Multi-party Quantum Key Agreement Research Articles

Efficient single-state multi-party quantum key agreement

Efficient single-state multi-party quantum key agreement

Advancing multi-party quantum key agreement protocols: the power of a two-layer approach

Advancing multi-party quantum key agreement protocols: the power of a two-layer approach

Two-Layer Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with Collective Detection

Two-Layer Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with Collective Detection

Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement with Four-Qubit Cluster States Immune to Collusive Attack

Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement with Four-Qubit Cluster States Immune to Collusive Attack

A measurement device independent multi-party quantum key agreement protocol with identity authentication

A measurement device independent multi-party quantum key agreement protocol with identity authentication

Correction to: A Tree-type Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Against Collusive Attacks

Correction to: A Tree-type Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Against Collusive Attacks

Measurement-device-independent multi-party quantum key agreement

Quantum key agreement (QKA) is an important quantum cryptography primitive. In a QKA protocol, two or more untrusted parties can agree on an identical key in such a way that they equally influence the key and no subset can decide it alone. However, in practical QKA, the imperfections of the participant’s detectors can be exploited to compromise the security and fairness of QKA. To remove all the detector-side-channel loopholes, a measurement-device-independent multi-party QKA protocol is proposed. The protocol exploits the post-selected GHZ states to generate a secure agreement key between legitimate participants, while ensuring the fairness of key agreement. Our protocol provides a new clue for the design of practical QKA protocols.

Multi-party quantum key agreement with parameter-independent channels

Multi-party quantum key agreement with parameter-independent channels

Efficient Multi-party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on New Bell State Encoding Mode

Efficient Multi-party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on New Bell State Encoding Mode

A Tree-type Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Against Collusive Attacks

A Tree-type Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Against Collusive Attacks

Dynamic Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on Commutative Encryption

Dynamic Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on Commutative Encryption

Authenticated Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement for Optical-Ring Quantum Communication Networks

Quantum communication networks are connected by various devices to achieve communication or distributed computing for users in remote locations. In order to solve the problem of generating temporary session key for secure communication in optical-ring quantum networks, a quantum key agreement protocol is proposed. In the key agreement protocols, an attacker can impersonate a legal user to participate in the negotiation process and eavesdrop the agreement key easily. This is often overlooked in most quantum key agreement protocols, which makes them insecure in practical implementation. Considering this problem, the function of authenticating the user’s identity is added in the proposed protocol. Combining classical hash function with identity information, we design the authentication operation conforming to the characteristics of quantum search algorithm. In the security analysis of the proposed protocol, quantum state discrimination is utilized to show that the protocol is secure against common attacks and impersonation attack. In addition, only single photons need to be prepared and measured, which makes our protocol feasible with existing technology.

Multi-party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol for Detection of Collusive Attacks in each Sub-Circle Segment by Headers

Multi-party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol for Detection of Collusive Attacks in each Sub-Circle Segment by Headers

Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on G-Like States and χ+ States

Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on G-Like States and χ+ States

Improved Multi-party Quantum Key Agreement with Four-qubit Cluster States

Quantum key agreement is a promising key establishing protocol that can play a significant role in securing 5G/6G communication networks. Recently, Liu et al. (Quantum Information Processing 18(8):1-10, 2019) proposed a multi-party quantum key agreement protocol based on four-qubit cluster states was proposed. The aim of their protocol is to agree on a shared secret key among multiple remote participants. Liu et al. employed four-qubit cluster states to be the quantum resources and the X operation to securely share a secret key. In addition, Liu et al.'s protocol guarantees that each participant makes an equal contribution to the final key. The authors also claimed that the proposed protocol is secure against participant attack and dishonest participants cannot generate the final shared key alone. However, we show here that Liu et al. protocol is insecure against a collusive attack, where dishonest participants can retrieve the private inputs of a trustworthy participant without being caught. Additionally, the corresponding modifications are presented to address these security flaws in Liu et al.'s protocol.

Multiparty quantum key agreement

In this paper, we discuss in some detail how multiparty quantum key agreement protocols must be carefully designed and present a collusion attack to illustrate this point. Then, a secure circle-type multiparty quantum key agreement with Bell states is proposed. Bell states are used as the information carriers and transmitted among the participants, who embed their secrets into the traveling particles via certain encoding operations. In this way, all participants simultaneously obtain the same agreement key, i.e., the sum of their secret inputs, at the end of the protocol. Here, quantum state discrimination is utilized to design the encoding operations, which ensures that the proposed protocol is correct and secure against the presented collusion attack. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed protocol satisfies three conditions of a secure quantum key agreement protocol in theory. In addition, these encoding operations consist of some common single-qubit gates, the Hadamard operator and four Pauli operators, which makes the proposed protocol feasible using current technology.

Multi-party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with Authentication

Utilizing the advantage of quantum entanglement swapping, a multi-party quantum key agreement protocol with authentication is proposed. In this protocol, a semi-trusted third party is introduced, who prepares Bell states, and sends one particle to multiple participants respectively. After that the participants can share a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state by entanglement swapping. Finally, these participants measure the particles in their hands and obtain an agreement key. Here, classical hash function and Hadamard operation are utilized to authenticate the identity of participants. The correlations of GHZ states ensure the security of the proposed protocol. To illustrated it detailly, the security of this protocol against common attacks is analyzed, which shows that the proposed protocol is secure in theory.

Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol for Smart Home Environment

Multi-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol for Smart Home Environment

A verifiable quantum key agreement protocol based on six-qubit cluster states

Quantum key agreement requires all participants to recover the shared key together, so it is crucial to resist the participant attack. In this paper, we propose a verifiable multi-party quantum key agreement protocol based on the six-qubit cluster states. A verifiable distributor who preserves some subsequences of the six-qubit cluster states is introduced into this protocol, thus the participants can not obtain the shared key in advance. Besides, the correctness and simultaneity of the shared key are guaranteed by the trusted design combiner and homomorphic hash function. Furthermore, the security analysis shows that the new protocol can resist the external and internal attacks.

Secure multiparty quantum key agreement against collusive attacks

Quantum key agreement enables remote participants to fairly establish a secure shared key based on their private inputs. In the circular-type multiparty quantum key agreement mode, two or more malicious participants can collude together to steal private inputs of honest participants or to generate the final key alone. In this work, we focus on a powerful collusive attack strategy in which two or more malicious participants in particular positions, can learn sensitive information or generate the final key alone without revealing their malicious behaviour. Many of the current circular-type multiparty quantum key agreement protocols are not secure against this collusive attack strategy. As an example, we analyze the security of a recently proposed multiparty key agreement protocol to show the vulnerability of existing circular-type multiparty quantum key agreement protocols against this collusive attack. Moreover, we design a general secure multiparty key agreement model that would remove this vulnerability from such circular-type key agreement protocols and describe the necessary steps to implement this model. The proposed model is general and does not depend on the specific physical implementation of the quantum key agreement.