Multidetector Computed Tomography Urography Research Articles

A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study of Urinary Tract Abnormalities Utilizing Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Urography

INTRODUCTION Multidetector Computed Tomography Urography (MDCTU) is presently considered the preferred imaging modality for the urinary tract. Advanced MDCTU enables a comprehensive assessment of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder. MDCTU is commonly employed to investigate various conditions such as renal calculi, renal cysts, congenital kidney and ureter abnormali- ties, and specific renal inflammatory conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis of various urinary tract abnormalities using MDCTU. MATERIAL AND METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2023, at the Department of Radiodiagnosis & Medical Imaging, Universal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa, Nepal, examined a total of fifty-nine patients. The examination protocol comprised triphasic techniques, which included unenhanced, nephrographic, and excretory phases, utilizing a MDCT scanner. The descriptive data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and presented in the form of a number and percentage. RESULTS A total 59 patients, 32 were male and 27 were female. Mean age of patients were 44.17±15.66 years, with the majority (28.81%) falling within the age range of 20-30 years. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom (79.66%), followed by hematuria (18.64%). Urolithiasis was the most frequent diagnosis (47.46%), followed by ureterohydronephrosis (22.03%) and hydrone- phrosis (18.64%). Inflammatory change/infection affected 13.56% of patients, while congenital abnormalities were the least prevalent (3.39%). CONCLUSION MDCT urography is considered the optimal modality for detecting a broad range of urinary tract abnormalities, due to its utilization of a combination of unenhanced, nephrographic-phase, and excretory-phase imaging techniques.

Association of Severity and Type of Pain with Urolithiasis in Adults: A Computed Tomography Urographic Study

Background: Urolithiasis, a prevalent urological condition, especially in areas with warm and dry climates, poses significant healthcare challenges. In Pakistan, part of the "stone-forming belt," the incidence of urolithiasis is consistent with global prevalence rates. Understanding the demographic and clinical presentation patterns is essential for improving diagnostic and treatment strategies. Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic urolithiasis in adult patients and to evaluate the efficacy of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in detecting urinary tract stones and associated abnormalities. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over four months at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital's Radiology Department. A total of 112 adult patients aged between 18 to 70 years with symptoms indicative of urinary tract abnormalities were included using a convenience sampling technique. Siemens 64-slice MDCT was employed for diagnosis. The chi-square test and Fisher's Exact Test were utilized for statistical analysis to assess the association between urolithiasis and clinical symptoms, with p-values less than 0.05 considered significant. Results: Out of 112 patients, the prevalence of asymptomatic stones was 2.8%. Bladder stones were identified in 16 patients (14.3%) with a size range of 3-12 mm (mean 7.5 mm, S/D ratio 2.6). Ureteric stones were found in a subset of patients, with sizes ranging from 6-28 mm (mean 13.8 mm, S/D ratio 4.1). The prevalence of hydronephrosis was 39.9% for the left kidney, 26.1% for the right kidney, and 10.9% for bilateral presentation. Non-stone-related findings requiring treatment were identified in 14% of patients undergoing MDCT for renal colic. Conclusion: The study confirmed the prevalence of urolithiasis within the expected range for a high-risk geographic area. MDCT urography proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool in detecting not only urolithiasis but also other significant renal tract abnormalities. The results indicate a need for improved public health strategies, particularly for the at-risk older adult population.

Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography Urography in the Evaluation of Obstructive Uropathy: A Review.

Obstructive uropathy, a prevalent clinical problem, can irreparably harm the kidneys if not treated promptly. As a result, accurate diagnosis is necessary for prompt management. This study examines the utility of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) urography in identifying obstructive uropathy. PubMed, Google, Embase, Medline, and other electronic databases were used to search the English-language literature. The search phrases were obstructive urinary infections or urinary bladder or kidneys or MDCT. The authors' expertise and experience in the subject area aided in archiving pertinent publications. Even though the dilated upper tract of the ureters can be seen, ultrasonography (USG) has limitations because it cannot show the middle portion of the ureters, even if they are dilated mostly due to bowel gas artifacts. The USG does not emphasize the functioning of the renal tract. To evaluate obstructive uropathy, MDCT urography plays a very important role. For speedy, effective therapy, it provides a quick diagnosis of the source of obstruction.

Role of CT Urography in investigating Hematuria

Hematuria can signify serious disease such as bladder cancer, upper urinary tract urothelial cell cancer (UUT-UCC), renal cell cancer or urinary tract stones. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the main role of CT urography in case of haematuria. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Department of Urology University College of Medicine, University of Lahore during January 2020 to June 2021. The data was collected from 50 patients of haematuria from the OPD of the hospital. The patients was undergo CECT examination after obtaining detailed clinical history. Results: The data was collected from 50 patients. There were 38 females and 12 males. The most common cause of obstructive uropathy was stone disease i.e. renal, ureteric or both and 75.0% patients in group A and 65.0% in group B, presented with it followed by other causes i.e. carcinomas, pyonephrosis and PUJ obstruction. Conclusion: It is concluded that multidetector CT urography detects the entire spectrum of urinary tract pathologies causing haematuria with high accuracy.

Finding the Role of CT Urography in Case of Haematuria

Introduction: Haematuria is one of the most common presentations of urinary tract pathologies and always warrants serious concern, both to the patient as well as the treating physician. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the main role of CT urography in case of haematuria. Material and methods: This prospective study was conducted in DHQ teaching hospital, Sargodha during 2019. The data was collected from 50 patients of haematuria from the OPD of the hospital. The patients was undergo CECT examination after obtaining detailed clinical history. Patient is advised to be nil by mouth six hours before the study. Results: The data was collected from 50 patients. There were 38 females and 12 males. The most common cause of obstructive uropathy was stone disease i.e., renal, ureteric or both and 75.0% patients in group A and 65.0% in group B, presented with it followed by other causes i.e., carcinomas, pyonephrosis and PUJ obstruction as shown in table 1. Conclusion: It is concluded that multi-detector CT urography detects the entire spectrum of urinary tract pathologies causing haematuria with high accuracy.

Role of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Urography in Evaluation of Renal Tract Abnormalities

Introduction: Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) is currently the modality of choice for imaging the urinary tract. Advanced CTU allows a thorough evaluation of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and other structures simultaneously. Common conditions investigated by means of CTU include renal calculi, renal cancer, congenital kidney and ureter abnormalities, and certain renal inflammatory conditions. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) urography in diagnosing renal tract abnormalities and correlation of the imaging data with clinical features. Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive study conducted between November 2017 and November 2019 involving fifty patients, aged 18-80 years with various renal abnormalities. This was a descriptive study involving both outpatients and inpatients. Triphasic examinations were carried out, including noncontrast, contrast enhanced and delayed images using a multidetector-row CT scanner. Chi-square and Fisher’s-Exact Test were used to assess the significance of study parameters. Results: Of the 50 suspected cases, 48 (96%) had renal tract abnormalities. The most common diagnosed condition was urolithiasis (36%), followed by congenital abnormalities (24%), renal masses/cysts/infections (14%), and bladder pathology/collecting system abnormalities/postoperative complications (16%). Urolithiasis was characterised by severe abdominal pain. Patients having renal masses in the urinary tract exhibited haematuria and weight loss. In case of congenital renal abnormalities, the clinical features were not significantly correlated. Conclusion: MDCT urography is a very useful tool for diagnosing renal tract abnormalities.

Urinary Bladder Neoplastic Masses Findings through Multidetector-Row CT Urography

AbstractBackground: Urinary bladder carcinoma is one of the most common tumors among the lower urinary tract, it is the seventh common malignancy and widely distributed in devel-oped countries.Aim of Study: To elucidate the diagnostic potential and additive imaging data obtained with Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in early detection and characterization of urinary bladder neoplastic masses by comparing the result of the study with the conventional cystoscopy results.Patients and Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted on forty patients, 36 was men and 4 women. The patients referred to Radio-Diagnosis Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Radio-Diagnosis Department in a period 6 months of data collection for suspicious bladder mass(es) after clinical assessment of patient or for further characterization of indeterminate bladder neoplastic mass lesion previously depicted on other radiological investigation as ultrasound examination.Results: A statistically significant difference was found between positive and negative cystoscopic biopsy results for malignancy in relation to presence CT features of malignancy.Conclusion: MDCT urography is useful for examination of patients especially when the CC is contraindicated such as hemorrhage, perforation, difficult to doing it or unsatisfactory in interpretation, and as a complementary technique in the evaluation of areas difficult to evaluate with CC, especially with the MDCT results satisfactory in finding lesions smaller than 5mm. MDCT urography gives us an opportunity for early detection bladder tumors because its reliability and accuracy and our results support that.

Multidetector CT urography in urogenital tuberculosis: use of reformatted images for the assessment of the radiological findings. A pictorial essay.

Urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) is the most common form of extrapulmonary TB and is responsible for a destructive inflammation of the renal parenchyma and urinary tract often leading to the loss of kidney function. For these reasons, the early diagnosis of this disease, once considered disappeared in developed countries, is very important to establish a prompt and efficient treatment. However, the subtle and non-specific symptoms, often represented by recurrent and persistent lower urinary tract symptoms, can confound and delay the diagnosis. Therefore, an adequate and comprehensive imaging study is necessary in patients with persistent urinary tract infections not responding to the antibiotics and can suggest the hypothesis although bacteriological and/or histologic analysis is required for a definitive diagnosis. In the past years, intravenous urography (IVU) has allowed a comprehensive study of the urinary excretory tract, promoting the knowledge of the radiological findings of this disease. Nowadays, computed tomography urography (CTU), with the implementation of multidetector (MD) technology, has replaced IVU in all its indications; the MDCTU improves the assessment of renal and urinary tract lesions using reformatted images [such as multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP)]. Therefore, our paper aims to provide a guide for radiologist for searching the classic signs of UGTB on MDCTU, encouraging the use of the MPR and MIP reformatted images.

Multi–detector CT Urography in the diagnosis of urinary tract abnormalities

Introduction: Different imaging techniques are being used in the diagnosis of urinary tract abnormalities. IVU, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), retrograde ureterography, pyelography, cystoscopy, and ureteroscopy are used to diagnose patients with urinary complaints. Non contrast MDCT is now routinely used to evaluate calculi, Renal masses, ureteral abnormalities and urinary bladder masses. Excretory-phase CT can now be used to evaluate the ureter. Preliminary results of excretory-phase CT demonstrate a high sensitivity (95%) in diagnosing upper urinary tract uroepithelial malignancy. CT usually demonstrates bladder disease, but flat tumours of the bladder are difficult to be identified with CT, and the cystoscopy remains the study of choice in evaluating for bladder malignany. Now with the help of MDCT protocol, comprehensive evaluation of renal disease can be performed. Material and Methods: It is a retrospective study of 60 patients, From May 2013 to November 2014. 60 patients (41 male and 19 were females with mean age 44 yrs (age range 27 – 61 years) were selected in this study. All the patients underwent CT scan study with or without intravenous contrast medium. CT scan study was performed on a MDCT scanner (Siemens Medical Systems). Result: Out of 60 patients, 42 (70 %) had urolithiasis. The unenhanced CT examination provides adequate information of all urinary calculi and associated hydronephrosis. 18 cases (30 %) demonstrated non urolithiasis abnormality. Out of 18 cases, 6 (10 %) cases demonstrated masse, 8 (13.33 %) cases demonstrated inflammatory changes. Congenital anomalieswas found in 4 patients (6.66%). Conclusion: MDCT urography is the best modality with a combination of unenhanced, nephrographic-phase and excretory-phase in wide spectrum of urinary tract abnormalities. CT urography demonstrates both intrinsic and extrinsic abnormalities of ureter than IVU.

Clinical versus Pathologic staging of Renal Tumors: Role of Multi-Detector CT Urography.

IntroductionOur ability to diagnose renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has increased in the past 30 years as a result of the extensive application of imaging techniques, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) remains the most appropriate imaging modality for the diagnosis and staging of RCC. The aim of this work was to compare the findings of MDCT with surgical pathology to determine the accuracy of delineating tumor size, localization, organ confinement, lymph node metastases, and the extent of tumor thrombus in the renal vein and inferior vena cava.MethodsThe clinical, surgical, and anatomo-pathologic records of 99 patients treated by nephrectomy (radical or partial) for solid renal tumors at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute and Nasser Institute from 2005 to 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. All cases were staged pre-operatively with abdominal MDCT (pre- and post-contrast enhancement) in addition to the routine biochemical, hematological, and radiological work-up. The tumors’ histologic types were determined according to the WHO classification of renal tumors in adults in 2004, and staging was updated to the TNM 2010 system. Data were analyzed using the t-test.ResultsThe mean age was 52 (range 21–73). Seventy-eight patients were males, and 21 patients were females (Male/Female ratio: 3.7:1). There were no significant differences in the mean tumor size between radiographic and pathologic assessments in different tumor stages. The overall incidence of lymph node invasion in surgical specimens was 76%, whereas MDCT showed a positive incidence in 68.4% of cases (false negative result in 7 cases, 7.6%).ConclusionOur findings indicated that MDCT urography is an accurate method to estimate renal tumor size, lymph node, vascular and visceral metastases preoperatively. Also, preoperative staging of renal tumors with MDCT represents a valuable and accurate tool.

The role of multidetector computed tomography urography in the evaluation of obstructive uropathy

Objective The aim of this work was to assess the value of multislice computed tomography (CT) urography in patients presenting with obstructive uropathy. Background Obstructive uropathy is a structural impedance to the flow of urine anywhere along the urinary tract. Multidetector computed tomography urography (MDCTU) has the advantage of being able to detect not only the level of obstruction but also its cause, including urinary stones, pelviureteric junction stenosis, ureteric strictures, ureteric injury, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and pelvic masses. Patients and methods This study included 30 patients of variable ages, complaining of urinary tract obstruction manifestations referred from urology and urosurgery clinics. MDCTU was performed for all patients. Results Causes of obstructive uropathy as detected by MDCTU were as follow: 14 (46.6%) cases caused by urinary tract stones, four (13.3%) with urinary bladder masses involving ureteric orifices, three (10%) with pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJ) obstruction, three (10%) with compression of ureters, three (10%) with ureteric injuries, two (6.6%) with bladder neck obstruction, and one (3.3%) case with ureteric stricture. Conclusion MDCTU enabled an accurate diagnosis of the level of obstruction and its etiology, including nephroureterolithiasis, pelviureteric junction stenosis, ureteric strictures, ureteric injury, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and pelvic masses.

Imagerie des tumeurs des voies excrétrices supérieures : état de l’art pour le rapport scientifique annuel de l’Association française d’urologie

To propose a state of the art regarding imaging techniques for the diagnosis and work-up of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). A systematic review of the scientific literature was performed in the Medline database (PubMed) until 2014 using different associations of the following keywords: urothelial carcinomas; upper urinary tract; ureter; renal pelvis; CT scan; MRI; ultrasound; urography. Imaging has a prominent role in the diagnosis, extension and follow-up assessment of upper tract urothelial cancers (UTUC). The couple ultrasound/intravenous urography made way for the multidetector computed tomography urography (MDCTU) and for the magnetic resonance imaging urography (MRU), which can also be combined in some cases. This review of the literature presents available techniques for the exploration of the upper urinary tract, the main protocols (in particular the interest of furosemide addition), details the interpretation techniques for searching UTUC on serial imaging, as well as the main differential diagnoses, and their accuracy. Finally, the role of imaging, according to patient's context is discussed. The combination or fusion of different modalities (CT, MR…) for the same objective is highlighted and presented as the likely evolution of UTUC imaging. MDCTU is nowadays the gold standard imaging modality for the diagnosis of UTUC.

Haematuria: an imaging guide.

This paper discusses the current status of imaging in the investigation of patients with haematuria. The physician must rationalize imaging so that serious causes such as malignancy are promptly diagnosed while at the same time not exposing patients to unnecessary investigations. There is currently no universal agreement about the optimal imaging work up of haematuria. The choice of modality to image the urinary tract will depend on individual patient factors such as age, the presence of risk factors for malignancy, renal function, a history of calculus disease and pregnancy, and other factors, such as local policy and practice, cost effectiveness and availability of resources. The role of all modalities, including conventional radiography, intravenous urography/excretory urography, ultrasonography, retrograde pyelography, multidetector computed tomography urography (MDCTU), and magnetic resonance urography, is discussed. This paper highlights the pivotal role of MDCTU in the imaging of the patient with haematuria and discusses issues specific to this modality including protocol design, imaging of the urothelium, and radiation dose. Examination protocols should be tailored to the patient while all the while optimizing radiation dose.

Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound for Macroscopic Hematuria in the Era of Multidetector Computed Tomography Urography

PurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound for detecting urinary tract neoplasm in the setting of macroscopic hematuria by using multidetector computed tomography urography (MDCTU) and cystoscopy as the reference standard. MethodsThis retrospective study was approved by our institutional review board. Patients with macroscopic hematuria who were investigated with an abdominal or renal ultrasound, an MDCTU, and a cystoscopy between January 2007 and December 2009, were eligible (95 patients). Exclusion criteria were time interval >12 months between index and reference tests or the absence of histopathologic proof of malignancy. Ultrasound results of the remaining 86 patients were collected and compared with the reference standard test, which was the combination of MDCTU for the assessment of upper urinary tract and cystoscopy for assessment of the lower urinary tract. The final diagnosis of neoplasm was based on pathologic findings. ResultsUrinary tract neoplasm was diagnosed in 20% of the patients (17/86). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of ultrasound for detecting urinary tract neoplasms were 35.3% (6/17), 89.9% (62/69), 46.2% (6/13), 84.9% (62/73), 3.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.34-9.02), and 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-1.3), respectively. ConclusionSensitivity of ultrasound for the evaluation of macroscopic hematuria in the era of MDCTU is lower than expected. Results of our study suggest that patients with macroscopic hematuria should undergo MDCTU as first-line imaging modality, with little added benefit from ultrasound.

Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia

No AccessJournal of UrologyRadiology Page1 Feb 2014Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia Kavita Bhatt, and Brian R. Herts Kavita BhattKavita Bhatt More articles by this author , and Brian R. HertsBrian R. Herts More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.11.016AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia." The Journal of Urology, 191(2), pp. 475–476 References 1 : Crossed renal ectopia: clinical and radiological findings in 22 cases. Clin Radiol1977; 28: 339. Google Scholar 2 : Crossed renal ectopia with and without fusion. Urol Int1959; 9: 63. Google Scholar 3 : Crossed fused renal ectopia: challenges in diagnosis and management. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg2013; 18: 7. Google Scholar 4 : Kidney fusion anomalies revisited: clinical and radiological analysis of 209 cases of crossed fused ectopia and horseshoe kidney. BJU Int2009; 103: 224. Google Scholar 5 : Crossed fused ectopia of the kidneys. Kidney Int2008; 73: 662. Google Scholar 6 : Multidetector CT urography of renal fusion anomalies. Diagn Interv Radiol2009; 15: 127. Google Scholar © 2014 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191Issue 2February 2014Page: 475-476 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Kavita Bhatt More articles by this author Brian R. Herts More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

A Nephrolithometric Nomogram to Predict Treatment Success of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Imaging is routinely done preoperatively and postoperatively to assess patients treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We developed a nomogram for percutaneous nephrolithotomy success. From November 2007 to December 2009 the CROES (Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society) collected data on consecutive patients at 96 centers globally. Patients were evaluated for stone-free status using plain x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. Treatment success was defined as no visible stones or residual fragments less than 4 mm. Multivariate regression was used to model the relationship between preoperative descriptors and the stone-free rate. Variables included case load, prior treatment, body mass index, staghorn stones, renal anomalies, and stone burden, location and count. Bootstrapping techniques were used to validate the model. Adjusted chi-square statistic values were used to rank the prognostic value of variables. A nomogram was developed using significant predictors from the model. We assessed the predictive accuracy of the nomogram using the ROC curve AUC. The nomogram was calibrated. Stone burden was the best predictor of the stone-free rate (chi-square = 30.27, p <0.001). Other factors associated with the stone-free rate were case volume (chi-square = 35.75, p <0.001), prior stone treatment (chi-square = 14.55, p <0.012), staghorn stone (adjusted chi-square = 4.73, p <0.029), stone location (chi-square = 14.74, p <0.001) and stone count (chi-square = 4.78, p <0.004). A nephrolithometric nomogram was developed with predictive accuracy (AUC 0.76). The percutaneous nephrolithotomy stone-free rate can be predicted using preclinical data and radiological information. We present a nephrolithometric nomogram for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Assessment of ureteric obstruction with 16-MDCT: Curved planar reformats versus three-dimensional volume-rendered images and their corresponding maximum intensity projections

AimTo compare the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of curved planar reformation (CPR) image on the one hand versus combined volume-rendered (VR) image and its corresponding maximum intensity projection (MIP) image on the other hand for determination of the cause and level of ureteral obstruction. Materials and methodsThe study included 60 patients with clinical and sonographic manifestations of ureteral obstruction who underwent two-phase multidetector CT urography (MDCTU) using a 16-slice machine. A total of 82 ureters were examined. CPR images were performed to display the entire course of ureters in the same image. 3D VR reformats and their corresponding MIP were used to enhance visualization of opacified ureters. The sensitivity and accuracy of CPR, and combined 3D VR and MIP for diagnosis of ureteral obstruction were calculated and compared in reference to the gold standard. ResultsThe cause of ureteral obstruction was calculous in 28/82 ureters (34.14%), and noncalculous in 50/82 (61%). The lower third ureter was the most affected level in 48/82 ureters (58.5%). The total sensitivity and accuracy of CPR for the cause of the ureteric obstruction (97.5% and 95.3%, respectively) were higher than those of 3D VR and its corresponding MIP (75% and 73.2%, respectively). CPR also was more sensitive and accurate (total sensitivity of 100% and accuracy of 100%) compared with those of combined 3D VR and its corresponding MIP (79.5% and 75.9%, respectively) for the level of ureteral obstruction. ConclusionsCPR had superior diagnostic accuracy than 3D VR and MIP in detecting the cause and level of ureteral obstruction.

Experiences of using a single post-contrast CT scan of the urinary tract after triphasic contrast injection

I was alerted to an article in Radiology Vol. 255 No. 2 (May 2010)1 by a colleague. The article, entitled ‘Kidney and urinary tract imaging: Triple-bolus multidetector CT urography as a one-stop shop – Protocol design, opacification, and image quality analysis’, clearly describes the technique, while the quotation below, from the article, summarises the findings:&#x0D; ‘We have shown that triple-bolus multidetector CT urography allowed visualization of renal parenchymal, excretory, and vascular contrast-enhancement phases in a single dose-efficient acquisition and provided sufficient opacification of the UUT, with simultaneous and adequate image quality of renal parenchyma and vascular anatomy.’ The main emphasis on this technique is to reduce the number of unnecessary CT scans when assessing the urinary tract. Our previous protocol for scanning the urinary tract for pathology included four phases: a pre-contrast, corticomedullary, nephrographic and delay excretory phase.

Role of the MDCT urography in diagnosis of renovascular diseases

PurposeThe current study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the MDCT urography in the diagnosis of renovascular diseases. Material and methodsTen consecutive patients were recruited from the Urology out patients’ clinics of Assuit University. Their ages ranged from 22 to 60years. Prior to Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) examination, relevant clinical data and renal function tests were obtained in every patient. ResultIn the current study MDCT easily diagnosed during the arterial phase, six patients with renal aneurysms, two patients with nutcracker syndrome, one patient with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and one patient of renal artery stenosis. ConclusionMDCT plays an important role in the evaluation and management of both primary renovascular disease and the secondary manifestations of each disease. MDCT angiography with multiplanar reconstruction and three-dimensional display is valuable in studying patients with renovascular lesions involving the proximal renal vessels.

Blind-ending branch of a bifid ureter: multidetector CT imaging findings

A bifid ureter with a blind-ending branch is a rare congenital anomaly. Although typically found incidentally, this anomaly can be symptomatic and radiologists should be aware of this important variant. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report of this anomaly as seen on multidetector CT urography. We present a patient with haematuria and review the clinical significance, radiological findings and embryological aetiology of this anomaly.