Multiband Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

Design and Analysis of Multiband Microstrip Antenna Using Multiple Notches for Wireless Communication in L and S-Band Applications

Design and Analysis of Multiband Microstrip Antenna Using Multiple Notches for Wireless Communication in L and S-Band Applications

Design and implementation of multiband microstrip antenna for energy harvesting

Design and implementation of multiband microstrip antenna for energy harvesting

Design of multi-band flexible microstrip antenna based on micro drop jetting

Due to the high compatibility of micro-droplet jetting 3D printing technology within the realm of printed electronics, a flexible and miniaturized multi-band microstrip antenna was designed. The purpose of this is to extend the wireless signal response range of wearable devices and to investigate the feasibility of producing wearable devices with high efficiency. The antenna uses polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the dielectric substrate and nanosilver as the conductive material for the radiating patch, demonstrating remarkable flexibility. The antenna’s structure underwent simulation and analysis through frequency sweeping using ANSYS HFSS simulation software. The outcomes illustrate the antenna operating within three frequency bands at 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz, and 5.8GHz, and the return loss is kept below -18dB for each central frequency. Simultaneously, it displays favorable flexibility. The radiation pattern of the antenna indicates that it has good directivity and no extra side lobes are generated. Ultimately, Antennas were fabricated using microdroplet spraying technology, and the final product’s characteristics and morphology were analyzed. The aforementioned findings demonstrate that micro-droplet jetting technology’s remarkable precision and efficiency render it a viable approach for the processing and production of flexible microstrip antennas.

Design of Multi-band Microstrip Antenna with Rectangular Patch for 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.5 GHz Frequencies

Cellular developments encourage the integration of both 4G, Wi-Fi, and 5G network technologies into one device; an antenna is a tool that can be used to support the integration of these networks. A microstrip antenna is an antenna that is small, light, thin, easy to fabricate, and can be used in long ranges. In this paper, a microstrip antenna is designed on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a permittivity of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. This research aims to design a microstrip antenna that is capable of working on 4G (2.3 GHz), Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), and 5G 3.5 GHZ) frequencies in one antenna. The microstrip antenna is designed on a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with a permittivity of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm, rectangular shaped patches, and each patch is connected using a bridging method. Next, the antenna is simulated using CST Suite 2021 software. Simulation results at frequencies of 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.5 GHz produce return losses of -23.70, -22.87, and -20.60, VSWR values of 1, respectively. .13, 1.15, and 1.20, the bandwidth values are 6.27%, 3.84%, and 5.84%, respectively, and the gain values are 4.69 dBi, 8.53 dBi, and 3.49 dBi.

A multiband slot antenna with groundless EBG structure for wearable WLAN/WiMAX applications

ABSTRACT A multiband microstrip antenna integrated with an electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure operating at WLAN and WiMAX frequencies is proposed for wearable applications. The antenna consists of a circular patch surrounded by the ground plane, separated by a ring slot. The size of the integrated antenna has been significantly reduced to 0.28 λ ×0.28 λ and thickness of 0.024 λ . A single-layered planar groundless EBG structure has been designed to suppress the wideband of frequencies from 2.2 to 5.4 GHz. An equivalent circuit model is presented to explain the zero-degree reflection phase of the EBG. Integration of the antenna with the EBG structure and a simple resonator bestows operating bands at 2.45 and 5.2, 5.5 and 5.8 GHz with significantly low back radiation. The gain and directivity of the antenna have been increased to 5.41 dB and 6.2 dB, respectively. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the antenna has been reduced to 0.0859W/kg, which is significantly lower than the admissible SAR value recommended by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate, and its measured radiation characteristics are well matched to the simulated one.

High Gain Multiband Microstrip Antenna for LTE, WLAN, Amateur Radio, and Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

High Gain Multiband Microstrip Antenna for LTE, WLAN, Amateur Radio, and Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

Genetic algorithm for the design of a multiband microstrip antenna with self‐avoiding geometry obtained by backtracking

SummaryThe growth of small communication devices has pushed designers to design compact‐size antennas. These antennas must be low cost, lightweight, needed for mechanically robust construction, and ease of installation. In this paper, we use a novel genetic algorithm (GA) to produce an ensemble of compact self‐avoiding (SA) antennas such that the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is less than 2 at the desired frequencies (as a measure of efficiency); an optimization criterion to get a desirable multiband antenna in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band. First, the electromagnetic properties of these antennas are simulated using the method of moments in MATLAB. SA antennas form a particular set of dipoles introduced here by applying a novel backtracking algorithm. We also use a Lindenmayer system that generates the geometries by a Turtle graphics render to reach our goal. Next, we simulate the VSWR for 150,000 SA antennas with lengths from 0.1 to 0.4 m; 10 different frequencies are chosen randomly within the UHF band to obtain our results. All the VSWR 2 are clustered using density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm (DBSCAN), so our method provides the frequency ranges where this condition is fulfilled. From this, we obtain the VSWR minimums used for the antenna design. Finally, as an instance, we use our results to select the appropriate size of a multiband antenna and, through genetic algorithms, modify the geometry to satisfy the design requirements.

Multi-Band mm-Wave Wearable Antenna Synthesized with a Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents the design of a novel fabric-based multi-band microstrip antenna in mm-wave frequencies for wearable applications. The reference patch antenna was etched on a flexible polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fabric substrate with an overall dimension of 18 mm × 18 mm × 0.6 mm and optimized the patch geometry using a binary-coded genetic algorithm. The algorithm iteratively creates a new shape of the path surface, evaluates the cost function, and returns the best-fitted geometry based on the formulated fitness function. The free space and on-body simulation of the best-fitted antenna performance parameter was investigated and analyzed. In free space, the proposed antenna is resonant at five distinct frequencies: 27.8 GHz, 30.3 GHz, 40.1 GHz, 47.2 GHz, and 56.7 GHz. The antenna achieves a wide bandwidth of 0.69, 2.32, 2.22, 1.76, and 8.11 GHz and an improved broadside directivity of 10.3, 8.5, 7.8, 9.6, and 8.9 dB in free space, respectively. For on-body analysis, the antenna was simulated using a three-layer human body phantom model at three distinct distances. The gain and radiation efficiency were significantly reduced when the antenna was close to the phantom model and gradually enhanced as the gap increased. Moreover, the antenna performances were evaluated and compared by using four additional fabric substrates. Because of its excellent on-body performance with flexible textile-based substrates, the optimized antenna is a suitable candidate for multi-band body-centric communications.

Evaluation of a novel hook‐shaped multiband monopole antenna based on the AHP method

Here, a multi-band microstrip-fed antenna is presented. The compact size of the antenna is 32 × 18 mm2, which makes it attractive to mobile devices. Antenna prototype is fabricated using FR4 dielectric material with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm. The radiating patch of the antenna consists of four hook-shaped rings and truncated ground-plane helps to achieve good impedance matching. A very compact microstrip feedline is utilized to couple electromagnetic energy to radiating patch. The measured S11 ≤ -10 dB of the multiband antenna is achieved at the GSM 1800 /1900 MHz, Bluetooth 2.4 GHz, WLAN 2.4/5.2 GHz and WiMAX 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz bands. The antenna's performance reveals that it operates in several bands, has a high gain, and radiates in an omnidirectional pattern. Simulated and measured results are presented to show good accommodation. In addition, to have a good view and better show the innovation presented in this article, the suggested multi-band monopole antenna is compared to various previously presented multiband microstrip antennas using the Analytic Hierarchy Process approach which is an accurate and fair method for selecting the best candidate and is used a lot in various cases.

Tunable high-gain and multiband microstrip antenna based on liquid/copper split-ring resonator superstrates for C/X band communication

We proposed a tunable, high-gain and multiband metamaterial microstrip antenna. The design structure is analysed using simulation results and measured results. The split-ring resonator superstrate and complementary split-ring resonator are used as metamaterial elements and loaded in microstrip patch antenna. The high gain is achieved by using the stacking of metamaterial superstrate above the microstrip patch antenna. We have presented the comparison of gain by loading split-ring resonator superstrate layers. The tunability is achieved by switching on and off p-i-n diodes. Three different combinations of six p-i-n diode switches are used for tuning the frequency spectrum. The improvement in bands is also achieved by different switching conditions. The liquid metamaterial superstrate shows a better response compared to the copper metamaterial superstrate. The results in terms of electric field are also presented. The design results are compared with previously published results. The proposed antenna with its tuning capacity and the high gain feature can be applied in wireless communication applications for C/X band communication.

Design of Window Grille Shape-Based Multiband Antenna for Mobile Terminals

Combined with the classic Chinese window grille structure, this paper proposes and designs a multiband microstrip antenna that can be used in wireless mobile terminal equipment. The antenna radiator adopts a rectangular bending structure with four loops, which increases the effective current path of the antenna radiator in a limited space, so that the overall antenna is miniaturized. The branch structure of the four-ring phase set increases the current path of the antenna, making the antenna multiband. The electromagnetic simulation software HFSS was used for antenna modeling and parameter optimization, and the influence of the feed structure, feed mode, and ground plate shape on the antenna was compared and analyzed. The test results show that the antenna can cover four bands, 0.85–1.1 GHz, 1.2–1.8 GHz, 2.40–2.7 GHz, and 5.05–6.3 GHz, and produce 6 main frequency points, 0.9 GHz, 1.3 GHz, 1.6 GHz, 2.55 GHz, 5.3 GHz, and 6.05 GHz. The antenna can cover various navigation systems, Bluetooth, WLAN, ISM frequency band, and 5G (5.725–5.825 GHz).

Antenna Optimization Design Based on Deep Gaussian Process Model

When using Gaussian process (GP) machine learning as a surrogate model combined with the global optimization method for rapid optimization design of electromagnetic problems, a large number of covariance calculations are required, resulting in a calculation volume which is cube of the number of samples and low efficiency. In order to solve this problem, this study constructs a deep GP (DGP) model by using the structural form of convolutional neural network (CNN) and combining it with GP. In this network, GP is used to replace the fully connected layer of the CNN, the convolutional layer and the pooling layer of the CNN are used to reduce the dimension of the input parameters and GP is used to predict output, while particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used algorithm to optimize network structure parameters. The modeling method proposed in this paper can compress the dimensions of the problem to reduce the demand of training samples and effectively improve the modeling efficiency while ensuring the modeling accuracy. In our study, we used the proposed modeling method to optimize the design of a multiband microstrip antenna (MSA) for mobile terminals and obtained good optimization results. The optimized antenna can work in the frequency range of 0.69–0.96 GHz and 1.7–2.76 GHz, covering the wireless LTE 700, GSM 850, GSM 900, DCS 1800, PCS1900, UMTS 2100, LTE 2300, and LTE 2500 frequency bands. It is shown that the DGP network model proposed in this paper can replace the electromagnetic simulation software in the optimization process, so as to reduce the time required for optimization while ensuring the design accuracy.

Development of an Inverted-h Shaped Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna for Cognitive Radio

In this paper, development of an inverted-h shaped multiband fractal microstrip antenna is presented for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio applications. An attempt is further made to optimize the proposed antenna using nature-inspired metaheuristic Moth flame optimization to achieve desired performance in 1.382 GHz, 2.623–3.101 GHz, 4.628–11.98 GHz and 13.22–20 GHz. This antenna is having multiple wide bands and almost omnidirectional radiation pattern, as per the requirements of spectrum sensing antennas for cognitive radio applications.

Design of Multiband Slot Patch Antennas for Modern Wireless Applications

In the past few years, microstrip antenna have been used in many applications because of their thin planar profile that could be easily integrated into various surfaces of aircraft, rockets and other customer-beneficial products. They are easily integrated into the same board and they allow the addition of active devices. These antennas are used in different areas like satellite navigation, mobile communication, automobiles, internet services and radars. In this study, antennas of the Coplanar (CPW-Fed) system have been used. Multi-band microstrip antennas have been designed and simulated with the help of the HFSS program about the return loss (S11). The goal of this study is to obtain multiband for working on several frequencies. Microstrip patch slot antennas using Coplanar (CPW- Fed) and working on different frequencies have been designed. This design is used in modern wireless appliances.

Design and Optimization of E Shape Multi Band Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Fractal Geometry for Wireless Communication

In this paper an E shaped multiband fractal microstrip antenna proposed. The proposed E structure uses self similar fractal concept. The geometry is extended up to two iteration which resonates at seven multiband frequencies. The proposed antenna operates in 1–2 GHz (L-band), 2–4 GHz (S-band) and 4–8 GHz (C-band) frequencies and finds uses for military and secure long distance communication and C band frequency uses like satellite communication, Wi-Fi, and Radio Detection and Ranging. All designed antennas are optimized by IE3D antenna simulation tool with FR-4 material having 4.4 dielectric constant and loss tangent = 0.02. The parameters of all antennas have been examined in terms of directivity, VSWR, return loss, resonant frequency, bandwidth and gain.

Micro Strip Patch Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications: A Review

The increasing demand for good wireless antennas in the field of wireless communication leads to the advancement in the design and development of compact microstrip patch antenna. This paper reviews the development of multiband microstrip antennas for WiMAX and WLAN applications in recent decades. Multiple advancements have been done till date in the field that includes different sizes of patches, ground plane, multiple sizes of slots (L-shaped. Rectangular, Circular shaped) have also been used to get required multiband frequencies. Dual-Band Monopole Patch Antenna Using Microstrip Fed technique was considered due to its satisfactory frequency bands with a very compact size-Slotted Microstrip Fed Monopole Antenna for Triple Band was implemented for improvement in radiation efficiency, Compact CPW-fed tri-band printed antenna with meandering split-ring slot that was considered for multiband applications , ,Miniaturized printed K shaped monopole antenna with truncated ground plane design was another technique considered for improved radiation efficiency and simple design ,Dual Band Monopole Antenna for Wlan 2.4/5.2/5.8 with Truncated Ground was considered for an accurate omnidirectional radiation pattern and comparatively high radiation efficiency, Miniaturized Pi (Π) - Slit monopole antenna for 2.4/5.2/5.8 applications was then studied for its simple and compact design. Frequencies. All these design approaches will be reviewed and discussed in this paper.

Design of New Multiband Slot Antennas for Wi-Fi Devices

Microstrip antennas cover a wide range of application in different areas, such as internet services, mobile communication, and satellite navigation. Microstrip antenna consists of two metal layers and a substrate. In the two metal layers, the top one is called patch and the bottom layer is called ground. Between the patch and the ground, there is the substrate layer, which has a certain dielectric constant and thickness. The aim of this paper is to present a way of getting multi-band antennas for Wi-Fi devices. 2.5 GHz (2.5-2.69GHZ), 3.5 GHz (3.3-3.8GHz) and 5 GHz (5.25-5.85GHz) have been used for Wi-MAX applications. HFSS software has been used for simulation process. The multiband slot antennas have been simulated and manufactured. Multi-band microstrip antennas have been designed and simulated in terms of the return loss (S11) and the gain. These designs have been fabricated and their return loss has been measured and compared with the simulation results.

Optimal Design of Multiband Microstrip Antennas by Self-Renewing Fitness Estimation of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

In order to reduce the time of designing microstrip antenna, this paper proposes a self-renewing fitness estimation of particle swarm optimization algorithm (SFEPSO) to improve the design efficiency. Firstly, a fitness predictive model of the particles is constructed according to the evolution formula of particle swarm optimization (PSO). From the third generation of the algorithm, the fitness of particles is given by the prediction model instead of the full-wave electromagnetic simulation. Aiming to keep the right direction of evolution, the prediction model will be proofed every N generation during the optimization process. If the prediction model accuracy is lower than the threshold, it will be updated and then continue iterating until the particles satisfy the demands. Compared with the traditional optimization method, this method greatly reduces the evaluation time and improves the design efficiency. The method is validated by the optimized design of E-type dual-frequency microstrip antenna and WLAN/WiMAX multiband antenna. The optimized results show that the purpose of rapid optimization can be achieved while ensuring the design accuracy.

A Design of Multiband Antenna using Main Radiator and Additional Sub-Patches for Different Wireless Communication Systems

A design of compact printed multiband Microstrip antenna for the different wireless communication systems is proposed. The antenna comprises of a main radiating patch and some additional sub patches which is fed by a microstrip line feeding. This configuration is designed to operate with the center frequencies of 1.52GHz, 1.86GHz, 2.7GHz, 3.32GHz and 4.05 GHz with achievable bandwidths of 6%, 4.3%, 3.7%, 7% and 8.4%, respectively. These five bands supports for the applications of GSM1800, GPS, WIMAX I (2.7 - 2.8GHz), WIMAX II (3.3-3.4GHz), and Fixed Satellite Services. In this work, Reflection co-efficient for each band (S11= -17.16dB for 1.5GHz, S11 = -14.75dB for 1.87GHz, S11 = -13.89dB for 2.7GHz, S11= -21dB for 3.32GHz, S11 = -33.98dB for 4.05GHz), VSWR, and Radiation patterns are simulated using Ansoft HFSS. Antenna is fabricated using ELEVEN LAB then reflection coefficients and VSWR values of the proposed antenna are measured by using the network analyzer. Simulated results are good agreement with practical results.

Proximity Coupled Microstrip Antenna for Bluetooth, WIMAX and WLAN Applications

This paper presents a new design of a multiband microstrip antenna with a proximity coupled feed for operating in the LTE2300 (2300–2400 MHz), Bluetooth (2400-2485 MHz), WiMAX (3.3-3.7 GHz), and WLAN (5.15-5.35 GHz, 5.725-5.825 GHz) bands. In addition, it also covers 6-dB impedance bandwidth across the UMTS (1920–2170 MHz) band. The proposed antenna consists of a corner-truncated rectangular patch with a rectangular slot, meandered microstrip feed, and defected ground plane. The antenna is fabricated using 0.8 mm thick FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and has a small size of only 27x24 mm2. The antenna shows a stable gain over the operating bands and good radiation characteristics. The simulated and measured results are shown to have good agreements.