Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Research Articles

Relationship Between Body Image, Marital Offense-Specific Forgiveness, and Marital Happiness in Urban and Rural Married Women Aged 20 - 35

Background: Identifying the main factors that affect body image (BI) is of utmost importance within the realm of marital relationships. In light of this, the present study investigated the relationship between BI, marital offense-specific forgiveness (MOF), and marital happiness (MH) among married women aged 20 - 35, living in urban and rural areas in the city of Jahrom, Fars Province, Iran. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 608 married women aged 20 - 35, residing in urban and rural areas and referring to the comprehensive community health centers in the city of Jahrom, Fars province, Iran, selected by stratified-cluster sampling. For this purpose, the statistical population was divided into two groups, viz., the urban and rural women, and sampling was done in keeping with their population. The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), the Marital Happiness Scale (MHS), and the Marital Offense-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS) were further applied to collect the data, which were then analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software package. Results: Comparing the MHS mean scores showed a statistically significant difference between urban and rural women (P < 0.001). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was observed in the BI mean scores of the study groups, particularly in the appearance evaluation (AE) subscale (P < 0.001). The regression analysis results also demonstrated that MH could affect BI (P < 0.001) Conclusions: The study results revealed that MH and MOF could lead to a positive BI in married women.

The Association of Body Image Perceptions with Behavioral and Health Outcomes among Young Adults.

This study was conducted on 5 March 2024, by the Universidad Europea de Madrid. This study aims to explore how body image perceptions influence health behaviors and mental and physical health outcomes among a specific group of 605 young adults aged 20 to 35 engaged in strength training regimes. To measure these perceptions, the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was employed, an advanced tool that assesses multiple dimensions of body image through its subscales, including feelings of physical attractiveness, investment in one's appearance, and satisfaction with different body areas. Participants were segmented into two groups based on a median split of their self-reported body image. The survey assessed a diverse array of variables, including demographic details, physiological data, resistance training routines, and psychological attributes. In this revision, we consistently use the term 'dietary habits' to ensure clear and uniform language when discussing eating patterns. Notable differences were observed in dietary habits and exercise engagement, influenced significantly by body image perceptions. Negative body image was linked to less healthy dietary habits, diminished physical activity, and worse psychological outcomes, such as increased anxiety and depression. Conversely, a positive body image was associated with healthier dietary habits, more frequent physical activity, and better psychological health. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving body image could be crucial for enhancing overall health within this specific demographic. Due to the non-representative nature of the study group, conclusions are cautiously presented as applicable only to similar populations engaged in strength training. This study underscores the need for holistic strategies that encourage positive body image to improve both physical and psychological health outcomes in young adults.

Influence of Body Image, Risk of Eating Disorder, Psychological Characteristics, and Mood-Anxious Symptoms on Overweight and Obesity in Chilean Youth.

This study investigates the relationship between body image, eating disorders, psychological characteristics, and mood and anxiety symptoms in Chilean youth, with nutritional status, particularly overweight and obesity. With a sample of 1001 participants from five regions of Chile, aged 15 to 23 years. The Eating Disorder Inventory 3 (EDI-3), the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scales (MBSRQ_AS), and the Symptom Inventory Derogatis Revised (SCL90-R) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to analyze these variables. A model including nine exogenous (independent) variables and ten endogenous variables, based on a literature review, was evaluated by path analysis. The results show a significant association between factors such as sex, family history of overweight, self-classification by weight, and body dissatisfaction with body mass index (BMI). Eating behaviors such as overeating, and lack of appetite were also found to be influenced by interpersonal sensitivity, overweight preoccupation, and drive for thinness. The study underscores the importance of promoting a positive body image and addressing overweight/obesity from a combined health psychology and public health perspective, highlighting the need for interventions that consider nutritional status, and in particular overweight and obesity, as a phenomenon with multifactorial causes and maintainers.

Body image and weight loss diet behavior are related to nutritional status in female college students

Nutritional status is an important indicator of college student health. College students are included in the age group vulnerable to nutritional problems such as decreased diet quality and excessive weight. The study aims to determine the relationship between body image, mindful eating, and weight loss diet behavior with nutritional status in female college students. The study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted among female students at Esa Unggul University in 2022. A total of 122 subjects were selected using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling method. Nutritional status is measured by assessing Body Mass Index (BMI). The instruments used were the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) to assess body image, the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) to assess mindful eating, and the dietary behavior questionnaire to assess weight loss. Data were analyzed by chi-square test at CI:95%. The results showed that body image was related to thin (p= 0,004) and obese (p= 0,000) nutritional status. Dietary behavior for weight loss is associated with thin nutritional status (p= 0,010) but not with obesity (p= 0,389). In conclusion, nutritional status (BMI) is related to body image and weight loss diet behavior in female college students.

The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on the Improvement of Postmenopausal Women’s Body Image: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: The physiological changes in postmenopausal women, especially age-related physical changes, may lead to negative experiences in body image among these women. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on the negative body image of postmenopausal women. Methods: This parallel randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 22 eligible postmenopausal women attending a health care center in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2018. They were randomly selected and assigned to intervention and control groups (n = 11 per group). The intervention group attended eight 90-minute sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based on the Cash 8-step model. All participants completed the body image concern inventory (BICI) and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention. The chi-square test, independent t-test, and repeated measures test were used to investigate the trend of changes in BICI and MBSRQ and their domains over time in both groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant for all tests. Results: Before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics (such as age, age of menopause, and body mass index (BMI)) between the 2 groups; also, there were no statistically significant differences in the mean scores of MBSRQ and BICI between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). After the intervention, a significant increase was observed in the mean scores of MBSRQ and its 3 out of 6 domains (appearance evaluation (AE), appearance orientation (AO), and body areas satisfaction (BAS); P < 0.05), while a significant decrease was observed in the mean scores of BICI in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Cognitive behavioral group therapy based on the Cash 8-step model in postmenopausal women can promote satisfaction with their body image.

SAT373 A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Show Body Image Concerns Are Significantly Higher in Women and Individuals With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract Disclosure: P. Kempegowda: None. K. Malhotra: None. H. Khalil: None. M. Davitadze: None. C. Tay: None. A. Mousa: None. P. Team: None. H.J. Teede: None. L. Brennan: None. E. Stener-Victorin: None. Background: While several studies have established the increased prevalence of depression and anxiety among those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the association between PCOS and body image remains unclear. These body image concerns can lead to Body Dysmorphic Disorder (a mental health condition where a person spends a lot of time worrying about flaws in their appearance) and/or also predispose to eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia. Objective: To assess differences in body image concerns among women and individuals with and without PCOS in the context of updating International Guidelines in PCOS. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was completed with a registered protocol a priori on the National Institute of Health Research Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO (CRD42021272367). Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, PUBMED, Web-of-Science Core Collection, and CENTRAL) were searched through July 2022. Outcome measures included validated questionnaires reporting on body dysmorphic disorders. Methodological quality was assessed by GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) system. Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse variance method, based on random- or fixed-effects models (Review Manager, Version 5). For dichotomous outcomes, we estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using fixed-effects models. For continuous outcomes, we estimated the weighted mean difference in scores with 95% confidence interval if the mean and SD of the outcomes were presented in the original article. Results: A total of 918 women with PCOS and 865 women without PCOS from nine studies were included, with sample sizes ranging from 33 to 201 for those with PCOS and from 22 to 225 for those without PCOS. Meta-analysis of three studies using Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) showed those with PCOS reported worse on appearance evaluation and appearance orientation compared to those without PCOS (MD= -0.78, I2=0%, p<0.00001 and MD= 0.22, I2=54%, p=0.004, respectively). Meta-analysis of two studies showed higher overweight preoccupation, body areas satisfaction, and body weight classification on MBSRQ-AS subscales in those with PCOS compared to those without (all p<0.001). Meta-analysis of two studies using Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) showed significantly lower scores for the weight subscale in those with PCOS, compared to those without, whereas differences in the BESAA appearance and attribution subscales were not statistically significant between the two groups (p=0.03 vs p=0.73 and p=0.36, respectively). Conclusion: Those with PCOS experience greater body image concerns emphasising importance of awareness in clinical care of PCOS. Further studies are needed to identify drivers and mitigating factors. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Validation of a Novel Perceptual Body Image Assessment Method Using Mobile Digital Imaging Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Evaluation in a Multiethnic Sample

Given that mobile digital imaging analyses (DIA) are equipped to automate body composition and subsequently alter one’s appearance at a given objective body fat percent (BF%), the purpose of this study was to validate the use of this tool for assessments of body image. Participants (f = 134, m = 89) from two separate centers underwent body composition scans using a mobile DIA and completed the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS). Using a DIA-generated avatar, participants altered their figure so that it represented their perceived body, ideal body, and what a partner would find attractive. Distortion was calculated as perceived minus actual BF% and dissatisfaction was calculated as either ideal or partner minus perceived BF%. The total sample and females (p < 0.050), but not males, had significantly lower perceived BF% compared to their actual. Ideal and partner BF% was significantly lower than the perceived BF% for all groups (all p < 0.050). Ideal and partner BF% mean differences (MD) from perceived were positively associated with appearance evaluation (AE) and body area satisfaction (BAS) and negatively associated with overweight preoccupation and self-classified weight for the total sample (all p < 0.050). PerceivedMD demonstrated negative associations with AE and BAS (p < 0.050), but only for females when separated by sex. Perceptual body image measured by DIA is significantly associated with attitudinal body image and may allow practitioners to better quantify this growing issue.

A Comparison of Self-esteem, Body Image, and Depression in Hysterectomized and Non-hysterectomized Iranian Women: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study

Background:: Hysterectomy is one of the factors that may affect women's body image and self-esteem and lead to serious psychological complications. background: Hysterectomy is one of the factors that may affect women's body image and self-esteem and lead to serious psychological complications. Objective:: The study aimed to compare self-esteem, body image, and depression in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized Iranian women. Methods:: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 140 women of the reproductive age, who have undergone hysterectomy with benign causes, were compared in terms of self-esteem, body image, and depression with 140 women receiving medical treatment due to abnormal bleeding in educational and medical centers in Tabriz, Iran. Sampling was conducted by convenience method. Self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire, body image was assessed with the multi-dimensional body-self relations questionnaire, and depression was assessed with the Beck II depression inventory. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, chi-square test, and general linear model. Results:: The mean (standard deviation) of the body image in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized women was 235.3 (28.5) and 250.1 (23.4) out of an achievable score of 69-395, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) self-esteem score for hysterectomized women was 20.4 (4.8) and it was 24.2 (3.4) in non-hysterectomized women (out of an achievable score of 0-30). The mean (standard deviation) depression score was 18.1 (9.7) and 5.5 (4.6) out of 0-63 in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized women, respectively. The differences in self-esteem, body image, and depression variables were statistically significant in hysterectomized and non-hysterectomized women, respectively (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion:: According to the results of the present study, the body image and self-esteem in hysterectomized women were low compared to non-hysterectomized women, while the level of depression was high, and this difference was statistically significant. conclusion: Due to the lower self-esteem and body image, and higher depression rates in hysterectomized women, designing intervention programs by healthcare providers to promote the mental health of this group of women in the society seems necessary. other: --

Body image concerns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To assess differences in body image concerns among women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsychInfo, PUBMED, Web-of-Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials [CENTRAL]) were searched from inception through July 2022. Outcome measures included validated questionnaires reporting on body image concerns. Methodological quality was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) system, and included studies were assessed for risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse variance method based on random or fixed effects models (Review Manager, Version 5). A total of 918 women with PCOS and 865 women without PCOS from 9 studies were included. Meta-analysis of 3 studies using Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) showed those with PCOS reported higher dissatisfaction with appearance evaluation and appearance orientation compared to those without PCOS (mean difference [MD] = -0.78, I2 = 0%, P < .00001, and MD = 0.22, I2 = 54%, P = .004, respectively). Meta-analysis of 2 studies showed higher dissatisfaction with overweight preoccupation, lower body area satisfaction, and body weight classification on MBSRQ-AS subscales in those with PCOS compared to those without PCOS (all P < .001). Meta-analysis of 2 studies using the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) showed significantly lower scores for the weight subscale in those with PCOS compared to those without PCOS (P = .03). Those with PCOS experience more significant body image concerns, emphasising the importance of awareness in the clinical care of PCOS. Considering the limited evidence, further studies are warranted to identify drivers and mitigating factors.

The Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Disease Perception, Body Image, and Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Women with Breast Cancer

Background: Currently, the prevalence of breast cancer and its debilitating consequences are increasing, causing adverse personal, family, and social effects in patients. Therefore, patients with breast cancer should try to reduce the injuries described above through various treatment methods. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on disease perception, body image, and fear of cancer recurrence in women with breast cancer. Methods: This applied study was designed based on a pre-test and post-test. The study included 30 participants, 15 test groups (15 people), and 15 control groups (15 people). A test group was used for MBCT, while the other was not exposed to the intervention. Eight 90-minute sessions were held weekly for the test group for two months. The research tools included the Broadbent Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), and Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory Questionnaire (FCRIQ). Finally, the resulting data were analyzed by SPSS software Version 25. Results: The statistical test of covariance analysis showed that the MBCT method significantly affects disease perception, body image, and fear of disease recurrence in women with breast cancer (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, the MBCT method can help manage breast cancer in women. Therefore, breast cancer patients can improve their quality of life and life expectancy by learning this treatment method.

THE EFFECT OF BODY DISSATISFACTION ON DISORDERED EATING ATTITUDES: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF NEGATIVE AFFECTS IN ADOLESCENTS

Body dissatisfaction is considered as the most primitive risk factor for developing eating disturbances. Despite the fact that body dissatisfaction is also found in normative population as well, making sense out of it this study aimed to determined the interacting variables which possibly influence the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. The study aimed to explored the following mediators: social anxiety and depression and the effects they had on disturbed eating attitudes among individuals with body dissatisfaction. A total of 300 students were approached aged 15-20 years (mean age = 17.23 years, SD = 1.42 years) who completed the Body Area Satisfaction Subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire–Appearance Scales, Social Anxiety subscale of self consciousness scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Eating, Attitudes Test-26. Based on the research findings, the serial-multiple mediation of social anxiety and depression in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and disturbed eating attitudes was found to be statistically significant. Study findings highlights how body dissatisfaction and eating pathology are linked and what the fundamental mediators are in the chain. Adolescents with disturbed eating, along with the body image issues fear of negative evaluation and negative affects should also acknowledged by the mental health practitioner in order to design effective treatment plans.

Hubungan Antara Perbandingan Sosial dan Citra Tubuh Remaja Laki-Laki Pada Pengguna Media Sosial di Kota Makassar

Adolescence begins to encourage individuals to shape their body image, including the male gender. However, the influence of social media in comparing themselves with other individuals greatly affects the concept of body image they have. The study was to determine the relationship between social comparison and body image of male adolescent social media users in Makassar City. The participants of this study were male adolescents aged 12-22 years and were social media users in Makassar City. This study uses a scale adapted from The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) Users' Manual-Third Revision by Cash (2000) and an Upward and Downward Psychological Appearance Comparison scale from O'Brien (2009) which was adapted and developed by Setiawati (2020). This research was tested using the Spearman Rho data analysis technique. The study found that there was a negative relationship between social comparison and body image in male adolescent social media users in the city of Makassar (p = 0.012, r = -0.209). This study illustrates that the higher the social comparison, the lower the body image of male adolescent social media users in the city of Makassar. This research can be a reference and information about the negative and positive relationship of social comparisons in terms of appearance on social media to the body image of adolescent males in Makassar City.

Cutaneous body image in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been linked with body image (BI) impairment and reduced quality of life (QoL). We sought to evaluate the associations between Cutaneous Body Image Scale (CBIS) and disease severity in HS patients.Between July 2020 and January 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out including consecutive HS patients above the age of 16 who attended a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Greece. Disease Severity was graded with the Hurley stage, HS-Physician’s Global Assessment (HS-PGA) scale, and the Modified Sartorius scale (MSS). Patients completed at their first visit ten survey instruments including Patients’ Severity of disease, pain and pruritus scale, CBIS, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) including 5 subscales: Appearance Evaluation (AE), Appearance Orientation (AO), Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS), Overweight Preoccupation (OWP), and Self Classified Weight (SCW) , Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI), Skindex-16, EQ5D 5L, EQ- visual analogue scale (VAS), PHQ9, and GAD7. In total, 70 HS patients above 16 years old participated, mean [SD] age, 34.44 [11.64] years; 49/70 (70%) males and 21/70 (30%) females. Mean ± SD CBI, DLQI, Skindex-16 total, EQ-5D-5L, EQ VAS, PHQ9 and GAD7 were 5.59 ± 1.58, 11.70 ± 8.88, 52.90 ± 27.75, 0.75 ± 0.21, 62.48 ± 21.12, 7.64 ± 5.56, 7.87 ± 5.23 respectively. Moderate to severe CBI dissatisfaction was reported by 36/70 (51.42%) patients. CBI was correlated with appearance evaluation (AE) (p < 0.01, r = 0.544), body areas satisfaction (BASS) (p < 0.01, r = 0.481), and overweight preoccupation subscale (OWPS) (p < 0.01, r = − 0.267), and Skindex-16 (p < 0.01, r = − 0.288). HS patients with affected genital areas scored higher in disease patient’s severity score (p = 0.015), and male patients scored higher in Skindex-16 than females(p < 0.01). Our study found that the mean of CBI in HS patients was 5.59 ± SD 1.58. Predictors for CBI dissatisfaction were low scores of MBSRQ Appearance Evaluation (AE) and Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale (BASS).

Validation of the Greek Version of Social Appearance Anxiety Scale in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Many people are worried about their social appearance. The fear of negative evaluation and judgment regarding one's look in social circumstances is referred to as social appearance anxiety. Social appearance anxiety belongs to social anxiety. The aim of the present study was to validate the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) in the Greek language and to examine its psychometric properties. An online survey was conducted in a Greek population sample of adolescents and young adults aged 18 to 35 years. The survey instruments included the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS), 2 subscales of Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scale (MBSRQ), the Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised Scale (ASI-R) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). A total of 429 respondents participated in this research. The statistical analysis showed that the Greek version of the SAAS has good psychometric properties. The internal consistency of questions within the SAAS was 0.942. Positive correlations were found between SAAS and SPAS, the overweight preoccupation subscale of MBSRQ, the ASI-R and the DASS, while negative correlations were observed between SAAS and the appearance evaluation subscale of MBSRQ and age. The results of this study suggest that the Greek version of SAAS can be used as a reliable and valid instrument in the Greek population.

Body image in Australians compared to women with breast hypertrophy and US norms

**Background**: The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) is a widely used instrument to assess body image. This study aimed to assess MBSRQ Australian norms and test the hypotheses that these would be different to United States norms and to women with breast hypertrophy. Secondary aims were to understand socio-demographic determinants of scores and the change in body image satisfaction associated with breast reduction surgery.**Methods**: Australians ≥18 years were recruited according to the 2016 Census age and sex distribution. Participants completed MBSRQ-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) and provided socio-demographic information. A comparison was made to previously published US normative scores, to scores of women who had prospectively completed the MBSRQ before and after breast reduction surgery and to women with untreated breast hypertrophy. **Results**: Data for 1016 normative, 209 surgical and 161 breast hypertrophy control participants were analysed. MBSRQ-AS scores for Appearance evaluation and Body areas satisfaction were significantly lower for women than for men. Body mass index (BMI) was a significant predictor across all five scales, with a higher BMI associated with lower scores for appearance and satisfaction. Age and marital status were significant predictors for Body areas satisfaction and Overweight preoccupation. Differences between Australian MBSRQ-AS scale scores and US general population values were significant, with Australian values lower for both sexes. Women with breast hypertrophy had lower scores than population norms but this corrected with breast reduction surgery, with women having scores equivalent to the general population at 12 months post-surgery.**Conclusion**: The Australian population is a distinct population in terms of body image, as measured by the MBSRQ-AS. This normative dataset provides a useful reference for future health-related research in Australian cohorts. Women with breast hypertrophy have a body image that is lower than that of the normal population and this improves with surgery.

Internalization of athletic body ideal as a mediating variable between family influence and body image of young women. A cross-cultural study of polish, Italian, and Ukrainian women.

Our aim was to analyze the strength of the family's influence on the internalization of the ideal of an athletic figure and, consequently, on the multifactorial image of the body, from the perspective of intercultural differences. A total of 488 healthy women aged 19-26; of Polish (154), Ukrainian (228), and Italian (106) took part in the study. The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ 69) were used to measure athletic ideal internalization and family pressure. The body image of Ukrainian, Polish, and Italian women depends both on the degree of internalization the ideal of an athletic figure and influence of the family. The research also suggests significant differences between the three populations, which may suggest cultural differences between young women living in Eastern, Central, and South European countries.

The Importance of Gender in Body Mass Index, Age, and Body Self-Perception of University Students in Spain

Body image is a fundamental factor that influences a person’s self-image throughout life and at all stages of life. Self-perception of body image and body mass index may be related, as the way a person views him or herself can influence their eating behavior and level of physical activity, which in turn can affect their weight and BMI. The aim of this study is to find the association between body mass index, age, and body self-perception of university students, analyzing possible differences according to the gender of the students. In total, 312 students answered five sociodemographic questions in addition to the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, which consists of 45 questions grouped into four dimensions. Spearman’s Rho test was used to analyze the association between each of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) factors and body mass index (BMI). Statistical differences were found in dimension 3 (p &lt; 0.01) of the MBSRQ questionnaire with respect to BMI in both sexes, and in dimension 1 (p &lt; 0.01), a significant difference was found in female students. With the male gender, significant differences were found between age and BMI (0.04). Consequently, the sex to which the student belongs conditions his or her BMI with the self-perceived body image, so lines of action should be developed to improve self-image.

Mediators of Social Acceptance Among Emerging Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer.

Purpose: Examine associations of social developmental factors (e.g., peer/parent social attachment, romantic relationships) and perceptions of social acceptance among emerging adult survivors of childhood cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional, within-group design was used. Questionnaires included the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Adolescent Social Self-Efficacy Scale, Personal Evaluation Inventory, Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, and demographics. Correlations were utilized to determine associations between general demographic, cancer-specific, and the psychosocial outcome variables. Peer and romantic relationship self-efficacy were assessed as potential mediators of social acceptance in three mediation models. Relationships between perceived physical attractiveness, peer attachment, parental attachment, and social acceptance were assessed. Results: Data were collected from N = 52 adult participants (Mage = 21.38 years, standard deviation = 3.11 years) diagnosed with cancer as a child. The first mediation model demonstrated a significant direct effect of perceived physical attraction on perceived social acceptance and retained significance after adjusting for indirect effects of the mediators. The second model demonstrated a significant direct effect of peer attachment on perceived social acceptance; however, significance was not retained after adjusting for peer self-efficacy, suggesting the relationship is partially mediated by peer relationship self-efficacy. The third model demonstrated a significant direct effect of parent attachment on perceived social acceptance; however, significance was not retained after adjusting for peer self-efficacy, suggesting the relationship is partially mediated by peer self-efficacy. Conclusion: Relationships between social developmental factors (e.g., parental and peer attachment) and perceived social acceptance are likely mediated by peer relationship self-efficacy in emerging adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Long-term outcomes of breast reduction surgery: A prospective cohort study

Breast reduction surgery has been shown to be the most effective treatment for symptomatic breast hypertrophy in women. However, existing studies have been limited to a relatively short-term follow-up. This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes following breast reduction surgery. This is a prospective cohort study of women aged 18 years and above who underwent breast reduction surgery over a 12-year period. Participants completed a series of patient-reported outcome measures, including the Short Form-36 (SF-36), BREAST-Q reduction module, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), and study-specific questions preoperatively, 12 months postoperatively, and at a long-term follow-up of up to 12 years postoperatively. Long-term outcome data were obtained from 103 participants. The median follow-up time following surgery was 6.0 years, range 3-12 years. The mean SF-36 scores remained stable and significantly higher than baseline over time, with no significant differences found in all eight subscales or summary scales. BREAST-Q scores remained significantly higher than baseline in all four scales. MBSRQ scores for appearance evaluation, health evaluation, and body areas satisfaction score remained significantly higher than scores reported preoperatively; in contrast, scores for appearance and health orientation and self-classified weight were significantly lower. Compared with normative data, long-term outcome scores remained stable and at levels equivalent or beyond population norms. This study demonstrated that patients continue to report a high level of satisfaction and improved health-related quality of life in the longer term following breast reduction surgery.

Determining Associations Among Health Orientation, Fitness Orientation, and Attitudes Toward Fatness in Physiotherapists and Physiotherapy Students Using Structural Equation Modeling.

Research suggests physiotherapists hold negative attitudes and beliefs toward fatness and fat people. Physiotherapists are also health-conscious, and invested in healthy lifestyle behaviours including physical activity. Our purpose was to describe relationships between health orientation, fitness orientation, and fat attitudes. Physiotherapists (n = 187) and physiotherapy students (n = 34) completed an online survey (Health Orientation Scale, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Fat Attitudes Assessment Toolkit). Structural equation modeling estimated associations between fat attitudes (dependent variable) and health and fitness orientation (independent variables). Participants scored high in orientation toward fitness and health. We found strong positive associations between fitness orientation and health orientation (p < 0.001). Health orientation was not significantly associated with fat attitudes (p = 0.075), whereas increased age was associated with more positive fat attitudes (p < 0.01). Although most participants acknowledged that factors outside an individual's control contribute to body weight, many also agreed with normative negative perspectives. Physiotherapists are highly oriented toward fitness and health. This may underlie beliefs in the controllability of body weight and contribute to negative attitudes toward fatness and fat people. Further research, with greater sample sizes is necessary to further investigate associations between health orientation and fat attitudes.