Multiaxial Structure Research Articles

Influence of duoplasmatron ion source plasma treatment on multi-axial knitted structure reinforced glass fiber composites

The present study investigates the impact of glow discharge cold plasma-induced duoplasmatron ion source on the mechanical properties of multi-axial knitted structure reinforced glass fiber composites. Analysis of failure location and mode in bending tests was conducted using the acoustic emission method. The results reveal that the tensile and bending strength of the multi-axial structure reinforced glass fiber composites treated with oxygen/nitrogen plasma had increased by 21.84% and 37.28%, respectively. In contrast, when treated with oxygen/argon plasma, the corresponding enhancements were 17.47% and 24.16%, respectively. These results indicate that oxygen/nitrogen plasma treatment yields superior mechanical properties to oxygen/argon treatment. The accumulated acoustic emission energy in the multi-axial structure reinforced glass fiber composites subjected to oxygen/nitrogen and oxygen/argon treatments was 25.49% and 62.39% lower than untreated samples, respectively. The failure mode observed in the untreated composites was matrix cracking, whereas the composites treated with dual plasma exhibited interface debonding. The dual plasma modification enhanced fiber wettability and surface roughness, facilitating increased contact area between the fiber and matrix and promoting the overall bonding performance between the two components. Taken together, our findings suggest that duoplasmatron ion source treatment enhanced the interface bonding and mechanical properties of the multi-axial structure reinforced glass fiber composites.

DAGM-fusion: A dual-path CT-MRI image fusion model based multi-axial gated MLP

Medical imaging technology provides a good understanding of human tissue structure. MRI provides high-resolution soft tissue information, and CT provides high-quality bone density information. By creating CT-MRI fusion images of complex diagnostic situations, experts can develop diagnoses and treatment plans more quickly and precisely. We propose a dual-path CT-MRI image fusion model based on multi-axial gated MLP to create high-quality CT-MRI fusion images. The model employs the feature fusion module SFT-block to effectively integrate detailed Local-Path information guided by global Global-Path information. The fusion is completed through triple constraints, namely global constraints, local constraints, and overall constraints. We design a multi-axial gated MLP module (Ag-MLP). The multi-axial structure maintains the computational complexity linear and increases MLP's inductive bias, allowing MLP to work in shallower or pixel-level small dataset tasks. Ag-MLP and CNN are combined in the network so that the model has both globality and locality. In addition, we design a loss calculation method based on image patches that adaptively generates weights for each patch based on image pixel intensity. The details of the image are efficiently increased when patch-loss is used. Numerous studies demonstrate that the results of our model are superior to those of the latest mainstream fusion model, which are more in accordance with actual clinical diagnostic standards. The ablation studies successfully validate the performance of the model's constituent parts. It is worth mentioning that the model can also be excellently generalized to other modal image fusion tasks.

Mechanism study for directivity of TR probe when applying Eddy current testing to ferro-magnetic structural materials

Transmitter/receiver (TR) pancake probes are widely used in eddy current testing (ECT) owing to their multi-axial structure and sensitivity in different directions. However, the behavior of the ECT signal affected by the directivity of the TR pancake probe has not been discussed, especially when considering the magnetic properties of materials. The present paper therefore investigates the behavior of the ECT signal for different angles between the crack orientation and the centerline of the probe in experiments and numerical analysis. In experiments, sample plates of ferromagnetic carbon steel SM490 and non-ferromagnetic stainless steel AISI316 are employed for the investigation. Slits are fabricated on the plates to simulate cracks. Numerical analysis adapts a finite element method, the Ar method. The change in signal amplitude with the scanning angle has an obvious difference between the two materials in both experimental and simulation results. The presence of magnetic flux leakage around a slit in ferromagnetic material is assumed as the main reason for the difference and subsequently examined in numerical analysis. The results reveal that the magnetic field detected for a ferromagnetic material is the superposition of the magnetic field induced by eddy current and the magnetic flux leakage. The present study confirms the presence of magnetic flux leakage and explains the difference in the directivity of a TR pancake probe between ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials. This work contributes to a more reasonable analysis of ECT signals measured using a TR pancake probe when detecting cracks in different materials and the evaluation of crack orientation.

Assessment of The Rural Economic Structure of Güdül Town (Ankara) by Quantified Swot Analysis

Purpose Rather than solely having agricultural production at its core, rural development comprises of a multiaxial structure in which the socio-economic structure develops, non-agricultural economic diversification is assured, and a governance-based approached is adopted in the organization and participation mechanisms. The applicability and consistency of these intertwined axes entail an integrated approach to efforts in rural development. With the purpose of uncovering the critical points of the process, creating strategies intended for rural economic development within the axes valued by different stakeholders, and strengthening the participation mechanisms, SWOT Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) integrated method, and TOWS matrix have been used to identify the Güdül rural economic development model. Design/Methodology/Approach In this study, the hierarchical structure established for the economic structure of Güdül is placed on the foundations of a SWOT analysis, quantified through Analytic Hierarchy Process, and evaluated within the framework of the three stakeholder’s perceptions (local people, experts, and local governments) according to their priority values. Findings Thus, the extent of the respective effects of important factors in rural economic development has been identified. In conclusion, the decisive role of quantified methods in the identification of strategies and policies utilized in the process of Güdül’s rural economic development has been manifested. Various strategies supporting the rural development and also institutions responsible for the implementation of these strategies were designated in light of the needs of Güdül and the expectations of the local people living in rural areas. Research Limitations/Implications The version of the questionnaire forms compatible with the SWOT-AHP technique, the scarcity of local manager surveys, the lack of answers to the questions of the local people are among the main difficulties encountered. Originality/Value This study is quite original in that it is the first strategic rural development plan model made specifically for Güdül, related to the participation of indigenous people in planning initiatives and transparently reflects the sometimes combined and sometimes changing views of local people, experts and local administrators about the importance of SWOT groups has a quality.

Optimization of Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Knitted Barrier Meshes

Abstract This article focuses on the analysis of mechanical properties of knitted barrier meshes and refers to general problems related to safety engineering. The conducted analysis of the effectiveness of absorbing impact energy by textile barriers, which positively affect the human body, clearly indicates the possibility of applying them in the field of road engineering as a new generation of road barriers. The characteristic features of the new generation of barriers are their openwork multiaxial structure based on various geometric shapes of the a-jour structure. Twenty models of barrier meshes with a-jour structure in the shape of tetragons (squares and diamonds), triangles, regular polygons (hexagons, octagons, and dodecagons), and circles were designed. Simulation research that aimed to optimize the structure of knitted openwork meshes to obtain minimum reduced stresses in strings, knots, and arms of the mesh was performed. The preferred solution is the four-axial eight-thread mesh with square-shaped a-jour structure with stress equal to Δб = 0.43 GPa/kg and the mesh with thickened diamond-shaped a-jour geometry with stress equal to Δб = 0.53 GPa/kg. Low stress values were also recorded for a four-axial six-thread mesh with square a-jour structure, for which Δб = 0.66 GPa/kg. The analyzed mesh models were implemented in the form of dozen designs of stitch constructions based on warp-knitting technology.

Mapping clinical procedures to the ICD-10-PCS: The German operation and procedure classification system use case.

Mappings among terminologies to ensure homogeneous analysis among different data sources is one of the key challenges of semantic interoperability. Concretely, mappings to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision Procedure Classification System (ICD-10-PCS) are especially challenging due to its multiaxial structure and lack of terms used by physicians (many terminologies used in real world data (RWD) are initially intended for reimbursement, not for clinical purposes). In this work, we propose a new theoretical methodology for mapping healthcare data to the ICD-10-PCS by exploiting its multiaxial structure to reduce the search spaces within concepts and leveraging the dependencies between axes for inferring additional relevant information. We tested this methodology with a subset of the German Operation and Procedure Classification System (OPS), aiming to integrate heterogeneous data sources queried for clinical research.

Strategies and Effects of Multiple Narration in Hyperfiction

This study analyzes the case of multiple narration in hyperfiction works. Hyperfiction is narrative text based on a ‘unit’ and the ‘hyperlink’ that connects it, multiple narration is a narrative technique which two or more narrators participates in storytelling. The works to be analyzed are hyperfictions that were recently created based on the blog platform in Korea. Of these works, ‘God of Others’, created in 2019, is a good representation of the evilness hidden inside of human beings by strategically utilizing the technique of multiple narration. This study conceptualizes the complex multiple narrative structure of hyperfiction as a multiaxial structural model. The multiaxial structure of hyperfiction is a structure in which there are axes composed of several linearly arranged units, and each unit existing on each axis can be connected to units in other axes. The recent hyperfiction works created in Korea are mostly biaxial or triaxial hyper narratives, while ‘God of Others’ is analyzed as a work with a 7-axis structure. As ‘God of Others’ is complex in structure, there are many aspects of the narrators. ‘God of Others’ is a story about three Sociopath-like murderers and their surrounding victims. The narratives of the victims are described through external focalization, and the narratives of offenders such as Min Seung, Jun Ho and Yoon Ah are described through internal focalization. The narratives of the victims are conveyed through extremely objective and activist descriptors, and the narratives of the perpetrators through special aspects of the descriptors with limited vision. ‘God of Others’ strategically utilizes multiple narration to escape the solid physicality of modern printing fiction and acquire a changeable body of hyper narrative.

Hybrid modeling and analysis of multidirectional variable stiffness of the linear rolling guideway under combined loads

In the working process of high-speed multiaxis machine tools, inertial loads due to high feed acceleration and time-varying gravity loads due to changing configuration of multiaxis structure result in time-varying complex loads applied to linear rolling guideway. Existing models cannot efficiently represent the effect of complex loads on multidirectional stiffness variation of linear rolling guideway. In this paper, a hybrid model of multidirectional stiffness of linear rolling guideway and the solving algorithm are proposed. The complex loading conditions of linear rolling guideway in high-speed multiaxis machine tool structure are considered. And contact flexibilities between rolling balls and grooves are modeled with the effect of elastic deformations of runner block and rail. The proposed model can calculate the multidirectional stiffness with high accuracy. Meanwhile the differences between the stiffness characteristics in different directions are represented correctly. The variations of multidirectional stiffness of linear rolling guideway under time-varying combined loads are analyzed. This study provides an effective way to comprehensively evaluate the stiffness characteristics of linear rolling guideway which can contribute to the dynamic analysis and active design of high-speed machine tool structure.

Biomorphological Features of North American Homophyllous Water Crowfoot Ranunculus longirostris (Batrachium, Ranunculaceae)

Features of biomorphology of homophyllous water crowfoot Ranunculuslongirostris (Batrachium, Ranunculaceae) occurring in North America were studied. From the generally similar group of the rigid-leaved water crowfoots (the R. circinatus group), R. longirostris is distinguished by the presence of a long internode before the first flower (the ratio of leaf and internode lengths is 1 : 5), persistent stipules throughout the shoot, a “true” dichotomy in the structure of inflorescences, conical nectar pits and fruits with a long persistent beaks. The latter feature distinguishes this species from the rest of the water crowfoots. An analysis of the inflorescence variants of aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial Ranunculus shows that R. longirostris had initial dichasia branching that is almost unique within Batrachium, as well as an additional multiaxial structure in the lateral axes of the inflorescence which is known for some semiaquatic and terrestrial Ranunculus species. The data demonstrate the specific position of R. longirostris in Batrachium and contribute to the evidences of the close relationship between Batrachium and other Ranunculus.

Non-uniform strain distribution in anterolateral capsule of knee: Implications for surgical repair.

The existence of a ligamentous structure within the anterolateral capsule, which can be injured in combination with the anterior cruciate ligament, has been debated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and direction of the strain in the anterolateral capsule in response to external loads applied to the knee. The anterolateral capsule was hypothesized to not function like a traditional ligament. A 6-degree-of-freedom robotic testing system was used to apply ten external loads to human cadaveric knees (n = 7) in the intact and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient states. The position of strain markers was recorded on the midsubstance of the anterolateral capsule during the resulting joint kinematics to determine the magnitude and direction of the maximum principal strain. The peak maximum principal strain ranged from 22% to 52% depending on the loading condition. When histograms of strain magnitude values were analyzed to determine strain uniformity, the mean kurtosis was 1.296 ± 0.955, lower than a typical ligament, and the mean variance was 0.015 ± 0.008, higher than a typical ligament. The mean angles of the strain direction vectors compared to the proposed ligament ranged between 38° and 130° (p < 0.05). The magnitude of the maximum principal strain in the anterolateral capsule is much larger than a typical ligament and does not demonstrate a uniform strain distribution. The direction of strain is also not aligned with the proposed ligament. Clinical Significance: Reconstruction methods using tendons will not produce normal joint function due to replacement of a multi-axial structure with a uni-axial structure. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.

Elasto-plastic model for sand including time effect

Time effects on granular soils have been observed in the laboratory and by in-situ tests, but these cannot be reproduced by classical elasto-plastic models. To address these concerns, existing specific modelling approaches were based on the theory of viscoplasticity formulated by Perzyna or on a viscous evanescent relationship. This work explores an alternative elasto-plastic modelling framework formulated in a multiaxial structure space. The proposed elasto-plastic model is associated with a thixotropic-type framework through the use of a structure parameter, the evolution of which illustrates the competition between two effects: the time-dependent tendency of the granular system to reach its stable configuration – restructuration – and its destructuration under external perturbations. The structure parameter is linked to the existence of a stress-dependent target structure towards which the current granular material structure evolves. The timescale is explicitly introduced by postulating a rate for this structure evolution. The modelling of the material behaviour has shown good similarities with the response of granular soils observed in monotonic loading, as well as during creep and variable strain rate loading experiments.

The psychodynamic diagnostic manual - 2nd edition (PDM-2).

The psychodynamic diagnostic manual - 2nd edition (PDM-2).

Assessing the adequacy of the HL7/LOINC Document Ontology Role axis.

The healthcare landscape is changing, driven by innovative care models and the emergence of new roles that are inter-professional in nature. Currently, the HL7/LOINC Document Ontology (DO) aids the use and exchange of clinical documents using a multi-axis structure of document attributes for Kind of Document, Setting, Role, Subject Matter Domain, and Type of Service. In this study, the adequacy of the Role axis for representing the type of author documenting care was assessed. Experts used a master list of 220 values created from seven resources and established mapping guidelines. Baseline certification, licensure, and didactic training were identified as key parameters that define roles and hence often need to be pre-coordinated. DO was inadequate in representing 82% of roles, and this gap was primarily due to lack of granularity in DO. Next steps include refinement of the proposed schema for the Role axis and dissemination within the larger standards community.

Stauromenia australis, a new genus and species in the family Kallymeniaceae (Rhodophyta) from southern New Zealand

D'Archino R., Nelson W.A. and Zuccarello G.C. 2012. Stauromenia australis, a new genus and species in the family Kallymeniaceae (Rhodophyta) from southern New Zealand. Phycologia 51: 451–460. DOI: 10.2216/11-87.1Our survey of the bladed red algae in the family Kallymeniaceae (Rhodophyta) from New Zealand and its subantarctic islands uncovered a new lineage based on molecular results, which we described as the new genus and species Stauromenia australis. Examination of New Zealand herbarium collections also revealed a number of additional specimens from southern New Zealand and the subantarctic islands (Antipodes Is., Snares Is., Campbell Is., Auckland Is.) that belonged to this new taxon. Stauromenia had a foliose habit and typically grew subtidally on open, exposed rocky habitats. It had a multiaxial structure with a cortex composed of a few layers of ellipsoidal cells that decreased in size toward the cuticle, and it had a filamentous medulla with sparse medullary cells and large refractive cells. Carpogonial branches were three celled and borne on a supporting cell that also carried four or five multinucleate subsidiary cells. The auxiliary cell system was separate and consisted of the auxiliary cell and four to seven multinucleate subsidiary cells. During postfertilization development, typical connecting filaments were not formed, and the gonimoblast arose from vegetative cells in the proximity of the auxiliary cell system. The ostiolate cystocarps protruded and occurred on both sides of the blade. The tetrasporophyte was isomorphic with cruciate tetrasporangia, and the male structures were typical for the family. The postfertilization development of this new genus was different from other members of the Kallymeniaceae in which typical connecting filaments have been reported. This, along with its unique phylogenetic position, indicated that this was a novel genus from the Southern Hemisphere.

The Ball Screw Installation Position Parameter Decisions and Simulation

The robot joints are usually rotational axis by two link joints, bionic features is not strong. The shortcomings of intelligent MR damper control multi-axis bionic knee can only provide resistance and certain sizes of regain momentum, cannot provide larger power, therefore this paper gives by the multi-axis four-bar structure, ball screw transmission hybrid drive multiaxial bionic active knee institutions. And analysis the human leg institutions and commonly used two-bar structure, solve the ball screw transmission installation location parameters. And established based on hybrid drive of the bionic active the knee's virtual prototype.

Multiaxis multilayered non-interlaced/non-Z E-glass/polyester preform and analysis of tensile properties of composite structures by statistical model

In this study, non-interlaced/non-Z single layer and multilayered uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxis preform structures were developed to produce E-glass/polyester composite structures. The data generated from the tensile tests of the composite structures were analyzed by using a regression model. We found that the tensile strength of the E-glass/polyester structures depended on yarn orientation and the number of layers. It was also indicated that the tensile properties of the composite structures were proportional to their total fiber volume fractions. If all the E-glass/polyester structures are made with the same preform packing density, the structures made from coarse fiber show high tensile strength, compared to structures made from fine fiber, due to high fiber volume fraction. All structures showed mode-I type delamination failure which occurred in the out-of-plane direction as a form of interlayer splitting parallel to the applied tensile load direction. Local interlayer failures were observed between warp/warp in uniaxial structures, warp/filling in biaxial structures, and bias/bias and bias/filling in multiaxis structures due to the non-Z yarn reinforcement. The developed regression model was considered as a suitable and viable tool to predict the tensile properties of the composite structures.

Multiaxis multilayered non-interlaced/ non-Z E-Glass/polyester preform composites and determination of flexural properties by statistical model

In this study, non-interlaced/non-Z single layer and multilayered uniaxial, biaxial and multiaxis preform structures were developed to produce E-Glass/polyester composite structures. The data generated from the flexural tests of the composite structures were analysed by using a regression model. The flexural strength of the E-Glass/polyester structures depended on yarn orientation and the number of layers. In addition, the flexural properties of the composite structures were proportional to their total fiber volume fractions. If all the E-Glass/polyester structures are produced with the same preform packing density, the structures made from coarse fiber show high flexural strength, compared to structures made from fine fiber, due to high fiber volume fraction. All structures showed mode-I type delamination failure which occurred in the out-of-plane direction as a form of interlayer splitting perpendicular to the applied bending load direction. Local interlayer failures were observed between warp/warp in uniaxial structures, warp/filling in biaxial structures and bias/bias and bias/filling in multiaxis structures due to the no-Z yarn reinforcement. The developed regression model was considered as a suitable and viable tool to predict the flexural properties of the composite structures.

항공기용 복합재료 다축 광학 구조의 진동해석에 관한 연구

In this paper, a dynamic model is proposed for multi-axis optical structure of an aircraft. Modal analysis, sine-wave analysis, and random vibration analysis are done using a multi-body dynamic program for the multi-axis optical structure. By applying Al 6061-T6 and two types of CFRP to the camera module, x, y, and z responses are found and compared according to each axis excitation. The results will be used for reducing the weight of the camera module.

Multiaxis three‐dimensional circular woven preforms – “radial crossing weaving” and “radial in–out weaving”: preliminary investigation of feasibility of weaving and methods

The aim of the study is to develop new preform structures and processes to use in the technical textile and composite industries. Multiaxis and orthogonal three‐dimensional (3D) circular woven preforms and weaving methods have been developed. The multiaxis structure has five yarn sets as (±)bias, axial, circumferential, and radial yarns whereas the orthogonal structure has three yarn sets, axial, circumferential, and radial yarns. Two weaving methods, radial crossing and radial in–out weaving were introduced to form the structures. An experimental rig was constructed to evaluate the methods. Basic process and structure parameters have been identified. The preliminary studies showed that the multiaxis 3D circular woven preforms and methods seemed feasible.

DFTMD studies of glucose and epimers: anomeric ratios, rotamer populations, and hydration energies

Results are presented from density functional molecular dynamics (DFTMD) simulations, based on constant energy dynamics, of glucose and its cyclic form of 6-carbon epimers. Both in vacuo and an implicit solvent method (COSMO) were examined, including simulations of low-energy conformations of each molecule. Analysis of the DFTMD results includes the following: energies averaged over the simulation time, calculated anomeric ratios, hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl rotamer populations, and hydration energies. Hydrogen-bonding networks persistence times were examined, and the effects of solvation on rotamer populations were described. Anomeric ratios calculated from energy optimization of an ensemble of low-energy conformers are compared to those obtained from ensemble averages from molecular dynamics, with dynamics simulations giving populations in best agreement with experimental anomeric ratios. Ensemble results in vacuo were not in agreement with experimental anomeric ratios or hydroxymethyl populations, producing in some cases reversal of the α:β ratios. The difficulty in obtaining correct α:β ratios increases with the number of axial groups; the mono-axial epimers being best represented, epimers with two axial groups being more difficult, and the epimers with three axial hydroxyl groups being most difficult to analyze, the result of a large number of very strong hydrogen-bonding networks that form the ensemble of low-energy conformations in the multi-axial structures.