Multipath Intersymbol Interference Research Articles

Performance Analysis for Faster-Than-Nyquist Signaling Under Multi-Path Channel

We propose in this letter the time-based receive transformation (TRT) to suppress the inter-block interference (IBI) in the single-input-single-output (SISO) system with faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling under the multi-path channel. For the trailing-zeros based FTN signaling or the OFDM based FTN signaling, the achievable rate benefits from the increased symbol rate but is degraded by the increased number of symbols that multi-path inter-symbol interference (ISI) affects. We show that the TRT based FTN signaling can completely eliminate the effect of IBI so that its achievable rate benefits from both the increased symbol rate and the increased number of symbols that multi-path ISI affects. We also show that the achievable rate for the TRT based FTN signaling is larger than that for the trailing-zeros based FTN signaling and the OFDM based FTN signaling, and this advantage increases with the ratio of the symbol rate to the Nyquist rate.

Signal Detection Under Multipath Intersymbol Interference in Staggered Bit-Patterned Media Recording Systems

Bit-patterned media recording was invented with the aim of achieving high areal density. However, bit-patterned media recording suffers from two-dimensional (2-D) interference problems, including intersymbol interference in the down-track direction and intertrack interference in the cross-track direction. The 2-D interference corrupts the readback signal and degrades the performance of bit-patterned media recording. Unlike the layout of regular-array bit-patterned media, in the layout of staggered-array bit-patterned media, islands along neighboring tracks are displaced by a half-period from islands on the main data track; hence, in terms of intertrack interference, the islands on the main data track are predominantly affected by the closest four islands on neighboring tracks. To address this problem, a proper signal detection scheme for staggered bit-patterned media recording should be developed. In this letter, we introduce a multipath soft-output Viterbi algorithm for reducing the 2-D interference in staggered bit-patterned media recording. We investigate different partial response targets and compare the performances of the one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and proposed three-path soft-output Viterbi algorithm.

Adaptive MMSE Equalizer for Optical Multipath Dispersion in Indoor Visible Light Communication

Multipath dispersion results from optical signals passing through more than one path. In this paper, we investigate a non-directed line of sight (LOS) model using white light emitting diode illumination. Typically in such a link, the optical signals are modeled as a reflection component and a directed LOS component over optical wireless (OW) channels. However, inter-symbol interference (ISI) induced by multipath dispersion critically influences the performance of OW communications. In this paper, we propose the adaptive minimum mean squared error (MMSE) equalizer scheme to suppress the multipath ISI, since this scheme can minimize the mean square error (MSE) between the desired equalizer output and the actual equalizer output. We compared the following two algorithms: Least mean square and recursive least square. Our computer simulations demonstrated that visible light communication using an adaptive MMSE equalizer can alleviate the serious effects of optical multipath dispersion.

A Novel Algorithm for Simple Hybrid of Adaptive Array and Equalizer

Adaptive array has been used for canceling the interference in communication. When the array cannot suppress all the interference, an equalizer following the array can add to further enhance the capability of canceling the inter-symbol interference (ISI). The adaptive array and equalizer (AE) will suffer the problems of insufficient degrees of freedom and main-beam multi-path ISI. The hybrid of adaptive array and equalizer (HAE) uses a modified training sequence to adjust the weights of adaptive array that leads the array to cancel only the co-channel interference (CCI). The ISI are removed by the equalizer following the array. Thus, the HAE can combat the above problems successfully. Though the HAE improves the performance of AE, a transversal filter is added to generate the modified training sequence. Besides, the weights of equalizer in the HAE, which adjust after the weights of adaptive array, will make the convergent rate slowly. A simple hybrid of adaptive array and equalizer (SHAE) utilizes the output signal of system to adjust the weights of both the adaptive array and equalizer simultaneously. Therefore, the convergent rate of the HAE can improve by the SHAE. Moreover, the ISI can be suppressed by the equalizer instead of the adaptive array in the SHAE that will improve the performance of AE without using the transversal filter. As the mutual coupling present, the convergent rate of the SHAE will slow down. In this paper, a least mean square error algorithm with mutual coupling present is proposed to improve the convergent rate of SHAE, also.

Differential pulse-position modulation for power-efficient optical communication

We examine the use of differential pulse-position modulation (DPPM) for optical communication systems using intensity modulation with direct detection in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise. We present expressions for the error probability and power spectral density of DPPM. We show that for a given bandwidth, DPPM requires significantly less average power than pulse position modulation (PPM). We also examine the performance of DPPM in the presence of multipath intersymbol interference (ISI). We find that the ISI penalties incurred by PPM and DPPM exhibit very similar dependencies upon the channel RMS delay spread. We discuss the use of chip-rate and multichip-rate equalization to combat ISI. Finally, we describe potential problems caused by the nonuniform bit-rate characteristic of DPPM, and we propose several solutions.

Antenna diversity combining and finite-tap decision feedback equalization for high-speed data transmission

The next-generation wireless communication systems are expected to support high-speed data transmission. Associated with high transmission rates, however, is the problem of multipath intersymbol interference (ISI) due to frequency-selective fading. Decision feedback equalization (DFE) and antenna diversity combining are two practical techniques for combating multipath ISI. Through simulations we investigate the performance of diversity combining, together with DFE, under various numbers of antenna branches and equalization taps, in a quasistationary frequency-selective fading environment with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and cochannel interference (CCI). We consider joint optimization combining and power selection diversity combining. We simulate the combiner, using quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation with up to four antenna branches. Our results show that using antenna diversity and DFE with joint optimization combining provides performance improvement with lower computational complexity, as compared to that of using either DFE or diversity combining alone for combating ISI.

Experimental characterization of non-directed indoor infrared channels

We have experimentally characterized nondirected indoor channels that use intensity modulation and direct detection of an infrared carrier at a wavelength of 832 nm. At several locations in each of five different rooms, we have studied line-of-sight and diffuse link configurations, with and without shadowing, amounting to a total of approximately 100 different channels. We have measured channel frequency responses over the 2-300 MHz range by using a swept-modulation frequency technique, and from these data, we have computed channel impulse responses, path losses and r.m.s. delay spreads. Using channel impulse responses, we have calculated power penalties induced by multipath intersymbol interference in baseband on-off-keyed links operating at bit rates of 10, 30 and 100 Mb/s, considering unequalized links and those employing zero-forcing decision-feedback equalization. Unshadowed line-of-sight configurations generally have smaller path losses, r.m.s. delay spreads and power penalties than their unshadowed diffuse counterparts. Shadowed line-of-sight configurations, however, generally exhibit larger values of all three parameters than the corresponding shadowed diffuse configurations. We show that among the channels measured here, there is a strong correspondence between channel r.m.s. delay spread and multipath power penalty. Finally, we provide an analysis indicating why non-directed infrared channels using intensity modulation and direct detection do not exhibit multipath fading, and justifying their representation as linear, time-invariant systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>