Multi-input Converter Research Articles

DESIGN OF MULTI-PORT DC-DC CONVERTER

Integrating Energy sources to have a sustainable energy supply is an important aspect to handle the significant loads. Multiport power converters are used to connect various types of energy sources and loads. The key advantages of multi-input converters lie in their capability to interface with multiple input sources such as solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, and grid power, thereby optimizing energy utilization and enhancing system reliability. In the paper, a new configuration of single switch Dual– Input Single-Output (DISO) DC-DC converter is proposed. This paper presents an overview of multi-input converters, focusing on their design, operation, and applications in renewable energy integration Multiport converter reduces the system size and cost by reducing the number of components. The proposed converter is verified in MATLAB/ Simulink and validated with simulation results. Key Words: Dul-input single-output converter (DISO), switch, and Multiport converter.

Validation and test of a novel multi-input converter in extreme conditions using PSOPIC in hybrid power generation environment

The need for renewable energy resources increases due to the day-by-day increase in load demand. Still, there is a need for new technology to operate the existing power system optimally. Distributed generation (DGENs) are helpful in meeting the demand of power due to its lower cost compared to the construction of the complete power system. But this DGEN is constructed using renewable resources, which are intermittent in nature. So, hybrid power generation, which uses multiple sources, is used to satisfy the power need. In this paper, validation, and test of a new multi-input single ended primary inductor converter (MI-SEPIC) is proposed. The performance of the MI-SEPIC converter is tested by connecting photovoltaic (PV), wind, and fuel cells. The proposed system is connected to the grid, and the power transients are analyzed. The DQ control of grid synchronization is discussed in this paper. The conventional PI controller is replaced with a hybrid particle swarm optimization tuned proportional integral control (PSOPIC), and the results are compared. Verification is done using MATLAB software. Validation and test with different test cases to prove the sturdiness of the complete system is explained.

Development of multiple input supply based modified SEPIC DC–DC converter for efficient management of DC microgrid

The development of DC microgrids is reliant on multi-input converters, which offer several advantages, including enhanced DC power generation and consumption efficiency, simplified quality, and stability. This paper describes the development of a multiple input supply based modified SEPIC DC–DC Converter for efficient management of DC microgrid that is powered by two DC sources. Here Multi-Input SEPIC converter offers both versatility in handling output voltage ranges and efficiency in power flow, even under challenging operating conditions like lower duty cycle values. These features contribute to the converter's effectiveness in managing power within a DC microgrid. In this configuration, the DC sources can supply energy to the load together or separately, depending on how the power switches operate. The detailed working states with equivalent circuit diagrams and theoretical waveforms, under steady-state conditions, are shown along with the current direction equations. This paper also demonstrates the typical analysis of large-signal, small-signal, steady-state modeling techniques and detailed design equations. The proposed configuration is validated through the conceptual examination using theoretical and comprehensive MATLAB simulation results. Detailed performance analysis has been done for different cases with various duty ratios. Finally, to show the competitiveness, the multi-input SEPIC topology is compared with similar recent converters.

Systematic Review of Bidirectional, Multiport Converter Structures and Their Derivatives: A Case Study of Bidirectional Dual Input Dual Output Converters

This study thoroughly compares multiple single bidirectional and multiport converters (MPCs), highlighting the significant role of MPCs in multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems. MPCs offer a more efficient and cost-effective solution than multiple single converters, especially in applications involving photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicles (EVs) with storage systems, and power grids. This research emphasizes the importance of multi-input converters (MICs) in integrating diverse voltage sources. It notes the rising popularity of multi-output DC-DC converters in portable electronics, owing to their reduced component count, lower costs, and compact design. This paper emphasizes comparisons based on diverse aspects and applications, shedding light on recent developments in basic bidirectional converters. Additionally, it delves into the advancements in MPC topologies, focusing on efficiency, reliability, and modularity improvements. These advancements are crucial for harnessing cost reduction, simplicity, and compactness. Furthermore, this paper introduces an innovative multiport DC-DC converter tailored for integrating and managing renewable sources. This new converter design enhances PV system and battery storage performance by reducing power conversion steps, using fewer components, and improving voltage-boosting capabilities. Its unique bidirectional buck-boost structure allows for versatile connections between sources and loads with varying voltage and power requirements. The performance of this novel converter is evaluated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations under different scenarios. Experimental studies further validate its effectiveness, marking a significant contribution to power conversion and management in integrating renewable sources such as DC microgrids.

A single-stage dual-source inverter using low-power components and microcomputers

This paper is an attempt to provide a dual-source inverter, an intelligent inverter topology that links two isolated DC sources to a single three-phase output through single-stage conversion. The converter is designed to be utilized in hybrid photovoltaic fuel cell systems, among other renewable energy applications. The proposed dual-source inverter employs a single DC-AC converter, as opposed to conventional dual-source hybrid inverters which make use of several input DC-DC modules to obtain the voltage formed across the inverter’s input DC-link. In the proposed topology, the semiconductor count is low, which leads to improved efficiency, cost, complexity, and reliability. The proposed topology makes use of two impedance networks connected by transformers, diodes, and capacitors. The regulation of the electrical power generated by primary sources and the independence of the converter on key factors like voltage and frequency are essential parameters in multi-input converters. This feature becomes highly prominent when the control algorithm is implemented by conventional processors. Viewed from this perspective, the control method described in this paper is worthy of consideration. The research work describes a 220-W/50 Hz prototype that employs Simple Boost-SPWM. Experimental results verify the analyses and corroborate the satisfactory performance of the suggested converter.

Survey of Multi Input Converter Topology for Renewable Energy Applications

Survey of Multi Input Converter Topology for Renewable Energy Applications

Multi-input Converters for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review of Topologies, Control Strategies, and Future Research Trends

Multi-input Converters for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review of Topologies, Control Strategies, and Future Research Trends

Integration of multiple sources for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles using single inductor multi-input converter

Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCHEV) use batteries and Photo Voltaic (PV) arrays to overcome Fuel Cell (FC) limitations like slow reaction times and low power densities. In a traditional power conversion system, three converters link FC, PV array, and battery to the output load. Despite using the FC, PV array, and battery, it has three inductors and several switches. Each switch also endures high voltage stress, possibly lowering power density and efficiency. This paper proposes a single-inductor multi-input converter (SI-MIC) that achieves 550 V as output where the input is variable. The fuzzy logic controller enables the integration of multiple power sources by selectively turning the ON and OFF switches in various operating modes. Fewer active switches during the powering process make it possible to employ semiconductors with a lower voltage. Thus, the converter generates high power with low conduction and switching losses. The state space model verifies the validity and stability of the converter under various operating modes.

Voltage-Fed single stage inverter for generating systems with Multi-Input inverter using Pulse Width Modulation

A voltage-fed single-stage multiple-input inverter is developed for hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy generating systems. In this research proposes a revolutionary multi-input inverter that simplifies and reduces the power system's cost. Inverter comprises the DC-DC converters and full-bridge ac inverters, which are buck/buck-boost. This study proposed a multi-input converter for hybrid photovoltaic and wind energy systems, with the basis and enhanced functionalities created by the scholars included in the design. A Novel Predictive Current Control Algorithm (NPCCA) is proposed for Hybrid a renewable energy source which depends on improved space-vector Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) to provide high-quality current and quick dynamic reaction to incorporate changes. Also discussed are the solar array and wind turbine output power characteristics. The Maximum Power Point-Tracking (MPPT) methodology is accomplished using the perturbation and observation methods to resist all non-linearities in the typical I-V curves. The proposed multi-input converters results in lower production costs for the converters since they use fewer semiconductors and take up less space. Soft-starting and circuit safety features are added for real-world uses. The simulation outcome of the NPCCA framework attained in terms of accuracy is 92% and efficiency is 92% when compared with the other existing approaches.

Development and Application of an Energy Management System for Electric Vehicles Integrated with Multi-input DC-DC Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter

The rise in environmental pollution, demand for fossil fuels, and higher fuel economy vehicles has raised concerns about the creation of new and efficient transportation vehicles in recent days. These days, most developments in electric vehicles concentrate on making the vehicles more pleasant to ride in. Nonetheless, the emphasis now should be on energy and its most efficient use. To do this, you must give your attention to the origin of the automobile. The answer to this problem may be found in hybrid energy storage systems (HESS). This work is concerned with the design and implementation of an effective energy management system in electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with an active HESS consisting of a battery and a super capacitor via the incorporation of load sharing into this hybridization under a variety of load demand scenarios. To address the demands of high fuel efficiency vehicles, automotive firms are focusing on the development of diesel-engine operated vehicles, electric vehicles, fuel-cell vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles. A Multi-input Bidirectional Buck-Boost (MIB3) DC-DC converter is proposed in this dissertation to provide a greater conversion ratio to the input DC voltage. The multi-input converter recommended has fewer components and a simpler control method, making it more trustworthy and cost-effective. This converter also has bidirectional power flow functionality, making it suitable for charging the battery during regenerative braking in an electric or hybrid vehicle. Three different energy sources are used in the suggested topology: a photovoltaic (PV) panel, a battery, and an ultra-capacitor

A Comprehensive Review of Multi-Port DC/DC Converters for The Off-Grid System Integration with Renewable Energy Resources

Appropriate design of Multi-Port Converter (MPC) topology helps to overcome the difficulties of combining numerous renewable energy sources (RES). In this article, a comprehensive analysis of these MPCs in terms of their topologies, operating principles, various dependability, and overall efficacy is offered. There are two main types of MPCs which are non-isolated and isolated MPCs being coupled in parallel and series configurations to function as multi-input converters. These MPCs can flow the load power in one or both directions for the RES or BESS (battery energy storage system) applications. The non-isolated MPCs are most used in the latest years but they have some limitations such as small voltage gain, and failure in isolation. The isolated MPC is more effective than the non-isolated ones in terms of isolation between the input power stage and output but has some drawbacks such as the high cost, and large size of the high-frequency transformer (HFT). In this review paper, a high-efficiency voltage-regulator/battery energy storage system (VR-BESS) was presented as a multi-port DC-DC converter for the standalone PV (photovoltaic) array. This converter has fewer switches, is cheaper, and is more dependable than its counterparts.

Modelling and Control of a Multi-input Converter Based EV Charging Station

Modelling and Control of a Multi-input Converter Based EV Charging Station

Design and implementation of a Fuzzy logic supervisory based on SMC controller for a Dual Input-Single Output converter

Multi-Input Converters (MIC) are an advancing technology suitable for sustainable energies, due to its ability to incorporate several Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Various structures and topologies of DC–DC converters are developed recently to ensure the highest performances of hybrid RES. The MIC are a typical coupling system which has several operating modes. Thus, their management system and controller design become complicated. This paper reports on the design, modelling, and control of a non-isolated double-input boost converter based on fuzzy supervision strategy. In fact, this work describes the design of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) supervisor with power sharing abilities. The supervisor decides the percentage of the power for each input source. The studied converter is proficient for the integration of power sources individually or simultaneously. First, the state space model of the dual input single output converter based on the average model technique is presented. Second, an intelligent fuzzy management system is proposed. Meanwhile, the power control is based on sliding mode control (SMC). The stability of the system with the proposed SMC is proved via Lyapunov theory. Finally, a comparative study is conducted betweendifferent controllers in the supervised and non supervised modes, theses controllers (PI and SMC) have been used to control the voltage and the current loops. The validity of the suggested supervisor and its performances is tested experimentally on a laboratory prototype using dSPACE 1104 real time digital board. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness and the flexibility of the Fuzzy supervisor based on SMC (FSMC) compared to one which based on PI control(FPI) under different operating conditions.

Decoupled control of a high step-up multi-input converter for renewable energy applications

This paper focuses on the development and control of a non-isolated high step-up multi-input dc–dc converter for renewable energy applications. The converter has non-pulsed input currents and high voltage gain owing to the input inductors and a switched-capacitor (SC) network. In a two-input case, there are only two low-side switches controlled independently for adjusting individual input power levels and another low-side switch for operating the SC network. Steady-state analysis and dynamic modelling of the converter are provided. Design procedures regarding the hardware and decoupled control system dealing with the interactions of the control loops are given. After a benchmark study, a laboratory prototype rated at 200-W validates the analysis and tests the control system when subjected to step changes.

Design of Multi Input Converter Topology for Distinct Energy Sources

Two input energy sources are introduced in the suggested Multi input DC-DC converter topologies. The converters may send power to the load from both the input and output energy sources at the same time. The capacity to execute the buck, boost, and buck-boost modes of operation using the same structure, as well as the ability to transmit power to the load even if any one of the input energy sources fails, are the key advantages of the upgraded converter over the basic design. As a result, the MATLAB/Simulink platform was used to do a full software simulation of the enhanced converter. The state topology of the converter is illustrated independently for the buck, boost, and buck boost operations, indicating the integration of two renewable energy sources. In comparison to current converter topologies that have been published in the literature, the suggested converters offer various advantages such as a lower component count, a compact construction, and efficient energy usage.

A new dual input boost converter with coupled inductors

ABSTRACT Multi-input converters are utilised in renewable energy systems including photovoltaic or wind systems. In order to increase efficiency in these converters using soft switching technique is unavoidable. This article presents a multi-input soft-switching converter with coupled inductors. The proposed converter uses only one auxiliary circuit and its operation is simple. Operating modes, design considerations, and loss calculations of the proposed converter are described. Also, a controller circuit is proposed for this converter and its operation has been evaluated. All switches used in this converter are turned on and off under soft switching conditions. Proposed converter efficiency is increased in comparison with similar multi-input converters under the same conditions. The theoretical analysis has been confirmed with the simulation and experimental data of a 200 W prototype converter.

Design and Validation of a SEPIC-Based Novel Multi-Input DC-DC Converter for Grid-Independent Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The multi-input converters play a significant role in developing grid-independent hybrid electric vehicles (GIHEVs). This article describes the design and analysis of a single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC)-based novel multi-input DC-DC converter (MIC) for grid-independent hybrid electric vehicles (GIHEVs) that is powered by a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel and a fuel cell. The average large-signal, small-signal, and steady-state modelings are demonstrated to achieve high-quality design and analysis. The proposed converter promises wide output voltage and power flow management at lower duty cycle values. The sources can transfer energy to the load either jointly or individually in this converter with the appropriate operation of the power switches. A hardware prototype is also developed and tested efficiently to uphold the mathematical modeling, design, and operation. With fewer switches, lower voltage stress, and fewer circuit components, the suggested converter claims better gain and higher (96%) efficiency.

Power Management Using One Cycle Control Strategy for Triple Input Single Output Fly Back DC–DC Converter

Traditional multi-input converters have simpler configuration, but they have some disadvantages like multiple primary winding, high voltage stresses across the switches and also transfer of energy to the load occurs only from anyone of the input sources. This article proposes an isolated converter with reduced number of primary winding, and the load can be supplied by the sources either individually or simultaneously. The main objective of this work is to inject power into the grid using a three input single output Fly back DC–DC converter with closed loop control using one cycle controller (OCC) and PI controller. For power management, the inductor current is measured and the duty ratios of respective sources are controlled in such a manner that the average current flowing through the switch is proportional to power delivered by respective sources. In order to maintain the output voltage to be constant, the duty ratio of any one source is to be controlled by using outer voltage controller and inner current controller. Here, the duty ratios of first two sources are controlled by current mode control using OCC and the duty ratio of third source is controlled by using voltage controller with inner OCC current control. Since OCC is a nonlinear technique, only one PI controller is needed by the system. The system has only two sensors, one for measuring the output voltage and one for measuring the inductor current.

Analysis, design and implementation of a high step‐up multi‐port non‐isolated converter with coupled inductor and soft switching for photovoltaic applications

In this paper, a new structure of a non-isolated multi-input converter is presented that is capable of generating high voltages to increase the efficiency of the converter, which uses a combination of a coupled inductor and a voltage multiplier cell. By combining these two methods, it is possible to use switches with low voltage stress and therefore low conductivity. This type of structure is suitable for photovoltaic (PV) applications. The proposed converter has two distinct phases for each input, which can be used to properly control the energy received from each source using two separate phases. The performance of the proposed converter depends on the charging or discharging mode of the energy storage system (ESS). To design a high step-up non-isolated multi-input converter, first the structure and performance of the proposed converter are thoroughly investigated. The exact design method is presented for the correct operation of the converter and the simulation results for different modes of the converter operation are shown. Finally, in order to confirm the accuracy of the simulation results of the proposed converter, a laboratory sample of the proposed converter to supply a 400 W–400 V load is implemented and a comparison between the theoretical and practical results is performed.

Comparative study of a bidirectional multi-phase multiinput converter for electric vehicles

Multiinput converters allow to create hybrid energy systems in electric vehicles with a reduced part count. In addition, interleaved structures help to build efficient converters with several possible benefits, such as low current ripple and high power density. This paper proposes utilizing a multiphase multiinput converter (MPMIC), which concentrates the aforementioned advantages and presents a comprehensive comparison with its single-phase version, called single phase multiinput converter (SPMIC). After analysing their steady-state characteristics, SPMIC and MPMIC are designed considering same conditions. Then, two laboratory prototypes rated at 2.5kW output power are implemented to validate the analysis. Finally, these prototypes are compared in terms of voltage-gain, input current ripple, efficiency, complexity, cost, and power density. The results show that MPMIC surpasses SPMIC in efficiency and in input current ripple at the expense of increments in the complexity and cost. Besides, MPMIC results in comparatively high voltage gain in low power region thanks to the discontinuous current mode operation. On the other hand, it is explored that SPMIC can reach higher power density in the event of effective cooling.