Multisite Design Research Articles

Existence of independent learning curriculum and portrait of ideal curriculum management in laboratory schools

Each schools have the autonomous right to manage and develop an independent curriculum according to its potential. However, the implementation of the independent learning curriculum is dependent on proper management at the school level, so there may be obstacles faced by schools in managing the independent learning curriculum. The purpose of this study is to investigate the concept and problems, as well as school strategies in managing an independent learning curriculum in laboratory schools. This research was studied qualitatively with a multi-site study design. Data collection was conducted through focus group discussions (FGDs) with semistructured interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data validity was checked using source triangulation, discussion among fellow researchers, and adequacy of reference materials. Data analysis techniques used constant comparative analysis. The results show that learning activities in the independent curriculum emphasize character education and the achievement of students' happiness in learning, and schools implement differentiated learning and simplify the values contained in P5 through projects and fun learning. This research contributes theoretically and practically, by complementing previous literature and can be a guide for school managers in order to ideally manage an independent curriculum.

A Site-Wise Reliability Analysis of the ABCD Diffusion Fractional Anisotropy and Cortical Thickness: Impact of Scanner Platforms.

The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) project is the largest study of adolescent brain development. ABCD longitudinally tracks 11,868 participants aged 9-10 years from 21 sites using standardized protocols for multi-site MRI data collection and analysis. While the multi-site and multi-scanner study design enhances the robustness and generalizability of analysis results, it may also introduce nonbiological variances including scanner-related variations, subject motion, and deviations from protocols. ABCD imaging data were collected biennially within a period of ongoing maturation in cortical thickness and integrity of cerebral white matter. These changes can bias the classical test-retest methodologies, such as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We developed a site-wise adaptive ICC (AICC) to evaluate the reliability of imaging-derived phenotypes while accounting for ongoing brain development. AICC iteratively estimates the population-level age-related brain development trajectory using a weighted mixed model and updates age-corrected site-wise reliability until convergence. We evaluated the test-retest reliability of regional fractional anisotropy (FA) measures from diffusion tensor imaging and cortical thickness (CT) from structural MRI data for each site. The mean AICC for 20 FA tracts across sites was 0.61 ± 0.19, lower than the mean AICC for CT in 34 regions across sites, 0.76 ± 0.12. Remarkably, sites using Siemens scanners consistently showed significantly higher AICC values compared with those using GE/Philips scanners for both FA (AICC = 0.71 ± 0.12 vs. 0.46 ± 0.17, p < 0.001) and CT (AICC = 0.80 ± 0.10 vs. 0.69 ± 0.11, p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate site-and-scanner related variations in data quality and underscore the necessity for meticulous data curation in subsequent association analyses.

Management Of Entrepreneurship Education In Realization Entrepreneurial Students (Multisite Study At The LPI Al Azhaar Islamic Boarding School, Tulungagung And The Modern Islamic Boarding School Sumberdaya At Taqwa (Pomosda) Nganjuk)

Islamic boarding schools have an important opportunity to solve society's economic problems, especially in overcoming the problem of unemployment which has been a polemic. One way that Islamic boarding schools can develop entrepreneurial intelligence is by integrating entrepreneurship education into the boarding school system. This research uses a phenomenological approach with a multisite study design. Phenomenological research aims to describe, describe, and report a situation, object, or event without drawing general conclusions. This research found that in integrating entrepreneurship education into Islamic boarding school education, it is necessary to plan it every year to determine the road map for the entrepreneurship education program. They are combining the government or formal school curriculum with entrepreneurship education. Carry out activity programs in accordance with the vision, mission, and work program. Carry out synergy and collaboration with stakeholders related to entrepreneurship education, both government institutions and private institutions. Supervision is carried out by checking the results of entrepreneurship education in Islamic boarding schools. Corrective action is taken if the process and work results have not been achieved as specified, but if the process and work results are appropriate then what must be done is an improvement.

Sample Size Planning in the Design of Two-Level Randomized Cost-Effectiveness Trials

This study introduces recent advances in statistical power analysis methods and tools for designing and analyzing randomized cost-effectiveness trials (RCETs) to evaluate the causal effects and costs of social work interventions. The article focuses on two-level designs, where, for example, students are nested within schools, with interventions applied either at the school level (cluster design) or student level (multisite design). We explore three statistical modeling strategies—random-effects, constant-effects, and fixed-effects models—to assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions, and we develop corresponding power analysis methods and tools. Power is influenced by effect size, sample sizes, and design parameters. We developed a user-friendly tool, PowerUp!-CEA, to aid researchers in planning RCETs. When designing RCETs, it is crucial to consider cost variance, its nested effects, and the covariance between effectiveness and cost data, as neglecting these factors may lead to underestimated power.

The Association between Emotional Responses to Climate Change, Antenatal Anxiety and Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Primigravida Women.

To investigate the association between emotional responses to climate change, antenatal anxiety, and maternal-fetal attachment in primigravida women. A multi-site cross-sectional research design study. This study was conducted at four primary health care (PHC) facilities in Damanhur district, El-Behera, from February 2024 to April 2024. Two hundred eighty-five women completed a comprehensive questionnaire that included a Woman's Social and Reproductive Form, The inventory of climate emotions (ICE) scale, The Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale (SAAS) and the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS-HU-20). The study revealed that emotional responses to climate change show strong positive correlations with each other, ranging from 0.689 to 0.840, all significant at p < 0.001 level. Additionally, antenatal anxiety demonstrates substantial positive correlations with emotional responses to climate change, albeit with associations ranging from 0.239 to 0.287, all significant at p < 0.001 level. Moreover, maternal-fetal attachment displays substantial negative correlations with emotional responses to climate change, indicating that as emotional responses to climate change increase, maternal-fetal attachment tends to decrease. The correlations range from -0.263 to -0.426, all significant at p < 0.001. The emotional impact of climate change can adversely affect the bonding process between mother and fetus. Healthcare professionals, including obstetricians, midwives, and mental health counsellors, should integrate climate-related emotional distress into their assessments and interventions. Providing targeted psychological support for expectant mothers. The study's findings highlight the need for nursing to integrate climate-related emotional distress screening into prenatal care and for research to explore long-term effects and intervention effectiveness. In practice, healthcare providers should adopt holistic approaches that combine environmental and psychological support, developing comprehensive guidelines and community-based programs to support pregnant women. The research adhered to that is STROBE. Public contributions by women in community health centers.

“Someone Who Is Going to Preserve Your Surname and Clan Name”: A Sesotho Cultural Perspective on Male Partner Involvement in Maternal and Newborn Care in the Free State, South Africa

In the global public health discourse, involving men in maternal and neonatal health is regarded as crucial for positive outcomes in both health and development. In South Africa, health interventions designed to promote male partner involvement among low-income indigenous populations have been framed within social constructivist notions of masculinities and have produced mixed outcomes. This has necessitated calls to explore alternative approaches, including the need to decolonise men and masculinities studies in Africa. As part of one phase of formative research for a mixed-method project aimed at adapting a male involvement intervention for the context of Sesotho-speaking men and women in the Free State, we applied a multi-site case study research design and collected qualitative data using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Verbatim-recorded transcripts were translated, transcribed, and thematically analysed with NVIVO 14. The results indicate that customary practices in pregnancy, delivery, and newborn care are not static and vary between families based on belief systems, socioeconomic status, geographical setting (peri-urban/rural), and kinship networks of care. Therefore, these practices and beliefs should be understood, affirmed, and contested within the complex African-centred material and immaterial worldviews on personhood in which they were generated, transmitted, rejected, or adopted. It is recommended that a decolonised approach to male partner involvement in this context must be cognisant of the intersections of racial and gendered power relations, contestations in beliefs and practices, the resilient effect of colonialism on indigenous gender systems, as well as contemporary global entanglements that inform North–South power relations on the best practices in maternal and newborn health in the public health sector in South Africa.

Adherence to Evidence-Based Guidelines and ImplicationsWhen Designing Electronic Documentation for Urinary Catheters.

The aim of this study was to investigate the point prevalence and the rate of adherence to evidence-based guidelines for patients who had indwelling urinary catheters in three Australian acute care hospitals. A cross-sectional observational design was used. A multisite cross-sectional observational design was utilised in three acute hospitals across Australia. Data were collected from each site in a single day directly from observation of the patient, the bedside notes and medical records. The data collected included observations of clinical care and scrutiny of the documentation of the insertion details and catheter care using best practice guidelines. Of the 1730 patients audited, 47% were female. The mean point prevalence of catheters insitu across three sites was 12.9%. Correct documentation compliance was reported to be, on average, 40%. Documentation was significantly better when a template was available to guide information recorded: this was regardless of whether it was hard copy or electronic. Overall, clinical care compliance with best practices was 77%. Of note for improvement was the fixing of the urinary catheter to the thigh in highly dependent patients. It was identified that there is a need for improvement across all three sites: specifically regarding securement of the urinary catheter to the patient's thigh within the ICU. In addition, it was identified that there is a need for documentation of the urine bag change in ward areas. Documentation may be improved by incorporating templates into healthcare documentation systems in the future. Further work is needed to ensure nurses are aware of the adverse effects of urinary catheters and thus, the need to adhere to best practice guidelines. There has been no patient or public contribution. We have adhered to the STROBE guidelines for reporting.

A retrospective study of duloxetine for phantom limb pain post lower‐limb amputation

AbstractBackgroundPhantom limb pain (PLP) refers to the painful sensory perception of a missing limb after amputation, which can have physical and psychological impacts.AimTo determine the effectiveness of duloxetine for pain management in PLP by the reduction of opioid doses and other neuropathic analgesics when introduced into multimodal pain management strategies in the subacute rehabilitation setting.MethodThis was a retrospective observational case‐matched cohort study of patients who were admitted to a geriatric and rehabilitation unit at a tertiary Australian hospital from January 2005–December 2017 with PLP after lower‐limb amputation. Patients were included if they had a new amputation and experienced PLP. The primary outcome was a difference in oxycodone dose equivalents at discharge between the two cohorts. Univariable analysis was used to compare groups. Ethical approval was granted by the Metro South Low Negligible Risk Ethics Committee (Reference no: LNR/2018/QMS/47370) and the study conforms with the National statement on ethical conduct in human research.ResultsThirty patients from the duloxetine treatment cohort and 57 patients from the non‐duloxetine cohort were identified. Participants were predominantly male (81%) and had a median age of 63 years (interquartile range = 10.7). Both populations showed a similar rate of opioid dose reduction comparing doses at admission with those at discharge. There were no significant differences in absolute oxycodone equivalent doses at the two observed check points: admission and discharge.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that opioid consumption in post‐surgical lower‐limb amputees reporting PLP was not significantly different between populations that used and did not use duloxetine. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of duloxetine in PLP pain management using a multisite prospective study design.

Fostering Excellence in Madrasah through Collaborative Supervision: A Management Perspective

This research is motivated by the lack of collaborative guidance among some members of the madrasah and the supervisor, which hinders the improvement of the quality of a madrasah institution. Therefore, it is necessary to establish collaboration or synergy among the head of the madrasah, the madrasah committee, several teachers, and the supervisor in advancing the quality of the madrasah. This research employs a qualitative approach with a multi-site study design. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Data analysis uses single-case analysis and cross-case analysis. Data validity techniques involve credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.The research findings indicate that: (1) the collaboration between supervisors and heads of madrasahs in formulating plans (planning) to improve the quality of the institution includes: a) formulating and developing the vision, mission, and goals of the madrasah; b) preparing the Mid-Term Work Plan (RKJM), the Madrasah Work and Budget Plan (RKAM), and the Annual Work Plan (RKT); c) conducting workshops and training for teachers and institutional staff; d) developing madrasah management systems and information technology and PBM (Self-Learning Platform); and e) preparing KTSP/Merdeka curriculum; (2) the collaboration between supervisors and heads of madrasahs in implementing the process (actuating) to improve the quality of the institution involves: a) organizing guidance, workshops, and training for madrasah teachers; b) providing support and guidance for all programs within the institution; c) developing a madrasah curriculum tailored to the institution's situation and conditions; d) producing works/products or learning journals, and developing an excellent KTSP madrasah curriculum.

Psychometric Testing of an Instrument Assessing Family Knowledge, Contemplation, Confidence and Readiness for Engaging in Early Mobilisation of Critically Ill Patients: A Multi-Site Cross-Sectional Design.

Early mobilisation is beneficial to support recovery among critically ill patients. The literature highlights the benefits of family engagement in early mobilisation, yet this practice remains underutilised. Effective implementation depends on understanding the key antecedents that influence family engagement in early mobilisation, specifically families' knowledge, contemplation, confidence and readiness. However, no measurement tools currently exist to assess these. Therefore, developing a psychometrically supported instrument is essential to understanding and enhancing families' factors influencing their engagement in early mobilisation. To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument to assess families' knowledge, contemplation, confidence and readiness to engage in early mobilisation. A multi-site cross-sectional survey design. Based on established psychological theory (Social Cognitive Theories and Behaviour Change Theories), an item pool was developed to assess families' knowledge, contemplation, confidence and readiness to participate in early mobilisation. To psychometrically evaluate the new tool, a multi-site cross-sectional survey was undertaken from May 2020 to June 2022 across five intensive care units in Australia. Data from 370 families of critically ill patients were used to evaluate the structural, convergent and discriminant validity as well as the reliability of the new instrument. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit, supporting the proposed structure. All items displayed high standardised factor loadings except one, which improved upon freeing an error covariance. Positive inter-factor correlations were moderate to strong and were substantially lower than the square root of the average variance extracted, supporting both convergent and discriminant validity, respectively. Additionally, all subscales demonstrated well to excellent reliability. The findings provide preliminary support for the multiple types of validity evidence and the reliability of the instrument. This new instrument is suitable for use in clinical and research applications to assess families' knowledge, contemplation, confidence and readiness for their engagement in early mobilisation. Family engagement in early mobilisation activities may have multiple benefits but it is not commonly implemented in the ICU. Factors influencing family engagement in early mobilisation are poorly understood. Influential psychological theories highlight the likely importance of knowledge, contemplation, confidence and readiness. A readily available instrument designed to assess these constructs among family members is needed to deepen research understanding and guide clinical practice. The proposed instrument is designed to measure factors influencing family engagement in early mobilisation, which may support healthcare professionals and health services to identify and tailor strategies to support family engagement in early mobilisation. Recommendations for reporting the results of studies of instrument and scale development and testing was followed to report this study. Family members of adult critically ill patients participated in this study, and they provided the data through the survey.

Athletic Training Students’ Use of Evidence-Based Practice Professional Behaviors During Clinical Experiences: A Report From the Association for Athletic Training Education Research Network

With the incorporation of evidence-based practice (EBP) during patient care as a curricular content standard, professional programs must prepare athletic training students (ATSs) for the application of EBP during the delivery of patient care. We aimed to examine ATSs’ implementation of professional behaviors associated with EBP during patient encounters (PEs). Through a multisite panel design, we tracked numerous factors associated with PEs experienced by 363 ATSs of 12 professional athletic training programs. Generalized estimating equation models were used to analyze the likelihood that students included EBP behaviors during 30,522 PEs. Clinical site type (p &lt; .001), student role (p &lt; .001), and encounter length (p &lt; .001) were associated with all three EBP professional behaviors while clinical site type (p &lt; .001) was also associated with whether the ATS asked a question of a clinician, including their preceptor. Program administrators seeking to promote the greatest opportunities for ATSs to implement EBP during patient care should seek clinic-based or other nonacademic site types that promote longer PEs in which students can perform or assist their preceptor.

Uniting Science and Faith: A Re-STEAM Interdisciplinary Approach in Islamic Education Learning

This study explores the effective Re-STEAM (Religion, Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) interdisciplinary approach in teaching Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SDIT Al-Khawarizmi and SDN 031 Tanah Grogot, Indonesia. The research addresses the need to revitalize PAI learning by integrating it with other disciplines, particularly science and technology. Using qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach and Multi-Site Design, the study investigates the impact of Re-STEAM on student learning outcomes. Results indicate that this approach significantly enhances students' learning motivation, critical thinking skills, and understanding of PAI materials. Integrating science and faith through Re-STEAM helps students apply Islamic values daily and prepares them for 21st-century challenges. Moreover, it demonstrates that modern science complements religious teachings, fostering a balanced development of intellectual, emotional, and spiritual intelligence. The findings suggest that the Re-STEAM approach effectively combines academic competence with strengthened faith and character, aligning with the core principles of Islamic education.

Marketing Strategy for Madrasa Quality in Increasing Interest in Education Customers (Multisite Study at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tulungagung and Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Kota Kediri)

This dissertation is based on the results of the researcher's observations regarding the conditions of madrasa marketing at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tulungagung and Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Kota Kediri and its role in efforts to increase the interest of educational customers. The problem formulation in this research is: (1) How does madrasa branding increase the interest of educational customers at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tulungagung and Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Kota Kediri? (2) How does madrasa differentiation increase the interest of educational customers? (3) How does madrasa positioning increase the interest of educational customers? (4) How does madrasa direct marketing increase the interest of educational customers? This dissertation aims to find and describe madrasa quality marketing strategies in the form of branding, differentiation, positioning, and direct marketing in increasing the interest of educational customers at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Tulungagung and Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Kota Kediri, where the researcher conducted qualitative research and is a type of research with a multisite research design. Data collection techniques were carried out using (1) in-depth interviews, (2) participant observation, and (3) documentation. Data analysis was carried out in two ways, namely single site analysis with data collection, data condensation, data display and drawing conclusion steps, then continued with cross-site analysis. Checking the validity of the data is carried out using credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability tests. The results of this research found that: The marketing strategy for madrasa quality in increasing the interest of educational customers is carried out by: a) branding, displaying the basic character of the madrasa in the form of mottos and slogans; b) differentiation, creating madrasas that have special services; c) positioning, implementing early admission patterns for new students and various levels of student admission schemes; d) direct marketing, direct marketing through the school website, promotion of madrasa success both in competitions at various levels and acceptance at universities as well as selection of outstanding female students through the student achievement program, and e) selected door to door, going directly to find and recruit students with achievement. Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Madrasa Quality, Educational Customer Interest.

Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Berbasis Pesantren (Studi Kasus di MA Nurul Jadid Paiton dan MA Bustanul Faizin Besuki)

This research aims to reveal character education at MA Nurul Jadid Paiton and MA Bustanul Faizin Besuki. The research method used is a qualitative approach, case study type, with a multisite research design. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, to analyze the data using the Miles and Huberman method of analysis, namely data reduction, data display and verification. With this method, it is hoped that researchers will obtain accurate data. The results of this research show that (1) In forming the character of MA Nurul Jadid students, Nurul Jadid's Santri Pillars are applied, namely the Santri Trilogy and the Santri's Five Awarenesses. The Santri Trilogy is: Paying Attention to the Obligations of Fardhu 'Ain, Being Self-Aware by Abandoning Major Sins, Being Virtuous towards Allah and Creatures. In forming the character of Madrasah Aliyah Bustanul Faizin students apply Asah, Asih and Asuh (3A) in their daily lives. This makes Madrasah Aliyah Bustanul Faizin students have the character of Asah, Asih and Asuh (3A), so that students become virtuous human beings in their daily lives.

Shoulder Pain in Competitive Swimmers: A Multi-Site Survey Study.

There are 2.8 million youth competitive swimmers in the United States (US), and shoulder pain is the most common complaint among swimmers. To determine prevalence of shoulder pain, disability, and dissatisfaction in youth competitive swimmers. A secondary purpose was to determine influence of age, competitive swimming experience, and previous history of shoulder pain or injury on shoulder pain, disability, and dissatisfaction, and finally to determine if sex, geographic area, and participation in a second sport relate to shoulder pain, disability, and dissatisfaction. Multi-site cross-sectional design. Six-hundred and seventy-one swimmers aged 9-17 years from six states in the US completed surveys which included demographics, the Penn Shoulder Score (PSS), and the Disability of Arm Shoulder Hand (DASH) Sports. Independent t-tests were used to compare pain, disability, dissatisfaction, the influence of age, sex, participation in second sport, geographic region, and history of shoulder pain. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the interaction of these variables with reported pain and disability. Forty-nine percent of swimmers had shoulder symptoms. Greater shoulder pain and disability were reported in 15 to 17-year-olds compared to 9 to 10-year-olds (pain and disability: p<0.001), in swimmers with greater versus less years of experience (pain and disability: p<0.001), and in swimmers from eastern versus western states (pain: p=0.001, disability: p=0.0014). Swimmers not participating in a second sport had higher shoulder dissatisfaction (p=0.002). History of prior shoulder pain/traumatic injury was the best indicator of increased pain, disability, and dissatisfaction (p<0.001). Almost half of swimmers surveyed had shoulder pain, with a higher prevalence found in older age groups, those with greater experience, and in those with prior shoulder pain or traumatic injury. Further research should investigate shoulder pain prevention programs, and surveillance methods are recommended to identify symptomatic swimmers who may benefit from referral to prevent further pain and disability. III.

The Role of Religious Counselors in Fostering Kampong Moderation in Subulussalam City

This research explores the role of Islamic religious instructors in fostering religious moderation in the villages of Subulussalam City, particularly in Suka Makmur and Penanggalan villages. The aim is to understand how religious extension workers promote harmonious socio-religious harmony in diverse communities. Using a qualitative approach and a multi-site study design, the research involved semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis to collect data from religious extension workers, community leaders, and community members. The results show that the role of religious educators as motivators, agents of change, central figures, and facilitators is crucial in maintaining and enhancing inter-religious harmony and cooperation. Activities such as joint construction of houses of worship, joint religious celebrations, and gotong royong show the community's high level of religious moderation. These findings suggest that the religious moderation model implemented in Suka Makmur and Penanggalan villages can be used as a reference for similar programs in other areas, strengthening the role of religious educators in promoting socio-religious harmony.

ENVIRONMENTAL CARE: THE STRENGTHENING CHARACTER EDUCATION THROUGH ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (IRE) DEVELOPMENT

Dogmatic Islamic Religious Education (IRE) learning in schools seems to lack of attention to environmental issues. Thus, IRE needs to incorporate environment issues. This study aims to analyze the concept and implementation of strengthening environmental care character education through IRE development as well as its implications in framework of eco-culture formation, using MTsN 1 Sumenep and SMPN 2 Larangan Pamekasan as case studies. Using a qualitative approach with a multi-site study design, This research used interviews, observations, and documentation in collected data. The research findings show that the concept of strengthening environmental care character education through IRE development describes efforts to strengthen environmental care character holistically-integrated through curricular, co-curricular, and self-development activities. While its implementation is carried out through 4 stages, namely design which includes identifying the types of activities, developing environment-based IRE study materials, preparing supporting facilities; implementation which includes integrated PAI learning, school management, and student development activities; monitoring and evaluation is carried out through supervision activities and monthly meetings; follow-up refers to school self-evaluation. While the implications can be seen from 3 aspects; the improvement of educational services, changes in learner behavior, a decrease in school operational costs and the existence of class funds.

Nonstationary multi-site design flood estimation and application to design flood regional composition analysis

Impacts of climate change and human activities may lead to changes in the spatiotemporal composition of the design flood as well as its size. Previous studies mainly focused on changes in design flood size, while there has been relatively little research on changes in its regional composition. In this study, a nonstationary multi-site design flood estimation method is developed, which is useful for the design flood regional composition analysis under nonstationary conditions. Dynamic copula models are first constructed to analyze the change in the joint distribution of the nonstationary multi-site flood variables with the consideration of the nonstationarity of the marginal distribution and copula structure parameters. Then the design flood combinations in multi-site for a specified design standard are calculated by comprehensively applying the equivalent reliability method, the expectation conditional and the most-likely conditional combination strategies, which considers the future precipitation change and design lifespan length impacts on the design flood. Finally, the uncertainty of the multi-site design flood estimation caused by the model parameters uncertainty is evaluated. A case study, based on the annual maximum 7-day (AM7) flood volume in the Yichang (YC) and Cuntan (CT) sites, is conducted to illustrate this method. Results show that flood quantiles in the YC and CT sites exhibit an increasing trend as the precipitation projections will increase in the future, but the flood quantiles in the YC site are less compared to the historical period because of the huge regulation and storage effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir. In addition, the design flood combination in the CT and YC sites are calculated and the CT design floods from the expectation combination strategy are bigger than those provided by the most-likely combination strategy.

A site-wise reliability analysis of the ABCD diffusion fractional anisotropy and cortical thickness: impact of scanner platforms.

The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) project is the largest study of adolescent brain development. ABCD longitudinally tracks 11,868 participants aged 9-10 years from 21 sites using standardized protocols for multi-site MRI data collection and analysis. While the multi-site and multi-scanner study design enhances the robustness and generalizability of analysis results, it may also introduce non-biological variances including scanner-related variations, subject motion, and deviations from protocols. ABCD imaging data were collected biennially within a period of ongoing maturation in cortical thickness and integrity of cerebral white matter. These changes can bias the classical test-retest methodologies, such as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We developed a site-wise adaptive ICC (AICC) to evaluate the reliability of imaging-derived phenotypes while accounting for ongoing brain development. AICC iteratively estimates the population-level age-related brain development trajectory using a weighted mixed model and updates age-corrected site-wise reliability until convergence. We evaluated the test-retest reliability of regional fractional anisotropy (FA) measures from diffusion tensor imaging and cortical thickness (CT) from structural MRI data for each site. The mean AICC for 20 FA tracts across sites was 0.61±0.19, lower than the mean AICC for CT in 34 regions across sites, 0.76±0.12. Remarkably, sites using Siemens scanners consistently showed significantly higher AICC values compared to those using GE/Philips scanners for both FA (AICC=0.71±0.12 vs 0.46±0.17, p<0.001) and CT (AICC=0.80±0.10 vs 0.69±0.11, p<0.001). These findings demonstrate site-and-scanner related variations in data quality and underscore the necessity for meticulous data curation in subsequent association analyses.

Manajemen Pengembangan Keterampilan Vokasional (Vocational Skills Development Management) Pendidikan Khusus (Studi Multi Situs Pada SLB-C Negeri Pembina dan SLB Negeri Kota Banjarbaru

This research aims to describe the management of special education vocational skills development. This research used a qualitative approach with a multi-site study design and data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The sample in this study used purposive sampling. Data sources for this research include school principals, teachers, and education staff. Data analysis using descriptive analysis begins with data condensation, data presentation, and drawing and verifying conclusions. Meanwhile, the technique for checking the validity of the data is carried out through diligent observation and triangulation. The results of the research show that vocational skills development management is implemented by fulfilling the stages of the management function, which consist of planning, including analysis of community needs, formulation of the school's vision and mission, planning appropriate learning resources, planning to improve the quality and professionalism of teachers, funding planning, field planning facilities and infrastructure and forms of special service planning; organizing includes determining the organizational structure, placement of teachers and students, determining the position of skills education, allocating facilities and infrastructure; implementation of skills education is carried out through learning strategies, the role of teachers and partnerships with DUDI; control is carried out by conducting supervision, assessing learning outcomes and the quality of education (academic and non-academic). In conclusion, the management of vocational skills development at SLB-C Negeri Pembina Banjarbaru and SLB Negeri Banjarbaru City, namely the management that has been carried out, has been implemented. Keywords: Development Management, Special Education, Vocational Skills,