Multicultural Theory Research Articles

Exposure to diverse ethnic-racial media: Black, Latinx, and White Parents’ attitudes toward media-based ethnic-racial socialization

ABSTRACT An exploratory study surveyed 367 US Black, Latinx, and White parents of children (ages 4–7) and tested theoretical propositions of social identity gratifications theory and multicultural theory to determine the influence of ethnic-racial identity on media selection of ethnic-racial diverse content. The findings partially support both SIG and multicultural theory. Approximately two-thirds of the participants recalled watching a diverse ethnic or racial portrayal in the media with their child. Results indicated that Black and Latinx parents reported stronger ethnic-racial identity relative to White parents. Ethnic-racial identity predicted attitudes but not beliefs toward diverse ethnic and race portrayals; ethnic-racial identity, attitudes, and beliefs predicted media endorsement of such portrayals to their children. Implications for future research on media based ethnic-racial socialization practices are discussed.

Multicultural Perspective Design and Implementation Strategies for University Music Curricula

This study explores how to integrate multicultural elements into the design and implementation of university music curricula, aiming to achieve several key objectives. First, it seeks to broaden students’ musical horizons by exposing them to a wider variety of musical genres. Second, it aims to strengthen students’ cultural identity, helping them gain a deeper understanding and respect for their own culture through learning about music from diverse cultural backgrounds. Lastly, the study aims to enhance students’ intercultural communication skills, using music as a medium to foster exchange and collaboration among students from different cultural contexts. By conducting an in-depth analysis of multicultural theories and considering the current state of university music curricula both domestically and internationally, the paper proposes a series of practical design principles and implementation strategies. These insights are intended to offer valuable guidance for the reform and development of music curricula in Chinese universities.

Negritude: A Universal Heritage; from the Quartier Latin in France to the City of Chicago in the United States of America

Black is beautiful! Such words from Martin Luther King are much telling about the inner meaning of movements like that of Negritude. Born out of the wings of racism and exclusion, the Negritude movement voiced out the strong need to step out of any form of inferiority complex. With a vision that africanized the notion of Africanity, the movement crossed borders to find roots in the Western and Caribbean lands before fostering around the world. Thus, in this paper, it is targeted to show up how Léopol Sedar Senghor’s and his likes’ positions that splashed away the negative image stuck on the the Black man for centuries, through a cultural crusade. A re-reading of the Negritude is recoursed to to update the other forms of negritude-oriented expressions the African Diaspora has been experiencing so far. Based on the theory of multiculturalism, our analysis has put forwards the challenging exercise to know oneself before any attempt to merge into the main stream of cultural identities.

Multicultural conversations: The nature and future of culture, identity and nationalism

Despite well-known criticism of multiculturalism in Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Canada, Australia, India and elsewhere since 9/11, such policies have proliferated ( Banting and Kymlicka, 2013 ; Mathieu, 2018 ) and the Canadian and Australian policies of multiculturalism have since celebrated their 50th birthdays. Political theories of multiculturalism have proliferated in this period too ( Lenard, 2022 ; Modood, 2007/2013 ; Patten, 2014 ; Parekh, 2006 , 2019 ; Phillips, 2007 ; Tyler, 2011 ). Schools of multiculturalist thought have been identified ( Levey, 2019 ; Uberoi and Modood, 2019 ), as have contextual methods in the political theory and normative sociology of multiculturalism ( Modood, 2020 ; Modood and Thompson, 2018 ). New historical inquiries into the origins of the political thought of multiculturalism have begun ( Tyler, 2017 ; Uberoi, 2021 ) and the ideas of multiculturalists have been altered to defend majority rights ( Koopmans and Orgad, 2022 ). Current and former politicians continue to debate its merits ( Braverman, 2023 ; Denham, 2023 ). Policies of multiculturalism and multiculturalist ideas have thus proved more resilient than many had thought. In the following conversation chaired by James Connelly, which took place on 20 June 2023, Bhikhu Parekh, Tariq Modood, Varun Uberoi, and Colin Tyler discuss the history, varied natures, and future of the contested multiculturalist ideas of “culture,” “identity” and “nationalism”.

Conceptualising personhood in nursing care for people with altered consciousness, cognition and behaviours: A discussion paper.

The aim of this discussion paper is to explore factors and contexts that influence how nurses might conceptualise and assign personhood for people with altered consciousness, cognition and behaviours. While a biomedical framing is founded upon a dichotomy between the body and self, such that the body can be subjected to a medical and objectifying gaze, relational theories of self, multiculturalism and technological advances for life-sustaining interventions present new dilemmas which necessitate discussion about what constitutes personhood. The concept of personhood is dynamic and evolving: where historical constructs of rationality, agency, autonomy and a conscious mind once formed the basis for personhood, these ideas have been challenged to encompass embodied, relational, social and cultural paradigms of selfhood. Themes in this discussion include: the right to personhood, mind-body dualism versus the embodied self; personhood as consciousness, rationality and narratives of self; social relational contexts of personhood and cultural contexts of personhood. Patricia Benner's and Christine Tanner's clinical judgement model is then applied to consider the implications for nursing care that seeks to reflexively incorporate personhood. Nurse clinicians are able to move between conceptions of personhood and act to support the body, as well as presumed autonomy and relational, social and cultural personhood. In doing so, they use analytical, intuitive and narrative reasoning which prioritises autonomous constructions of self. They also incorporate relational and social contexts of the person receiving care within the possibilities of technological advances and constraints of contextual resources.

Feminist discontents against multiculturalism: The need for critical multiculturalism

Multiculturalism and feminism both contest the undifferentiated notion of liberal democracy and its overemphasis on individual rights; however, the latter does not conform with the special group rights advocated by multiculturalism. This article explores the tension between the feminist idea of gender equality and the group-specific rights endorsed by multiculturalism. The claim of group-specific rights in multiculturalism does not consider internal gender inequalities. Hence, the article critically analyzes some cultural practices to demonstrate how culture is gendered and how multicultural advocacy of group-specific rights is insensitive to gender discrimination within cultural groups. It employs an integrative literature review as a methodology to assess the theory of multiculturalism and draws a feminist perspective to suggest a critical model of multiculturalism. It is concluded that multiculturalism is not sufficient to combat patriarchal repression embodied in the cultural groups. Thus, the article further seeks to forge a form of multiculturalism that is critical to its own shortcomings and is ready to accommodate gender equality.

Harmonization in A Multicultural Society in Padangpanjang City

This research examines "Harmonization in a multicultural society in Padangpanjang city". The purpose of this research is to see what values the community holds firmly in order to harmonize the harmonization. The writing method used by the presenter is a qualitative method. The theory of multiculturalism becomes a dissection of the problems used by the presenter. The findings of this study indicate that the harmonization of religious communities in the middle of the city of Padangpanjang is still maintained despite the pressure of the Islamic majority.

Migration and Cultural Integration in Germany

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the migration and cultural integration in Germany. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Migration and cultural integration in Germany present both achievements and hurdles. Successful integration hinges on factors like language skills, education access, and job opportunities. Yet, challenges persist due to cultural disparities, discrimination, and social exclusion. Though progress is evident, ensuring migrants' seamless integration remains a continual and intricate endeavor in Germany. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social identity theory, multiculturalism theory & transnationalism theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the migration and cultural integration in Germany. Community-based organizations, educational institutions, and government agencies should collaborate to provide tailored support services and resources that empower immigrants to fully participate in German society while preserving their cultural identities. Policymakers should enact policies that promote inclusive societies and remove barriers to immigrant integration in Germany.

Identity Politics Violations in Indonesian Elections

Identity politics violations are a frequent phenomenon in elections in Indonesia, where ethnic, religious, ethnic, gender, or other social group identities are manipulated or exploited for political gain. The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze, and understand more deeply about identity politics violations in elections, as well as their implications for democracy and Indonesian society as a whole. The analysis will be based on the theory of identity politics, multiculturalism, and political participation. The results of the analysis show that political elites and candidates for regional heads tend to use or maintain identity politics for political interests and strengthen power hegemony. As a result, the use of religious issues as political tools in the 2019 Presidential Election is a source of tension and a potential threat to the country's social and political stability. With a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, this research is expected to provide valuable insights for political stakeholders, electoral institutions, and society at large to develop prevention and countermeasures against identity politics violation and strengthen the foundation of an inclusive and equitable democracy in Indonesia.

REFLEKSI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL PADA PEMUJAAN HINDU-ISLAM DI PURA KRAMAT DESA ADAT SESEH KECAMATAN MENGWI KABUPATEN BADUNG

Kramat Temple has beliefs that have multicultural nuances as seen from the worship carried out by two different religions, namely Hinduism and Islam. However, the positive construct of multicultural trust is not yet fully understood. Evidently, multicultural beliefs are only understood as unique things that occur in the area of ​​Hindu religious life. Narratively, this research tries to provide an exploration of positive reflection in a socio-religious frame that was born from the multicultural education frame at Kramat Temple. Data in this case was collected through observation techniques, interviews, document study, literature study, and discussed using the theory of multiculturalism. The results of this research show that the reflection of multicultural theology at Kramat Temple is as follows: first, multiculturalism education stimulates an increase in the quality of tolerance. Second, multicultural education has succeeded in strengthening universal brotherhood. Third, educational multiculturalism encourages valued attitudes. Fourth, multicultural education intensifies religious dialogue. True multicultural education cannot be done only by relying on theory and learning in formal schools. However, on the one hand, we need a real example, in this case the multicultural phenomenon at Kramat Temple.

The sociological dimensions of multicultural education

AbstractThe United States began as a place of bondage, a European‐privileged, segregated state where profit and exploitation ruled the day. American schools developed within this racially discriminate society. Euro‐American officials excluded African descendants and other people of color from political, economic, and educational opportunities. One theory to emerge for including non‐European descendants into America's segregated schools was multicultural education, which theorists established to provide African Americans and others with equal access to mainstream educational services. The popular terms to arise from multicultural education are diversity and inclusion although educators often use the condescending term “minorities” to describe communities of color. Critics of multicultural education believe it is unnecessary because it would create disunity and negate America's core values. Critics also believe multicultural educators do not address the impact of racism on educational development. Unlike multicultural educators, critical race theorists analyze the impact of racism as multicultural theorists tend to view racism as a social anomaly motivated by individual choice. This paper is an exploration of the sociological complexities of multicultural education and its effectiveness as a response to America's unjust society, the possibility of non‐white ethnic groups working together to create an atmosphere of educational equality under the theoretical guidance of multicultural education, and the extent of how students of color may include themselves in standard American school curriculums.

Consent, Multiculturalism, and Exit: A Contemporary Critique of Religious Accommodation and the Right to Sex Equality

ABSTRACT As liberal legal systems worldwide develop new forms of multicultural accommodation, this article identifies a noteworthy shift. Democracies have been moving from non-interference in internal illiberal community norms to a growing readiness to allow inegalitarian norms, especially norms discriminating against women, into general societal spheres, as a means for minority integration. Religious women’s consent to modesty and segregation norms has been central in legitimating these novel modes of accommodation. Relying on feminist critiques of consent and using Israeli law as its case study, the article demonstrates how the liberal discourse readily embraces women’s consent to sidestep difficult questions concerning harm to gender equality. Consent serves to sustain normative ambiguity about sex segregation and about the boundaries between public and private. Finally, the expansion of inegalitarian practices from the community onto the larger society further problematizes the idea of the right of exit, a core component of liberal multiculturalism theory.

تیۆرەکانى مامەڵەى فرەیی کەلتورى لە کۆمەڵگەى مەدەنى هاوچەرخ دا توێژینەوەیەکى وەسفی - شیکارییە

Contemporary civil society is dealing with an issue of how to deal with different cultures. This issue has led to the emergence of different views and opinions to discuss the relationship between society and different cultures on the one hand, and the relationship between diverse cultures themselves Different theories of cultural differences Some of these theories are about the merging and assimilation of minority cultures into the idol of high cultural values, including traditional or holistic assimilation theory, fragmentary assimilation theory, cultural integration theory, and cultural freedom or multicultural theory It opens up cultural freedoms and their protection, how these theories work and their relationship to the unity of society and state security, as well as different views on these theories with their approval or rejection and their arguments. Contemporary civil society's exposure to these theories has had different effects on both the collective level of groups and minorities and the individual level, as some groups or individuals have been willing to assimilate, culturally integrate, or preserve their own culture and values According to multicultural theory, different cultures can live without conflict and become the basis for coordination, development, social unity and preservation of the integrity of the state.

Social Justice in Education: Creating an Inclusive Culture at Schools Through Critical Multicultural Theory

During the 21st century, major social changes have occurred, such as technological development and the COVID-19 pandemic, along with war conflicts and economic crises, which have created refugee and migration flows. In addition, globally, by promoting social justice, efforts are made to combat any kind of discrimination and exclusion related to race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, and gender identification. School is an organization alive and open to society, affected by every social change. Within this organization, the citizens of the future are formed. Social justice in school education contributes significantly to this, as it is a process in which teachers and students actively contribute to the formation of a democratic, inclusive environment. This study presents the theoretical approaches of social justice in education, emphasizing, however, the critical multicultural theory, as it delves into finding the most effective ways to eliminate social inequalities and exclusion.

Acculturation of Hindu and Buddhist Culture at Goa Giri Putri Temple Nusa Penida

The purpose of this study is to determine the process of Hindu-Buddhist cultural acculturation in Goa Giri Putri Temple, identifying the form and meaning contained in the cultural acculturation. This study uses the theory of cultural acculturation to analyse the process and forms of the cultural acculturation that occur in the temple and multiculturalism theory to analyse the meaning/values involved in the cultural acculturation. The method used in this research is qualitative. Data were collected through an in-depth interview and observation. The data were analysed using a descriptive-analytical technique. The findings show that the process of cultural acculturation in Goa Giri Putri temple is the openness of the community to the entry of outside culture (Chinese culture) into Hindu culture and the existence of community beliefs or faith. Acculturation can be seen in the form of Buddhist worship statues placed alongside the worship (pelinggih) of Hindu gods at the Goa Giri Putri Temple. The means of worship used also do not distinguish between Hindu and Buddhist beliefs. Hindu-Buddhist cultural acculturation in Goa Giri Putri Temple has the meaning of providing an understanding of multicultural values and socio-religious values for the people of Karangsari Hamlet, Suana Village, Nusa Penida.

The Successful Integration of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) and Multicultural Theory: Drew Mendelson’s Psychotherapy with "Alice" and "Steve"

In reading Drew Mendelson’s case study, I am inspired and hopeful about the possibilities for our field to address diversity. Although there are many things to admire and discuss about Mendelson’s work, and many implications that it has for clinicians, I am choosing to focus this commentary solely on aspects of diversity, something that Mendelson clearly thinks and cares about, and something that the field is still learning how to integrate into treatment. I will discuss how Mendelson shared his knowledge of the challenges that later-life couples face, recognizing age as an aspect of diversity that needs more attention. Then I will discuss the couple that Mendelson treated and analyze how Mendelson used cultural competence to assess the role of diversity in their lives and to bridge differences between him and the couple and between the two partners. Given that Mendelson used Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) with this case, I will review the aspects of EFCT that appear to be quite useful for working with diverse couples, as well as a set of fatal flaws that hinder the ability of EFCT and other Western treatments to address diversity fully. Based upon those observations, I conclude with the reasons why I believe that Mendelson successfully integrated EFCT and multiculturalism to tailor treatment to the couple, "Alice" and "Steve."

How Early Social Work Faculty Experienced Support in Their Doctoral Programs

ABSTRACT To promote social justice, doctoral programs can implement policies that support underrepresented students’ success. Drawing on critical multicultural theory, we surveyed early-career social work faculty (N = 127) about experiences within their doctoral programs, and analyzed how perceptions differ based on their social identities, part-time student status, or outside work responsibilities. Descriptive results, independent samples t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and linear regression analyses suggest that social work doctoral programs support students through scholarly communities, academic mentors, and cohorts. Respondents experienced limited support relating to their development of professional skills like teaching or applying for funding, and even less relating to their social and emotional wellbeing. Our findings can help professional organizations and doctoral programs develop a healthier, more inclusive professoriate.

How many worlds are there? One, but also many: Decolonial theory, comparison, ‘reality’

Contemporary political theory (CPT) has approached questions of plurality and diversity by drawing rather implicitly on anthropological accounts of difference. This was the case with the ‘cultural turn’, which significantly shaped theories of multiculturalism. Similarly, the current ‘ontological turn’ is gaining influence and leaving a marked impact on CPT. I examine the recent turn and assess both the possibilities it offers and the challenges it poses for decentering CPT and opening radical, decolonial avenues for thinking difference otherwise. I take Paul Nadasdy's critique of the ontological turn as an invitation to reflect on the methodological precepts that inform how the field frames the scope and limits of comparison. In pursuit of this, I examine the Zapatistas’ notion of a ‘world of many worlds’, which provides a way of approaching difference that captures the generative aspects of the ontological turn while avoiding the pitfalls of relativism and political inertia. I argue that the Zapatistas’ insights offer ethical guidance towards social and ecological thriving. Ultimately, my goal is to move CPT towards a more capacious form of making sense of what is out there in the world, and thus make room for better ways of inhabiting the Earth.

“MENYAMA BRAYA”: THE ROOTS OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN SINGARAJA BALI

"Menyama Braya" is the local wisdom of the Balinese people, which has been carried out since ancient times from generation to generation. By carrying out the menyama braya tradition, religious moderation will be realized, strengthening integrity and solidarity among religious believers in the present and future. However, recently the implementation of the rule of meyama braya has been almost forgotten; this is due to several factors, including the change in direct communication to indirect through digital media that can communicate remotely; the condition of covid 19 has also caused people not to be able to communicate directly between fellow religions and the lack of information about the importance of living together with braya. By tracing several research results and journals, until now, no one has brought up the tradition of mesama braya about religious moderation in Singaraja City. Therefore researchers feel the need and are interested in raising this issue for research. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with qualitative data types, namely data in the form of descriptive words, and supported by quantitative data, namely data in the form of numbers, such as the population based on religion. Primary data sources came from several informants: the Board of FKUB of Buleleng Regency, the Board of Traditional Villages in Buleleng District, Pekaseh (kelian Subak), Academics, and other general public. While the secondary data is in the form of library sources relevant to the problems studied, namely the research results, journals, and several books related to this research. The theories used in studying and analyzing the data are the theory of multiculturalism, integrative constructivism, and social action theory. Based on the data analysis, it can be seen that the meyama braya tradition is the root of religious moderation, which is implemented in the forms of the ngejot, magibung, sekaa duka, religious activities, and subak organizations

Fruit Picking and Farmwork as Racialised Stigma: The Children of Pacific Migrant Workers in Rural Australia

ABSTRACT Pacific youth growing up in rural horticultural towns in Victoria, Australia, frequently experience the stigmatising labels of ‘fruit picker’ and ‘farmworker’. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in the Sunraysia region, we focus on schools as early sites of racialisation and racism, and compare the perspectives of students and teachers. While teachers often blame ‘culture’ for poor academic performance, students complain of teachers’ racism while also experiencing low confidence and poor self-esteem that hinder their academic progress. Underpinning these issues is the racial hierarchy in the towns, shaped by their particular histories of colonisation, migration and intercultural relationships. Current theories of rural multiculturalism tend to focus on everyday interactions and strategies to encourage social cohesion, with the inherent danger of neglecting the deeper structural issues. We argue that Pacific youth seeking to move beyond the casual and precarious farmwork undertaken by their migrant parents encounter structural barriers that begin in schools and profoundly shape their future opportunities.