable. The literature review highlighted that various educational approaches are used. The most common are presentations or lectures, but videos, posters, questionnaires and e-learning strategies are also used. Combining different instruments when designing an educational programme has proven to be an effective strategy. The training activity tested was positively evaluated by the participants; the possibility of multidisciplinary exchange of knowledge was particularly appreciated. Having considered the issue of teaching hospital hygiene from the points of view of the different protagonists involved (educators and students), this enabled us to develop useful training material and a proposal for a shared educational intervention. The subject of hospital hygiene, in particular the one related to the prevention of healthcare-associated infections, is addressed in various courses and with different modalities; it is, therefore, important to standardize course contents and teaching methods, in order to facilitate multidisciplinary debate, especially starting from case studies.

Arteriovenous Malformations: Clinical Aspects and Surgical Results

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are vascular malformations, broadband, formed of arterial and venous dysmorphic vessels interconnected directly without transition in a capillary bed. Arteriovenous malformation surgery is particularly demanding owing to the need to control bleeding. This is probably one of the most critical moments of arteriovenous malformation surgery. The purpose of this study is to analyzed the clinical aspects and evaluate the results of surgery in the treatment of these AVMs. This is a retrospective and descriptive study that took place in Dakar over a period from January 2004 to December 2017 on patients operated for arteriovenous malformations. The total number of our series was 11 cases. These AVMs represented 32.35% of all tumors and vascular malformations operated during this period. The mean age at surgery was 25 years old [1 year-56 years old]. A male predominance was noted with 7 male to 4 female (sex ratio 1.75). The average time of consultation was 8.3 years [1 months-30 months]. The main reason for consultation was the appearance of a mass in 11 cas. We noted a notion of traumatism or recent surgery were done in 4/11 before the onset of symptoms. The location of the lesions was at the head or the face (5 cases), neck (1 case), the upper member (2 cases), the lower member (3 cases). No multiple location were noted. After physical examination, two patients were classified Schobinger stage 1, stage 2 in 7 cases, 2 cases in stage 3. No patient was classified stage 4. The vascular Doppler ultrasound was performed in 10 cases (91%) and allowed to confirm the diagnosis in 10 cases. The CT angiography was performed in 8 cases (73%). It elicited the feeding artery and draining veins, the number of nidus and topography. We found 6 truncal AVM and 5 extratruncal including 4 limited. A first embolization was performed in 2 cases (18.2%). A one-stage surgery was performed in 7 cases and two times in 4 cases. The average hospital stay was 15 days [3 days-60 days]. The average healing time was 18 days [15 days-30 days]. Operative mortality as early mortality was zero. Late mortality was zero. The average follow-up time was 50.3 months [2 months-96 months]. In recent years, the multidisciplinary approach of tumors and vascular malformations has made important advances in the delineation of nosological frameworks and in the understanding of the natural history and structure of these complex lesions. This is why the treatment of these AVMs requires a multidisciplinary consultation exchange between vascular surgeons, plastic surgeons, interventional radiologists and anesthetists.

The existing problems and suggestion on the development of hospital post-doctoral scientific re-search station

This study explored the current problems regarding post-doctoral scientific research sta-tion including rigid system, low fund coverage, uncooperative team, lack of innovation and independent research capacities etc. To address above-mentioned problems, the assessment process of admission to the research station should be defined, multidisciplinary academic exchanges enhanced, evaluation and incen-tive mechanism developed, reasonable restraint mechanism for supervisors established, and self-management of the students carried out and practical funding projects supplemented, thus cultivating a team of high-level medical talents to lead the disciplinary development. Key words: Hospital; Post-doctoral scientific research station; Talent management

The future of family farming: A literature review on innovative, sustainable and succession-oriented strategies

Family farms are exposed to severe economic, political, social and ecological changes. To enable intra-family succession and to safeguard the long-term survival of the farm, farming families are therefore increasingly forced to pursue market-driven, innovative and sustainable strategies. A multitude of different research areas has dedicated its research to the future of family farming and a synthesis of the existing literature on innovation, succession and sustainability in family farming seems timely and relevant. The purpose of this article is to systematically review and critically reflect on 53 articles addressing factors related to innovative, sustainable and succession-oriented strategies in family farming. As a theoretical framework, we apply the resource-based view. Findings indicate a strong fragmentation of approaches in all three topics making a cumulative progress of knowledge challenging. Furthermore, we notice a lack of theoretical references in the majority of articles reviewed. This implies the problem that the findings lack connectivity to each other which makes a scientific discourse between the different areas that contribute to research on family farms difficult. From a methodological point of view, research on family farms is rigorous. However, there is room for improvement when it comes to the development of theoretically grounded and empirically approved measurement scales. Furthermore, to stimulate multidisciplinary exchanges, we highlight recent developments in family business research with regard to innovation, sustainability and succession in family businesses and discuss their possible implications for research on family farms.

Assessing the Level of Knowledge of Emergency Department Physicians in Recognition of Common Skin Lesions

Background: Dermatological conditions are a frequent reason for consultation at the emergency department (ED). The advent of Teledermatology has reduced inaccurate diagnoses and unnecessary hospitalisations. We aim to assess the level of knowledge of ED physicians in recognition of common skin lesions. This can further suggest improvements in continuous medical education as well as the medical school dermatology curriculum and evaluate the educational and service value of Teledermatology. Methods and findings: ED Physicians in a tertiary hospital in Singapore were surveyed with a 15-slides questionnaire based on identification of common dermatological and life-threatening conditions in the local population. The final summative score out of a maximum total of 15 showed average scores of medical officers, registrars and consultants to be 9.9 (66%), 7.3 (48%) and 11 (73%) respectively. Correlation analyses performed for years of practice and scores showed a value of -0.341. Conclusions: A negative correlation between years of medical practice and questionnaire scores prompts further opportunities for continued medical education and multidisciplinary exchange of knowledge.