Multidimensional Orientation Research Articles

Death attitudes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients: A mixed-methods study

Research shows the significance of death attitudes for the mental health of somatically ill people, but findings that focus on multidimensionality in processing death are scarce. Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) report shortness of breath, pain and anxiety about suffocation and high mental distress. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach from 64 hospitalized COPD patients, we examined how they cope with mortality. We conducted a narrative interview with two questions. Patients completed the Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F). Findings reveal a spectrum of death-related narratives, with most patients reporting at least 3 different attitudes. The sample showed below average scores in the Rejection of One’s Own Death and Dying subscale of the MODDI-F. Assessing death attitudes using two simple questions proved highly applicable in this population and may serve as a potential approach to engage patients in discussions about existential matters, as suggested in the literature.

Determining the Effect of Psychological Resilience on Death, the Fear of Death, and Death Acceptance in Nursing Students in Turkey.

This study will investigate the effects of psychological resilience on death, fear of death and acceptance of death in nursing students. This study was descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample of the study consisted of 270 students who voluntarily participated. The data were collected using a descriptive characteristics questionnaire, the resilience scale for adults (RSA) and the multidimensional orientation to death and dying inventory MODDI-F. A positive and significant correlation was found between the Acceptance Subscale, RSA and MODDI-F subscale scores. Nursing students' attitudes towards death and dying are affected by their psychological resilience. Psychological resilience should be increased because nursing students are candida for future caregivers. For this reason, within the scope of the findings of the study, it is recommended that during the theoretical and practical nursing education process, students should be reinforced by conducting studies on the dying patient through educational teaching methods such as role play and case presentations. In addition, ıt is thought that an interview or focus group on nursing students' psychological resilience and attitudes towards death can provide a more comprehensive source of information on the subject.

The effect of Multidimensional Orientation Program on the Clinical Competence of Beginner Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units: a Quasi-Experimental Study

The effect of Multidimensional Orientation Program on the Clinical Competence of Beginner Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units: a Quasi-Experimental Study

Introduction of the French version of the Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F/fre)

Research on death-related attitudes needs complex assessment instruments for multicultural contexts. The French version of the Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory was factor analytically constructed with data from Europe and Canada (N = 370). The 24-item instrument with five and three scales in the fear and acceptance domain, respectively, shows favorable psychometric properties. The influence of social desirability is negligible. Women tended to express stronger fears and weaker acceptance of dying and death. Gender differences emerged concerning Fear of One’s Own Dying and Fear of Corpses, with women scoring higher than men on both dimensions. The importance of assessing attitudes toward dying and death transdiagnostically is outlined.

Evaluating end-of-life care capacity building training for home care nurses

BackgroundWith the rapidly aging population, the quality of end-of-life (EOL) care has become a significant issue. As the majority of deaths in Hong Kong (HK) currently occur in public hospitals, promoting palliative home care can relieve hospital burden and provide good deaths. There is a practical need to properly educate and train nurses on the skills to provide EOL care in home care settings. ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of the first EOL care training program for nurses working in home care settings or nursing homes on quality of life at work, orientation toward dying and death, and self-competence in death work. DesignA pre-experimental research design was utilized to conduct this study using a one-group pretest and posttest approach. Settings and participantsA convenience sample of 153 nurses working in home care settings or nursing homes in HK was selected. MethodsParticipating nurses attended two-day entry-level and seven-day advanced-level courses. Quality of life at work, multidimensional orientation toward dying and death, and self-competence in death work were assessed using questionnaires at baseline and immediately after entry- and advanced-level training. ResultsThe results revealed that nurses reported a higher level of compassion satisfaction (d = 2.52, p < 0.001), less burnout at work (d = −3.25, p = 0.045), less fear about their own death (d = −1.33, p = 0.019), and more acceptance of others' deaths (d = 1.07, p = 0.004) in post-advanced-level courses. In general, participants were satisfied with the delivery method, duration, and logistical arrangement of the courses. ConclusionsNurses reported improved professional quality of life, less fear, and more acceptance toward death and dying after the training program. More educational strategies, such as role-play and case study discussions, are needed to improve the overall learning experience and effectiveness of the program. Future studies could add a qualitative component to yield deeper insights through the findings. As training programs allow nurses to cultivate their skills in clinical situations, there is an undeniable need to continue implementing standardized education and training for palliative care nurses to improve EOL care quality.

Explore, engage, empower: methodological insights into a transformative mixed methods study tackling the COVID-19 lockdown

Action-oriented, transformative, and transdisciplinary approaches are increasingly heralded as promising tools that enable researchers not only to produce new knowledge about a situation, but also to actively engage in tackling it; however, such approaches raise critical questions about the methodological implications and conflicts involved in pursuing multiple objectives concurrently. This article seeks to advance this debate by examining the methodological implications of pursuing both knowledge production-oriented (epistemic) and action-oriented (transformative) objectives in urgent and uncertain situations. It asks how far a transformative mixed methods research design can leverage the potential of research to achieve multiple objectives in times of crisis. This methodological inquiry is based on a transformative mixed methods study on housing conditions and well-being which was initiated during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland. The study was composed of a country-wide survey, mobile crowdsourcing, interviews and Citizen Think Tanks. The results of this methodological reflection illustrate how this research design made it possible to (i) explore the effects of the crisis on domestic living spaces, (ii) engage with the crisis in a joint research space, and (iii) stimulate empowerment through reflection and mutual learning. These insights suggest the multidimensional orientation of the transformative mixed methods approach is appropriate for acting upon urgent crises. However, it challenges core methodological values and research constellations including (i) tackling unequal engagement opportunities, (ii) navigating social and epistemic control, and (iii) paying attention to situatedness and positionality. The article concludes that, in anticipation of future crises, favorable conditions for multi-targeted, collaborative research need to be fostered, both on the institutional and on personal levels. These conditions should enable fast and adequate team formation, as well as reflection and negotiation of positionalities, and divergent interests and objectives, of both scientists and citizens.

Dimensions of Death-Related Attitudes in a French-Speaking Sample.

This study examines the structure of death-related attitudes among French-speaking people. Participants from Canada, Belgium, France, and from Switzerland whose mother tongue was French in an online survey responded to the French adaptation of the item pool of the Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI; N = 373). Exploratory factor analyses with orthogonal and oblique rotation yielded a 5-factor Fear domain and a 3-factor Acceptance domain, thereby reproducing the a-priori conceptualization. These results are discussed with respect to the issue of universal dimensions of death-related attitudes across cultures.

ARISTOTLE’S ETHIC IN RELATION TO EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN KENYA: PHRONÊSIS PRAXIS PERSPECTIVE

Since time in memorial human beings have been in pursuit of moral values and right conduct. It has remained a challenge to lead an honest and earnest life despite going through formal training. Aristotle argues that virtue is a habit and can be learned and gained through practice. The study therefore attempts to examine Aristotle’s theory of virtue in the Nicomechean Ethics and trace the implications in the contemporary Kenyan society. Consequently, education and training are inadequate in several ways, there is need for education to embrace multidimensional orientation to ensure lifelong learning, moral and mental training for learners towards self-actualization in virtue and integrity. Article visualizations:

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation Success Factors To Muslim SME Success

This study presentsa research of the multidimensional entrepreneurial orientation (innovation, risk and proactive) in relation to the Muslim SME success. Thus far, past literatures shown that limited study of Muslim SME success. This study was conducted in the form of survey, with data being gathered from 122 firms (operating above 3 years) selected through simple random sampling from 2286 Muslim SME in Malaysia. The results show that innovation and proactivefactors have relationshipsto SME Muslim success. The results shed new light on the theory and practice. This finding contributes to RBV theory and to the field of Islamic entrepreneurship focusing on Muslim SME success.

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Orientation Success Factors to Muslim SMESuccess

This studypresentsa research of the multidimensional entrepreneurial orientation (innovation, risk and proactive) in relation to the Muslim SME success. Thus far, past literatures shown that limited study of Muslim SME success. This study was conducted in the form of survey, with data being gathered from 122 firms (operating above 3 years) selected through simple random sampling from 2286 Muslim SME in Malaysia. The results show that innovation and proactivefactorshave relationshipsto SME Muslim success. The results shed new light on the theory and practice. This finding contributestoRBV theory and to the field of Islamic entrepreneurship focusing on Muslim SME success.

IMPLICATIONS OF ARISTOTLE’S THEORY OF EDUCATION TO TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN KENYA

Since ancient civilizations, education and training has been regarded as the tool for individual and societal development. All developing nation thus have embraced education and training as part of state agenda in realizing better citizenry and societal growth. In Kenya various efforts in reforming Technical education and training in order to reorient training to the countries developmental agenda and empowering the youth for employability have been undertaken from time to time in order to review the relevance of education and training in Kenya. This paper attempts to analyze Aristotle’s metaphysical, ethical and epistemological principles with the view to render salient ideas that contribute to the formulation of worthwhile theories of education in the context of Kenya’s 21st century realities. In addition, Aristotle’s views “experiential learning” and “lifelong learning” are analyzed. Consequently, it is evident that contemporary education in Kenya is inadequate in several ways. It is therefore recommended that education in Kenya should embrace a multidimensional orientation that ensures the physical development, mental development and moral development for realization of individual empowerment. Article visualizations:

Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory Among Students

Objective: Attitude toward dying and death is a conceptual response to the various aspectsof death, which is based on an individual’s psychosocial and cultural experiences. Thepresent study aimed

The Multidimensional Orientation toward Dying and Death Inventory: validity and reliability in a Turkey sample

Objective: Death anxiety is universal and influenced by many personal, cultural and linguistic features. The Multidimensional Orientation toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F) is a measure of ‘death anxiety’ and ‘death acceptance’. The aim of this study is to scale the validity and reliability study in Turkey. Methods: The study consisted of Turkey were created by selecting one of the seven regions. These include Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir, Mersin, Samsun, Sanliurfa, and Erzurum. The sample number is 402 persons, 52% male and 48% female. Analysis of the data was done with SPSS 22 program and it was worked with 95% confidence level. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed with the AMOS 21.0 program to determine the validity of the scale. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients were calculated to determine its reliability. Results: Multidimensional Assessment of Dying and Death Inventory was first translated into Turkish, then to German, and as a result, a single text was obtained with the language association. Scale There are two dimensions as the dimen-sion of fear and the dimension of acceptance. Fear scale total variance explanation rate is 43,44%; the reliability coefficient is 0.950. Explanation of the total variance of the acceptance scale is 50,21%; the reliability coefficient is 0,678. Discussion: Factor distribution of the subscales differs according to the original scale. The names of the subscales are adapted to Turkish culture. According to these results, MODDI-F Turkish form has been shown to be a valid scale for its validity and reliability.

Representaciones y prácticas socioculturales asociadas al destete precoz en un grupo de madres adolescentes venezolanas

Background: In Venezuela, the practice of breastfeeding among adolescent mothers has been based on inadequate guidelines which has resulted in early weaning. It is important to study this phenomenon from a multi-dimensional orientation, as the analysis of the sociocultural processes serves to clarify these guidelines and may help preserve a fundamental feeding practice. Objective: To understand the sociocultural practices associated with early weaning among a group of Venezuelan adolescent mothers from the subjective dimension of mental representations. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study is designed, using Grounded Theory to create a substantive theory. Additionally, participant observation and in-depth interviews were performed with 13 adolescent mothers. Results: Representations and sociocultural practices expressed themselves through three main linkages that highlight the pattern of abandonment of breastfeeding. First, the identity reconfiguration of the adolescent concerning breastfeeding was closely related to the apprehension of what maternity constitutes for others. Second, a discrepancy emerged between what is mentioned at the level of discourse and the putting in practice of this knowledge. Finally, the doctors and relatives played an influential role by suggesting the introduction of milk formulas from the first month of age. Conclusions: Breastfeeding is an acquired knowledge that requires the support from the family so it can be a successful event. The abandonment of breastfeeding is a phenomenon related with the perception the adolescent has about herself and how an identity is constructed.

Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety.

BackgroundDeath anxiety is regarded as a risk and maintaining factor of psychopathology. While the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety (ASDA) is a brief, commonly used assessment, such a tool is lacking in Chinese clinical practice.AimThe current study was conducted to develop a Chinese version of the ASDA, i.e., the ASDA(C), using a multistage back-translation technique, and examine the psychometric properties of the scale.MethodsA total of 1372 participants from hospitals and universities located in three geographic areas of China were recruited for this study. To calculate the criterion-related validity of the ASDA(C) compared to the Chinese version of the longer-form Multidimensional Orientation toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F/chin), 49 undergraduates were randomly assigned to complete both questionnaires. Of the total participants, 56 were randomly assigned to retake the ASDA(C) in order to estimate the one-week, test-retest reliability of the ASDA(C).ResultsThe overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91 for the whole scale. The one-week, test-retest reliability was 0.96. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed three factors, “fear of dead people and tombs,” “fear of lethal disease,” and “fear of postmortem events,” accounted for 57.09% of the total variance. Factor structure for the three-factor model was sound. The correlation between the total scores on the ASDA(C) and the MODDI-F/chin was 0.54, indicating acceptable concurrent validity.ConclusionsASDA(C) has adequate psychometrics and properties that make it a reliable and valid scale to assess death anxiety in Mandarin-speaking Chinese.

Student Perceptions of College Teacher Misbehaviors and Teacher Credibility as Perceived by Jordanian University Students

This study aimed to identify levels of teacher misbehavior and teacher credibility among a group of undergraduate students in Jordan, and investigate the relationship between them. Data were collected from a questionnaire in the fields of teacher misbehavior and teacher credibility were administered to a study sample of 273 male and female undergraduate students at the Hashemite University during the academic year 2015/2016. Results indicated that the student perception of both teacher misbehavior and teacher credibility was medium level. Moreover, results showed a negative and statistically significant relationship between irresponsibility and teacher credibility. Upon the findings of the current study, many recommendations were made to examine the psychometric qualities of the multidimensional perfectionism scale and motivation orientation scale in other populations such as secondary school students. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2p324

The Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F): Factorial Validity and Reliability in a U.S. Sample

ContextDeath anxiety has been hypothesized to be a transdiagnostic construct, meaning that the fear of death may increase one's vulnerability to the development or maintenance of a number of psychological disorders. As such, effective and efficient measurement of this construct becomes a priority for hospice and palliative medicine specialists. The Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F) is the only factor-analytically constructed multidimensional scale with a conceptual rationale that measures both the fear and acceptance of dying and death. ObjectivesTo determine the factor structure of the MODDI-F with an English-speaking sample, so as to expand the scale's potential for use in hospice and palliative medicine, clinical psychology, and thanatology research. MethodsParticipants comprise a random sample of 404 adults ranging in age from 20 to 85, stratified by sex, age, and ethnicity. They completed the 47-item MODDI-F/eng and were contacted five months later for a test-retest follow-up survey. ResultsAlthough confirmatory factor analyses did not fit the models previously found for the German- and Chinese-language versions of the MODDI-F, exploratory factor analyses resulted in a five-factor fear dimension and a two-factor acceptance dimension that were empirically and conceptually similar to the German- and Chinese-language versions. Additional psychometric analyses yielded evidence for the internal consistency reliability, five-month test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the seven-factor scores of the English-language MODDI-F. ConclusionThe results from this psychometric investigation of the English-language version of the MODDI-F are promising and warrant further investigation with clinical populations in hospice and palliative care settings.

Prediction of end-of-life fears in COPD – hoping for the best but preparing for the worst

Objective: The diagnosis of a life-threatening illness can trigger end-of-life fears. Early studies show that end-of-life fears play an important role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, predictors of these fears have not yet been identified. This study investigated the relevance of socio-demographic variables, illness severity, psychological distress and disease-specific anxieties as predictors of end-of-life fears in COPD.Design: A total of 131 COPD patients participated at two time points. Regression and mediation analyses, as well as cross-lagged panel analyses were conducted.Main outcome measures: The participants completed questionnaires assessing end-of-life fears (Multidimensional Orientation toward Dying and Death Inventory), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and disease-specific anxieties (COPD Anxiety Questionnaire). Pulmonary function and a 6-min walk test served as measures of illness severity.Results: Illness severity was not predictive of end-of-life fears. However, gender and psychological distress explained incremental variance. When disease-specific anxieties were included as additional predictors, psychological distress was no longer significant. Cross-lagged panel analyses mostly supported these results. Moreover, disease-specific anxieties mediated the association between psychological distress and end-of-life fears.Conclusion: Administration and intensity of end-of-life care (especially concerning end-of-life fears) in COPD patients should be based not only on illness severity, but rather on psychological distress and disease-specific anxieties.

Self-determined Motivation, Sportspersonship, and Sport Orientation: A Mediational Analysis

Abstract Our study proposed a path model of sportsperson ship using self-determined motivation as mediating variable and sport orientations as distal determinants. 166 competitive level athletes divided into two groups according to the type of sport (individual and team sports) completed a questionnaire composed of the Sport Orientation Questionnaire, the Sport Motivation Scale, the Multidimensional Sport Orientation Scale, and the socio-graphic section. Anova analysis and path meditational model were examined. Results showed main effects of gender and type of sports on sport orientations, and the indirect effects of sport orientations on sportsperson ship, as well as the meditational role of self-determined sport motivation.

Full-Dimensionality of Relating in Romantic Relationships

We propose that an orientation toward relating to one's romantic partner via multiple sensory channels has beneficial effects for the relationship, especially for long-distance relationships. We used Wicklund's (2004) conceptualisation of full-dimensionality of relating and Brehm's (1999) emotional intensity theory to test the effects of a sensory multidimensional orientation and difficulty of maintaining the romantic relationship on feelings of love and commitment. In Study 1, we tested 55 participants involved in a long-distance romantic relationship and found that a multidimensional orientation fended off the detrimental effects of difficulty of maintaining the relationship: when partners experienced high difficulty, those with a high orientation experienced more positive affect, love, and commitment than those with a low orientation. In Study 2, data from 31 long-distance and 23 geographically-close participants indicated that a high multidimensionality orientation had a greater positive impact in long-distance relationships than in geographically-close relationships. In Study 3, 40 long-distance participants were asked to write about two times when it was either difficult but possible or nearly impossible to maintain their current relationship. Positive affect for the partner, love, and desire to be with the partner in the future were highest for the participants in the possible condition who preferred relating to the partner on multiple sensory channels. Altogether, these studies underline the importance of multidimensional orientation in romantic relationships, especially when intimates perceive maintaining the relationship as being difficult but manageable. Theoretical and practical implications of this new concept of sensory multidimensionality orientation are discussed.