Multicultural Model Research Articles

Redefining Intercultural Competence Using the Delphi Method

This study employs the Delphi method to ascertain intercultural scholars’ current consensus on a definition, specific components, and key evaluation criteria of intercultural competence. Sixty-eight leading intercultural scholars from Euro-American and East-Asian countries participated in this study. The results are largely congruent with the previous study, nonetheless some new elements emerge from this study. Based on the findings, intercultural competence is redefined and a multicultural model is proposed.

Концептуалізація моделей адаптації сучасних мігрантів з України в Ізраїлі

The article is devoted to the conceptualization of the sociological construct of adaptation of migrants based on the theory of ethnic stratification and the concept of a two-level dimension of adaptation: the dimension of value orientations and social inclusion, within the framework of an empirical study on the adaptation strategies of modern migrants from Ukraine to Israel. Depending on the level of social inclusion and value orientations of migrants regarding the ethnic affiliation of migrants, which is characteristic of migrants from Ukraine in Israel, five possible adaptation models of migrants were identified: assimilation, value integration, inclusive integration, multiculturalism and segregation, each of which is inherent certain categories of migrants from Ukraine in Israel. The model of assimilation is widespread among religious Jewish migrants. Models of multiculturalism and value integration are widespread among secular Jewish migrants. Models of segregation and inclusive integration are inherent in the category of non-Jewish migrants.

Feminist discontents against multiculturalism: The need for critical multiculturalism

Multiculturalism and feminism both contest the undifferentiated notion of liberal democracy and its overemphasis on individual rights; however, the latter does not conform with the special group rights advocated by multiculturalism. This article explores the tension between the feminist idea of gender equality and the group-specific rights endorsed by multiculturalism. The claim of group-specific rights in multiculturalism does not consider internal gender inequalities. Hence, the article critically analyzes some cultural practices to demonstrate how culture is gendered and how multicultural advocacy of group-specific rights is insensitive to gender discrimination within cultural groups. It employs an integrative literature review as a methodology to assess the theory of multiculturalism and draws a feminist perspective to suggest a critical model of multiculturalism. It is concluded that multiculturalism is not sufficient to combat patriarchal repression embodied in the cultural groups. Thus, the article further seeks to forge a form of multiculturalism that is critical to its own shortcomings and is ready to accommodate gender equality.

Concept and Implementation Model Multicultural Islamic Education FKUB Balikpapan City in Developing a Tolerant Attitude

In Balikpapan City as a city whose level of diversity is so complex, it cannot be separated from social problems that can lead to social disintegration. The preventive action taken by the Balikpapan City Government is to build a partnership between the Balikpapan City Religious Ummah Communication Forum (FKUB). The Balikpapan City Government's step in starting with FKUB is a strategic step in strengthening multicultural values to anticipate the disintegration of socialization. The review of this paper is based on the results of research with a qualitative descriptive approach to the phenomena and facts that occur at the research locus. Using this type of phenomenology, the author reveals the concepts built and models implemented about the values of multicultural Islamic education in Balikpapan City. The existence of the term multicultural as a social term that views cultural equality, then multicultural value in the context of Islamic teachings is the concept of social ethics in covering cultural diversity according to the views of Islamic teachings. The values developed and most crucial are: Silaturrahim, please help, equality and equal rights, justice and care. In instilling Islamic education values, the models and multicultural approaches carried out by FKUB Balikpapan City are: a. Interreligious Dialogue Model, b. Social Action Model, c. Empowerment and Engagement of Social Resources Model 1. In developing the tolerant attitude of the people of Balikpapan City, FKUB takes a role by instilling and strengthening the values of multicultural Islamic education. 2. The values of multicultural Islamic education become crucial values in a society with such a complex level of plurality as in Balikpapan City. 3. In instilling and strengthening the values of Islamic education, the multicultural model carried out by FKUB Balikpapan City is the Interfaith Dialogue Model, Social Action Model, Empowerment Model and Social Resource Involvement.

MULTİKULTURALİZMİN İNKİŞAFINDA DİL AMİLİ

The Linguistic Factor in the Development of Multiculturalism Summary The research conducted has formed an opinion about the importance of the relationship between multiculturalism and language. There is a strong connection between different models of multiculturalism and languages around the world. Because language as a means of communication unites different segments of multiculturalism. If communication is clear and positive, opinions and ideas will be clearly received by different groups and will be useful in negotiations and integration to resolve interests. This, in turn, can create a foundation for peaceful coexistence of people with different identities. In many cases, language problems have been observed in the society. Lack of communication due to language can complicate the problem. Key words: multiculturalism, language, minorities, society, linguistic rights, coexistence

Indigestible performances: Women, punk, and the limits of British multiculturalism in Nida Mazoor’s We Are Lady Parts

ABSTRACT This article examines the political potential and limits of Muslim punk feminism within the context of multicultural Britain through a reading of the first season of Channel 4’s 2021 dramedy We Are Lady Parts. The show explores how the religious and cultural beliefs of Muslim communities are represented as incompatible with contemporary British values. To situate the cultural politics of the text, the article considers the characters in relation to their exclusion from “legitimate” British society, as well as their original feminist strategies as a subversive and novel response to it. Muslim women are read through a nexus of social factors – international and national. These readings can be viewed as both productive and conflicting: at some times producing important rereadings of the submissive and oppressed orientalized Muslim female figure, while at others challenging the possibility of a stable Muslim female identity as positioned in normative models of British assimilationist multiculturalism.

Мультимәдениет саясатының бүгіні мен ертеңі – Корея мен Қазақстан үлгісінің негізінде

The article examines the development and current state of multicultural policy using the examples of South Korea and Kazakhstan. The study includes an analysis of theoretical models of multiculturalism, such as the assimilation model, the exclusion model and the multicultural model. Historical and contemporary aspects of the application of these models in the two countries are discussed, including laws and regulations aimed at integrating immigrants. The results and challenges faced by South Korea and Kazakhstan in the process of forming a multicultural society are analyzed. Based on this experience, recommendations are offered to improve multicultural policies to ensure sustainable social cohesion.

The Development of Multicultural Islamic Education in the Modern Era: Relevance and Challenges

Multicultural Islamic Education is an education that emphasizes multiculturalism as one of the visions of education with the main character that is inclusive, egalitarian, and humanist but remains firmly based on spiritual and divine values based on the Qur'an and Sunnah. The type of research used is the qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. This research collected data through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Researchers conducted epoché, followed by data analysis with three stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. The study's results demonstrate the relevance of developing multicultural Islamic education in the modern era, which provides high respect and guarantees for each individual. Therefore, it is incorrect to assume that Islamic education lacks humanistic elements. Furthermore, the study's findings indicate that the development of multicultural Islamic education is not a simple task. This study found challenges and obstacles in formulating and adopting multiculturalism in the world of Islamic education, including: differences in the boundaries of multiculturalism as an ideology, exclusivism in homogeneous groups, vague tolerance boundaries that have the potential to cause egocentrism, the selection of appropriate multicultural models and types for Islamic education, and the feasibility and readiness of each component of the Islamic education system. The study's results suggest several ways to enhance multicultural Islamic education, including the need to keep refining the discourse of multicultural Islamic education. Second, that must continue to deepen and explore the concept of education, which upholds values, beliefs, heterogeneity, plurality, diversity, and all aspects of community life within the context of studying Islamic teachings based on the Qur'an and Sunnah. Third, further research is needed to establish the concept and form of multicultural Islamic education that can be implemented in practice.

Cooperative Teaching Practices: The Experience of Multicultural Coordination between Spain and Ecuador

This study presents the results of an analysis of teaching practices within the Master’s Programme in Teacher Training and Development, a collaborative Master’s coordinated by the University of Salamanca (Spain) for the Ecuadorian Teacher’s professional development. The objective is to reflect upon and analyse the Practicum processes from the multicultural model based on cultural pluralism complemented with a socio-critical approach, paying special attention to the dimensions of cultural and educational diversity framed in cooperative processes. In addition to documentary analysis, two Delphi studies were conducted, one involving administrators of educational centres hosting student teachers, and the other involving personnel responsible for Practicum management. The findings emphasise the importance of cooperative and collaborative processes involving all professionals from both countries, for binational teaching practices to respond constructively to the educational challenges of cultural diversity arising from globalization. The evidence of the elements from the cultural pluralism model provides an excellent reference point for this. The educational challenges of diverse and multicultural societies require responses from a socio-critical approach that analyses reality from broad perspectives such as cultural pluralism that permeates educational interventions, including teaching practices. This is a multidimensional process that requires continuous communication and cooperation processes.

The Tethered Fates of Japan's "Foreigner" Communities: Zainichi Koreans, Residency Provisions, and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: This article explores how the fates of Japan's "foreign" communities—both "oldcomer" Zainichi Korean residents and "newcomer" foreign residents—have, especially since the 1990s, become tethered to one another. The authors argue that the postwar Zainichi Korean campaigns for legal, social, economic, educational, ethnic, constitutional, and welfare benefits have laid a foundation of "residency provisions" that the contemporary newcomer foreign community have also come to heavily rely on. However, access to such residency provisions by non-Japanese has increasingly come under attack from nativist and xenophobic groups such as the Zaitokukai and political parties such as the Japan First Party. More recently, waves of COVID-19 pandemic border closures and "states of emergency" incited a cultural and political environment in which "foreigners" became inextricably linked to the virus as a threat. Political and public support for border closures and stricter immigration controls coalesced with divisive and xenophobic movements that had primarily targeted Zainichi Koreans. The authors maintain this resulted in a shift towards exclusionary discourses directed at Japan's "foreigner" communities more generally. As social outgroups in contemporary Japan, Zainichi Koreans and newcomer foreigners are semantically, socially, and—most importantly—politically excluded through the Japanese/foreigner divide that continues to permeate Japanese self-consciousness. In conclusion, the case study of "IKUNO Tabunka Flat" is introduced as a model of Zainichi Korean grass-roots multiculturalism that attempts to overcome social division and isolation in Ikuno's "foreign" communities and assist in the creation of a more substantive and meaningful multicultural community in contemporary Japan.

W kierunku państwa przyjaznego migrantom – polityka imigracyjna rządu SPD, FDP i Zielonych

The aim of the article is to examine the actions taken by the government of the SPD-FDP-Greens in Germany as part of the migration policy towards foreigners, both arriving in and residing in the country. The work is intended to clarify whether these decisions were part of the multicultural model of immigration policy. The article analyzes the activities of the government, the intention of which was to regulate the stay and introduce facilitations in terms of coming to Germany, and points to the consequences of this policy. The government’s actions included, among others: continuation of the voluntary resettlement programme, joining the group of countries voluntarily accepting migrants, easing the requirements in the procedure of granting citizenship, introducing the right of occasional residence for tolerated persons, shortening the duration of the asylum procedure and not introducing regular border checks on sections of the border that were exposed to high migration pressure. They resulted in an increase in migration pressure to Germany and a large number of applications for international protection.

Across the Pacific Divide: Latin American Experiences of Integration and Well-Being in Canada and Australia

ABSTRACT There has been a paucity of comparative research regarding social inclusion for the Latin American diaspora worldwide, and this is particularly the case for scholarly work that connects countries in the Americas with nations across the Pacific. Rather than recognise the growing number of Latin Americans who travel throughout the regions of the Pacific Rim, scholarship has remained heavily dominated by works relating to the Latin American population in the United States of America and Europe. In this paper, we shift the attention to Canada and Australia, where both countries increasingly interrogate what have historically been comparable models of multiculturalism and interculturalism. Drawing on data from more a survey of 1600 respondents, we argue that personal and social ties are key to cultivating positive post-migration subjective well-being. In so doing, we highlight the effects of subjective well-being and barriers to integration and belonging. We further illustrate the implications of the intersections of gender, class, and ethnicity in relation to migrants’ well-being and inclusion. Such research demonstrates the need for a better contextualised understanding of migrant inclusion, and for detailed analysis of the situated relationships that constitute Latin American migrant identities across the Pacific Rim.

A post‐imperial, pluralist nationalism? From the Five Nation Republic of China to multicultural Taiwan

AbstractAlthough many nations emerged during the collapse of the empire, the case of China is curious in its failure to divide into separate nation‐states. Resisting disunion, the Republic of China (ROC) adopted a rhetoric of national pluralism and laid claim to the fallen Qing Empire's vast territory. This divergence from other post‐imperial nationalisms engenders questions about the legacy of imperialism in the ROC's approaches to nation‐building. Such questions remain salient after the ROC retreat to Taiwan (1949), as since the end of martial law (1987), the ROC has championed itself as a model of multiculturalism. This paper examines the extent to which today's ‘Multicultural Taiwan’ paradigm differs from 20th‐century official conceptualisations of pluralism, through discourse analysis of publications from the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission (MTAC). Investigation finds that despite centring Taiwan in national ideology, certain Chinese imperialist attitudes towards cultural hierarchy remained influential in MTAC representations of pluralism within Asia.

Ethnocultural Pluralism and Multiculturalism in Contemporary Montenegro: Lessons to Learn

The paper discusses successful management of ethnocultural pluralism in the context of Montenegro, viewed from the perspective of multiculturalism as a normative-legal model that this state adopted in relation to ethnic and national communities that inhabit its territory. Particular emphasis is placed on three different levels at which ethnocultural pluralism can be discussed, and the paper elaborates the issue of successful management at each of those levels. On the basis of available data, obtained by conducting relevant research and analysis of the applied model of multiculturalism, the paper delves into the key challenges of the process of transformation of Montenegrin society in the context of dominance of ethnonationalism.

Anna Triandafyllidou and Tariq Modood (eds), The Problem of Religious Diversity: European Challenges and Asian Approaches; Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2017, $53.61 (Paperback), pp. 352, ISBN 9781474419093

Religion and religious diversity are two of the most critical aspects of European diversity today. Older models of republicanism and multiculturalism appear to be in crisis, but no new “third route” between laicité and state religion is emerging.

Model of Multicultural Education In Religion As A Strengthening Strategy The Character of Tolerance In Early Childhood

Multiculturalism is a nation's priceless wealth, as a potential that must be developed and fostered; otherwise, if this diversity is not developed and nurtured correctly, it will grow into something frightening that impacts intolerance between communities. This research was conducted in formal institutions at the early childhood level. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use the theory of Miles and Huberman, namely data condensation, data presentation, and inference. This research concludes that the multicultural model in religion can be implemented in three forms: Content Integration, Equitable Pedagogy, and Empowering School Culture and Social Structure. First, this Content Integration can be carried out with the learning center model by providing examples that occur in everyday life from various points of view; this activity is structured in three stages: opening, core, and closing. Second, in applying equitable pedagogical education, namely praying according to their respective beliefs, there is no difference between Muslim and non-Muslim students. Still, activities that contain religious elements are carried out differently. Third, in applying cultural empowerment, empowering school culture and the social structure includes routine and exemplary habituation activities.

The Assembly of people of Kazakhstan as an institution of interculturalism policy

The article reveals the origins of the systemic crisis of the neoliberal model of multiculturalism. It is shown that the conceptual foundations and socio-political technologies of the neoliberal project of a multicultural society were unable to combine the principle of recognition and promotion of cultural diversity with the imperative of strengthening the civil-political, cultural, spiritual unity of the people. The search for a new model of nation-building and management of ethno-cultural diversity led to the emergence of the concept of interculturalism in the early 2000s. Interculturalism is considered by modern political theory as a kind of third way between the extremes of multiculturalism and the policy of assimilation. The article shows that the approaches and principles of interculturalism are consistently and effectively implemented in the national policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, having received institutional consolidation in the form of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan.

Differentialism and the Hijab : Framing Gender, Ethnic and Religious Differences in Germany, France, and Sweden

While some countries might have similar views on the meaning of hijab, there have been raging debates on some of the policy measures taken to regulate face veiling. Countries such as France have issued a ban on the wearing of hijab in public institutions, in Germany the decision rests with municipalities or states, and Sweden has little public debate with no prohibitive regulations. This study comparatively examined the issues surrounding the debates on hijab in Germany, France, and Sweden, and the resultant policy outcomes. By framing the debates around the differences and similarities in gender, ethnic or migrant integration, and religious factors, we argue that the debates on hijab and its regulations are influenced by the national models of these factors. The ethno-cultural and multicultural models are accommodative of hijab, unlike the assimilationist model that requires complete absorption to the dominant culture. This study asserts that there are possibilities of convergence of thoughts on how these institutional models can minimize conflicts in multicultural societies where hijab-wearing women are active participants. Thus, the study contributes to our understanding the implications for ethnically and religiously diverse societies and their governance.

Book Review: "Seldom in the Nick of Time": Emil Sîrbulescu's Literatura americană și provocarea etnicității

In 2020, the distinguished professor and scholar from the University of Craiova, Emil Sîrbulescu published the above mentioned book with a view to consolidating the academic research in Romania pertaining to race and ethnicity in the context of American culture and literature. If in the title the readers are threatened with the perspective of a magnum opus—“the challenge of ethnicity”—in the subtitle items seem to be subdued and thus confined to the still complex and complicated space of the African-American novel. Following the introduction, “About cultural diversity,” a first part of the book is dedicated to that particular challenge, as implying the “construction of a multicultural model.” The second part details “the maturing of the African-American novel,” whereas the third provides the readers with a case-study, i.e. Toni Morrison’s works. And last, but not least, the section devoted to conclusions addresses a question that might prove emblematic—whether “the African-American literature still exists.” Our purpose was to highlight both the issues discussed by the author and his solid contribution to the field.

Ethnic Groups on the Move: Acculturation Dance Strategies of the Greek Gagauz

The field of this research is the area of Thrace in Greece, in which people from various ethnic groups coexist for almost a century. Most of these ethnic groups moved to the area, after voluntary migrations in 1923. The newcomers were classified as "refugees" and were treated hostilely by the locals. One of these ethnic groups that was treated hostilely was the Gagauz, a Turkish-speaking ethnic group. The aim of this research is to study the acculturation strategies of the Gagauz in their attempt to be accepted in Greek society. This study attempts to investigate the way in which the Gagauz construct and reconstruct their ethnic identity through dance. Data was gathered through the ethnographic method as this is applied to the study of dance. The interpretation of the research data in order to approach the ethnic identity of the Gagauz was based on the theoretical perspective of cultural and social construction or constructivism. This theory, in order to highlight the ethnic identity of the Gagauz, is used under the analytical terms of "acculturation" according to the multicultural model proposed by Berry. From the analysis and interpretation of the ethnographic data, it was found that the construction of the ethnic identity of the Gagauz in Greece is a fluid process, in the reconstruction of which an important factor is the degree of its acculturation. The Gagauz, experiencing a social reality that seeks to have multiple identities at the same time, change the meanings of their actions always in relation to their social environment. Thus, on the one hand, they choose to have a Greek Thracian ethnic identity, on the other Gagauz ethnic identity, and on a third level they self-identify as Greek Gagauz. So, depending on their circumstances and feelings, they choose a different ethnic identity.