This article presents the optimal charging of a Li-ion cell based on a simplified full homogenized macro-scale (FHM) model. A solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer model is included in the simplified FHM model to quantify cell degradation. With these models, a multi-objective optimal control problem subject to constraints from safety concerns is formulated to achieve health-conscious optimal charging. This constrained optimal control problem is converted to a nonlinear programming problem (NLP). A nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy is adopted by solving the NLP at each sampling time using the pseudo-spectral optimization method. The effect of the input current upper bound on the cell film resistance Rfilm and state of health (SoH) reveals that Rfilm and SoH are more sensitive to input current upper bound at lower values of input current upper bound. Simulation results show that the simplified model and pseudo-spectral method are crucial for reducing the computational load of the model. The proposed algorithm is more efficient in reducing health degradation than the conventional constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charging algorithm since it can explicitly handle the film resistance and capacity as health parameters. Multiple cycle charging simulations revealed that the health-conscious algorithm decreases health degradation and increases battery life.