Multipart Structure Research Articles

Monsters in Mirrors: Duality, Triangulation, and Multiplicity in Two Adaptations of Jekyll and Hyde

Jacques Derrida’s theory of deconstruction provides an ideal means of appreciating and interrogating the duality central to both Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and its adaptations. Moreover, because deconstruction exposes binary oppositions as artificial and constrictive, it enables us to advance beyond them toward multiplicity, a term used by Gilles Deleuze for a complex, ever-changing, multipart structure that transcends unity. Roy Ward Baker’s Dr Jekyll and Sister Hyde (1971) and episodes of Showtime’s Penny Dreadful (2014–2016) offer fresh ways to think about—and beyond—the duality of culture’s most famously divided pair. The binary oppositions that organize each text are innovative, as are the ways in which these oppositions are reversed and conflated. Ultimately, these adaptations employ triangulation to deconstruct themselves, thereby demonstrating the limitations and instability of duality, as well as the possibilities of multiplicity.

Automated design evolution for parametric design applied on computer-aided welding fixture designs

Design engineers are required to deliver design solutions by a fixed deadline. Increasing demand for shortening lead time limits the exploratory and creative freedom of the designer. This paper proposes an automated design system that can substitute part of the repetitive and standardized tasks in the design process, increasing efficiency and shifting the design engineer's efforts to creative work. Computer Aided Welding Fixture Design is an engineering domain increasingly being pressed for shortening lead time. Welding Fixture Designs are multi-part structures that secure an assembly product during a welding process. The compact and complex assembly product to be fixed and welded presents a configuration and geometric challenge for the fixture regarding sequence, collisions, tolerances, welding path, human interaction, etc. This paper presents the welding fixture design problem in its general form. To describe the freedom of automation, the paper introduces the term decision space as the subset of a design space feasible by automation. Depending on the desired outcome, the decision space can be exploited through various strategies and automation approaches. This paper presents one of these approaches by implementing an evolutionary algorithm to the parametric fixture design problem of the use case. The results show reduced engineering efforts and the potential for expanding the exploratory spectrum of design proposals during conceptualization.

Implizite Theorie

The selection and evaluation of historical theoretical sources depend considerably on our interests and expectations. The importance of basso continuo remains underestimated today, while sources which seem to pave the way for chord-inversion, fundamental bass and “modern” harmony systems are often overrepresented. This article attempts to show that many didactic writings from the 16th to the 18th century contain an implicit theory, which can be highly useful today for practical exercises as well as for analysis. This implicit theory is built upon general concepts orientated towards the surface of composition and not towards hidden structural strata. The metaphor of a musical surface as contrasting to depth and height is derived from Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy and used as a global interpretation of the history of music theories. “Musical surface” here designates the intervallic design of multi-part structures, above all the design of the outer voices, demonstrated prototypically by examples from Henry Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas. The art of designing the musical surface serves as the main criterion of a composer’s craftsmanship in numerous treatises. The “theory” documented in these treatises has to be reconstructed today, as it is often not entirely verbalized. The most common didactic tool in these implicit theories is the exemplum. The practical use of exempla helps to transform an implicit into an explicit theory and as a result might also help to reconstruct historic teaching methods. This is exemplified by the discussion of passages from treatises by Christopher Simpson (A Compendium of Practical Musick, 1667) and Giovanni Paisiello (Regole per bene accompagnare il partimento, 1782). This practically oriented approach makes today’s didactics of historical musical styles similar to experimental archeology.

Calculation of the Eddy Current Losses in a Laminated Open-Type Transformer Core Based on the A→,T→−A→ Formulation

Losses due to eddy currents in an open-type transformer core are significantly reduced by the lamination of the transformer core. In order to further reduce the eddy current losses, the open-type core often has a multi-part structure, i.e., it is composed of several more slender cores. The complete homogenization of such a core is not possible when an A→,V−A→ formulation is used, where A and V represent the magnetic vector potential and electric scalar potential, respectively. On the other hand, an A→,T→−A→ formulation, where T represents the electric vector potential, enables the complete homogenization of the general open-type core, but the simulation converges poorly due to the large number of degrees of freedom. By eliminating the redundant degrees of freedom, the convergence rate is significantly improved, and is at least twice as good as the convergence rate of the simulation based on the A→,V−A→ formulation. In this paper, a method for the calculation of the eddy current losses in an open-type core based on the A→,T→−A→ formulation with the elimination of redundant degrees of freedom is presented. The method is validated by comparison with a brute force simulation based on the A→,V−A→ formulation, and the efficiency of the method is determined by comparison with the standard homogenization method based on the A→,V−A→ formulation.

Review of design solutions for manipulators and main areas of their application

Manipulators are multi-part constructions whose members are connected by joints. The most common kinematic structure is the series structure. The effector at the end of the structure is a process head or a gripper. The most commonly used kinematic structure is a series structure, and the effector at the end of it is a technological head or a gripper. The area of application of manipulators is very wide and it de-termines the type of tools used, the kinematic structure, the drive system, and the base platform ‒ sta-tionary or mobile one. As industrial, medical, and research robots there are used the manipulators built on a stationary platform. A construction of this type requires a high degree of repeatability and preci-sion in the movements performed. A multi-part structure with a large number of degrees of freedom provides the manipulators with a large working capacity, but at the same time makes it difficult to use them effectively for manual operation. This is why they are most commonly used for robots in which some or all movements are controlled automatically. Manipulators, mounted on mobile platforms, are a special group, called in short mobile robots. They are most often used for special tasks, such as military and rescue operations, as well as for the exploration of hard-to-reach research areas. Manipulators used there must be able to carry heavy loads, have a wide range of workspace and the ability to generate large lifting forces. Their use for dangerous activities protects people from the risk of loss of their life or health, and thus it increases the efficiency of the work. In recent years, there has been observed an intensive development in constructions of this type.

Homogeneous problems of elasticity theory for different boundary conditions in the region of the angular cut of the boundary

Mathematical modeling of structures as complicated technical systems includes development of an experimental calculation method of problem solving for areas having different variants of structural shaping (special lines and points, e.g., reentering angles). The notion of stress concentration in an irregular point of the area boundary is losing its sense. Infinite stress and strain are determined in the area of the angular cut of the boundary as solution of homogeneous boundary problems. The singularity of a problem solution depends upon the type of homogeneous boundary conditions, mechanical specifications of the areas, apex angles of the boundary cut. The studies of power-mode strain and stress get especially vital during studies of the stress of multi-part structures in the areas of conjunction of elements made of materials with different mechanical properties in forced deflected mode with ruptural deformation along the contact line (surface) of the elements. The present paper reports on statements of homogeneous boundary problems for different types of homogeneous boundary conditions for a flat wedge-shaped area. A system determinant for determining of proper values is indicated, as well as proprietary solutions of the problem for different variants of the component areas of the wedge, mechanical properties and the cutout opening of the areas boundary.

Reconsidering Laminate Nonsymmetry

Nonsymmetric laminates are commonly precluded from composite design due to perceptions of reduced performance arising from in- and out-of-plane coupling. This coupling introduces warpage during cure—leading to raised stresses, together with diminished buckling and load carrying capacity. However, these reduced performance characteristics are rarely quantified and included in the design process; instead the symmetric-only paradigm remains pervasive at the cost of a significantly reduced design space. Warpage is largely driven by mismatch in the coefficients of thermal expansion between sublaminates located above and below the midplane and can be predicted by the classical laminate theory. Acknowledging that all symmetric laminates in multipart structures have build stresses from assembly, it is proposed that subsets of nonsymmetric laminates that translate to similar raised stress levels be considered for design. Challenging this symmetric-only design paradigm would permit greater design freedom and offer new routes to elastically tailor composite structures. Further analysis of structural performance is assessed in terms of reduced loading and buckling capacity.

Creolization as balancing act in the transoceanic quadrille: Choreogenesis, incorporation, memory, market

ABSTRACTThis essay examines quadrille dancing in the Caribbean and the Mascarene archipelagos to theorize creolization as cultural process. Through close reading of French, Creole, and English sources, fieldwork, and attentiveness to the pleasures of social dance, I analyze the creolized quadrille as a balancing act between choreogenesis, or the emergence of new segments within the quadrille’s multi-part structure, and their fractal incorporation within that structure. An incompatibility with the logic of the market results, which, over the longue durée, is balanced by the creolized quadrille’s postcolonial memorialization within a festival economy, even as the commercialization of creolized partner dances became its circum-Atlantic legacy. The transoceanic frame of my argumentation reveals convergences as well as divergences between the Indian and Atlantic Ocean worlds that connect Europe and its (post)colonies. The creolized quadrille then emerges as a transoceanic leisure form that demonstrates creolization as an economic and cultural force within global modernity.

Marita Bonner’s Aesthetics of Discrimination

This article situates the short stories of Marita Bonner in the context of Black women’s modernist techniques and Black feminist geography. Bonner’s work emphasizes the aesthetic basis of racial ideologies, and a formalist reading highlights how her stories’ fictional Frye Street setting, sentence-level mechanics, and multipart structures call attention to and destabilize the normative perceptions that produce and reinforce both gender roles and structures of antiblackness.

Lay-up Optimization of Laminated Composites Using a Modified Branch and Bound Method

Background:Composite materials are widely used in the aerospace, marine and automotive industries. One of their main advantages is that their stacking sequence can be tailored to maximise/minimise a specific structural performance. Efficient and non-computational-expensive algorithms are always needed to find the optimum stacking sequence of a composite laminate whose thickness is either to be minimised or may be kept constant (i.e.the thickness and the plies orientation percentages are pre-determined; the problem of the optimisation is therefore permutational).Objective:A modified branch and bound algorithm is proposed here and used to determine the stacking sequence for single and multi-objective optimisation problems. Laminate thickness and orientation percentages are either variables or determined a priori (the optimisation problem is therefore permutational). Computational time is drastically reduced when compared with other meta-heuristic techniques.Methods:The proposed method is a branch and bound algorithm, modified from the original work proposed by Kim and Hwang [10]. The main novelty is the starting point of the optimisation sequence: a laminate formed by “Ideal” layers, described in this paper.Results:The modified branch and bound has been first tested with a laminate having fixed thickness and a fixed percentage of layer orientation. Three different problems have been investigated: maximisation of natural frequencies, minimisation of tip deflection and maximisation of buckling critical load. The algorithm has been also tested, secondly, for a problem of weight minimisation subjected to buckling and strength constraints.Conclusion:The MBB has been shown to give good fidelity and significant computational advantages compared with a GA. Despite the simplicity of the structures in the numerical examples, it is anticipated that the MBB can be used to determine lay-ups in multi-part structures. The method was used to determine stacking sequences for several problems. The modified branch and bound method was shown to determine good laminate designs and offer significant efficiency savings.A “Good Design” is here defined as a solution producing “Near Global Optima” fitness values by minimising the computational effort. It was shown that for a single objective without ply competition, global optima were obtained.

A comprehensive open package format for preservation and distribution of geospatial data and metadata

The complexities of the intricate geospatial resources and formats make preservation and distribution of GIS data difficult even among experts. The proliferation of, for instance, KML, Internet map services, etc, reflects the need for sharing geodata but a comprehensive solution when having to deal with data and metadata of a certain complexity is not currently provided. Original geospatial data is usually divided into several parts to record its different aspects (spatial and thematic features, etc), plus additional files containing, metadata, symbolization specifications and tables, etc; these parts are encoded in different formats, both standard and proprietary. To simplify data access, software providers encourage the use of an additional element that we call generically “map project”, and this contains links to other parts (local or remote). Consequently, in order to distribute the data and metadata refereed by the map in a complete way, or to apply the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) standard to preserve it for the future, we need to face the multipart problem. This paper proposes a package allowing the distribution of real (comprehensive although diverse and complex) GIS data over the Internet and for data preservation. This proposal, complemented with the right tools, hides but keeps the multipart structure, so providing a simpler but professional user experience. Several packaging strategies are reviewed in the paper, and a solution based on ISO 29500-2 standard is chosen. The solution also considers the adoption of the recent Open Geospatial Consortium Web Services common standard (OGC OWS) context document as map part, and as a way for also combining data files with geospatial services. Finally, and by using adequate strategies, different GIS implementations can use several parts of the package and ignore the rest: a philosophy that has proven useful (e.g. in TIFF).

Workflow For Creating a Simulation Ready Virtual Population For Finite Element Modeling

Three dimensional image-based meshing of multipart structures from medical scan data continues to reveal exciting new possibilities for the application of simulation techniques to a wide range of biomedical problems. However, significant challenges to creating a population of simulation compatible models still exist. These include: 1) dataset availability—due to privacy rules and cost, very few readily available dataset repositories of human phantoms exist; 2) segmentation difficulty—segmentation of scan datasets is extremely man-hour intensive. Effort is often measured by months to years for a single model; 3) clean CAD model extraction—the faceted volumetric meshes and CAD geometry must contain conformal face mapping between touching objects. Since traditional part-by-part meshing approaches risk gaps or overlap between adjacent parts, manual and time consuming repair may be required. This paper demonstrates a potential solution to these challenges through a fast and efficient workflow that begins with newly available anatomical geometries, and culminates in a solved multi-object computational simulation. Using the new series of 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantoms created by Segars et al., we use ScanIP (Simpleware Ltd., Exeter, UK) to convert these datasets into multi-object simulation ready geometry files that are imported into HFSS (ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, PA) for EM simulation and analysis.

Editorial- The Role of Complex Agroecosystems in Climate Change Mitigation

Editorial- The Role of Complex Agroecosystems in Climate Change Mitigation

The role of transboundary dialogue : a response to Stephen Ellmann

The novelty of Ellmann's paper derives primarily from the fact that it moves beyond the separation of powers and counter-majoritarian based critiques and analyses that have dominated academic discourse about South African constitutional law. For instance, in the second edition of the Constitutional law of South Africa, Woolman and Botha outline the multi-part structure of the fundamental rights analysis. The authors describe interpretation as characterised by a two-fold process: determining the meaning or the scope of a fundamental right followed by a determination of whether the right has been infringed. In most instances, a finding that the right has been limited leads to a third stage: limitations analysis. Under section 36, courts are, quite 'controversially', given the power to decide whether a democratically conceived law's infringement of a fundamental right indeed violates the Constitution or whether, in fact, the infringement of a right can be justified.

Musical Meter in Attention to Multipart Rhythm

Performing in musical ensembles can be viewed as a dual task that requires simultaneous attention to a high priority �target� auditory pattern (e.g., a performer�s own part) and either (a) another part in the ensemble or (b) the aggregate texture that results when all parts are integrated. The current study tested the hypothesis that metric frameworks (rhythmic schemas) promote the efficient allocation of attentional resources in such multipart musical contexts. Experiment 1 employed a recognition memory paradigm to investigate the effects of attending to metrical versus nonmetrical target patterns upon the perception of aggregate patterns in which they were embedded. Experiment 2 required metrical and nonmetrical target patterns to be reproduced while memorizing different, concurrently presented metrical patterns that were also subsequently reproduced. Both experiments included conditions in which the different patterns within the multipart structure were matched or mismatched in terms of best-fitting meter. Results indicate that dual-task performance was best in matched-metrical conditions, intermediate in mismatched-metrical conditions, and worst in nonmetrical conditions. This suggests that metric frameworks may facilitate complex musical interactions by enabling efficient allocation of attentional resources.