Multi-ingredient Pre-workout Supplement Research Articles

Acute effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout dietary supplement on anaerobic performance in untrained men: a randomized, crossover, single blind study

BackgroundMulti-ingredient pre-workout dietary supplements (MIPS), which are combinations of different ingredients acting on different physiological mechanisms, can have a synergistic effect and improve performance. The aim of the study was to determine the acute effects of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement containing: beta-alanine, taurine, caffeine, L-tyrosine, and cayenne pepper (capsaicin) on anaerobic performance.MethodsA randomized, crossover, single-blind study was designed. Twelve young, healthy, untrained men aged 22.4 ± 1.44 years participated in the study. The participants performed a supramaximal all-out test (20 s Wingate test) twice, day by day, in random order: test after placebo or MIPS consumption. In both trials, the following variables were measured in the exercise test: total work performed, peak power, mean power, time to reach peak power, and power decrease.ResultsMIPS was found to be effective in improving peak power (p = 0.009, ES = 0.77) and mean power (p = 0.04, ES = 0.62) in the Wingate test. However, the supplement consumption did not affect the amount of total work done (p = 0.10, ES = 0.48) in the test or power decrease (p = 0.07, ES = 0.53). The data indicate, that the improvement in anaerobic power was due to a significant improvement in pedaling speed, which was manifested in a significant improvement (i.e. shortening) in time to peak power (p = 0.003, ES = 0.88).ConclusionA multi-ingredient pre-workout dietary supplement was found to be effective in improving Wingate (anaerobic) performance.Trial registrationNCT06363669, retrospectively registered on 11.04.2024 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

A single dose multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement enhances upper body resistance exercise performance.

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) are commonly used by individuals looking to enhance exercise performance and augment adaptations to training. However, the efficacy of commercially available MIPS is largely dependent on the ingredient profile, and new formulations should be investigated to determine their effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a commercially available MIPS product on performance during an upper body resistance exercise protocol. Twenty resistance-trained participants (10 men, 10 women) volunteered to complete this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study consisting of 3 visits. Visit 1 consisted of body composition, 1-repetition maximum (1RM) testing, and familiarization. Visits 2 and 3 consisted of supplementation with either MIPS or placebo (PLA) 1 h prior to completion of an upper body resistance exercise workout during which power output, repetitions completed, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and perceived recovery were recorded. Assessments of reaction time, isometric mid-thigh pull, and perceived levels of focus, energy, fatigue, and "muscle pump" were also completed before supplementation, 1 h after supplementation, and immediately after exercise. Statistical analysis revealed significant main effects of trial for reaction time (p < 0.001) and bench press peak power (p = 0.026) indicating better performance during the MIPS trial. Furthermore, total number of repetitions completed significantly increased (p = 0.003) during the MIPS (96.90 ± 21.31 repetitions) trial compared to PLA (89.50 ± 18.37 repetitions). Additionally, overall session RPE was significantly lower (p = 0.002) during the MIPS (7.6 ± 1.2) trial compared to PLA (8.3 ± 0.9). These findings suggest that acute supplementation with this MIPS improved upper body resistance exercise performance while reducing participant RPE. Further research should investigate the efficacy of chronic supplementation with this MIPS as the acute response provided an ergogenic benefit.

The Effects of a Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement on Repeated Sprint Ability: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study

Introduction: Pre-workout supplements have become increasingly popular for exercisers; however, the efficacy of newly marketed supplements may be uninvestigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on repeated sprint ability and muscle excitability. Methods: A total of 20 women (age: 20.95 ± 1.62; mass: 66.23 ± 10.81) and 18 men (age: 22.70 ± 2.94; mass: 84.71 ± 12.76) completed two testing sessions separated by 48 hours and were provided the placebo or MIPS in a randomized order. After ingestion, participants waited 25 minutes before completing ten, 6-second sprints against a resistance of 7.5% of body mass with 45-second rest periods. For each sprint, peak power (PP) was recorded. Surface electromyography was recorded on the vastus lateralis of the subject’s dominant leg to determine muscle activation. The ratio of PP to muscle activation was calculated as muscle excitability. Results: MIPS significantly improved (p=0.005) PP in men on sprint 5 (mean difference ± SD: 62.6 ± 83.3W). In women, MIPS had no effect in PP (p=0.140). Muscle excitability was unaffected by MIPS in men (p=0.255) and women (p=0.501). Conclusions: An acute dose of MIPS does not appear to improve repeated sprint ability nor muscle excitability in men and women.

Effects of a Single Dose of a Creatine-Based Multi-Ingredient Pre-workout Supplement Compared to Creatine Alone on Performance Fatigability After Resistance Exercise: A Double-Blind Crossover Design Study.

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the acute effects of a single oral administration of a creatine-based multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on performance fatigability and maximal force production after a resistance exercise protocol (REP).MethodsEighteen adult males (age: 23 ± 1 years; body mass: 76.4 ± 1.5 kg; height: 1.77 ± 0.01 m) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study. Subjects received a single dose of a MIPS (3 g of creatine, 2 g of arginine, 1 g of glutamine, 1 g of taurine, and 800 mg of β-alanine) or creatine citrate (CC) (3 g of creatine) or a placebo (PLA) in three successive trials 1 week apart. In a randomized order, participants consumed either MIPS, CC, or PLA and performed a REP 2 h later. Before ingestion and immediately after REP, subjects performed isometric contractions of the dominant biceps brachii: two maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs), followed by a 20% MVC for 90 s and a 60% MVC until exhaustion. Surface electromyographic indices of performance fatigability, conduction velocity (CV), and fractal dimension (FD) were obtained from the surface electromyographic signal (sEMG). Time to perform the task (TtT), basal blood lactate (BL), and BL after REP were also measured.ResultsFollowing REP, statistically significant (P < 0.05) pre–post mean for ΔTtT between MIPS (−7.06 s) and PLA (+0.222 s), ΔCV slopes (20% MVC) between MIPS (0.0082%) and PLA (−0.0519%) and for ΔCV slopes (60% MVC) between MIPS (0.199%) and PLA (−0.154%) were found. A pairwise comparison analysis showed no statistically significant differences in other variables between groups and condition vs. condition.ConclusionAfter REP, a creatine-enriched MIPS resulted in greater improvement of sEMG descriptors of performance fatigability and TtT compared with PLA. Conversely, no statistically significant differences in outcomes measured were observed between CC and PLA or MIPS and CC.

The Effects of a Pre-workout Supplement on Measures of Alertness, Mood, and Lower-Extremity Power.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on mental and physical performance.Materials and methodsFourteen exercise-trained men (n=7) and women (n=7) completed this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover trial. Participants consumed either a MIPS or a placebo in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Forty-five minutes after consumption, the following assessments were conducted: psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), Profile of Mood States (POMS), vertical jump test, and heart rate and blood pressure. There was a one-week washout period between assessments.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between the treatment and placebo groups for the PVT (reaction time: treatment: 286 ± 28 ms, placebo: 306 ± 46 ms, p=0.0371) and POMS (i.e., vigor: treatment: 15.2 ± 14.9, placebo: 9.7 ± 9.6, p=0.0403; fatigue: treatment: 1.0 ± 1.1, placebo: 3.3 ± 3.4, p=0.0100). There were no significant differences between groups for the other indices of mood, false starts from the PVT, and vertical jump.ConclusionBased on our findings, the acute consumption of a MIPS produced a significant improvement in a sustained-attention, reaction-timed task as well as measures of vigor and fatigue.

The influence of caffeinated and non-caffeinated multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on resistance exercise performance and subjective outcomes.

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is substantial consumer and practitioner interest in an emerging supplement class known as multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS), largely due to their prevalence in resistance training communities as well as research findings demonstrating the ergogenic impact of caffeine on muscular performance. However, limited research has examined the potential efficacy of non-caffeinated MIPS, despite their growing popularity among those who are caffeine-sensitive or who train later in the day.MethodsTwenty-four resistance-trained college-aged males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) completed three visits in which they ingested either a caffeinated MIPS (C), an otherwise identical non-caffeinated MIPS (NC), or placebo in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover fashion. Squat isometric peak force (PFiso), rate of force development (RFD), and isokinetic performance were assessed. Upper and lower body maximal muscular strength and endurance were evaluated using the bench press and leg press, respectively. Visual analog scales for energy, focus, and fatigue were completed five times throughout the testing protocol. The effects of supplementation and biological sex on all variables were examined using linear mixed effects models.ResultsSignificantly greater PFiso was observed in both C (b: 0.36 transformed units [0.09, 0.62]) and NC (b: 0.32 transformed units [95% CI: 0.05, 0.58]) conditions, relative to placebo. Early RFD (RFD50) may have been higher with supplementation, particularly in females, with no effects for late RFD (RFD200) or peak RFD. In addition, increases in subjective energy after supplement ingestion were noted for C, but not NC. No effects of supplementation on traditional resistance exercise performance or isokinetic squat performance were observed, other than a lower leg press one-repetition maximum for males in the NC condition.ConclusionsThese data indicate that acute ingestion of either a caffeinated or non-caffeinated pre-workout formulation improved maximal force production during an isometric squat test but did not provide additional benefit to leg press, bench press, or isokinetic squat performance over placebo, within the context of a laboratory environment. The consumption of a caffeinated, but not non-caffeinated, MIPS increased subjective ratings of energy over placebo when assessed as part of a testing battery.

Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations.

Dietary supplements encompass a large heterogenic group of products with a wide range of ingredients and declared effects used by athletes for a multitude of reasons. The high prevalence of use across all sports and level of competition, combined with the well-documented risks of such products containing prohibited substances have led to several doping cases globally. Despite being a considerable concern and persistent focus of sport organizations and anti-doping agencies, the magnitude of anti-doping rule violations associated with supplement use is not well-known. This study examines 18-years of doping controls of a national anti-doping program to determine the relationship between the presence of prohibited substances in athlete's doping samples and the use of dietary supplements. In 26% (n = 49) of all the analytical anti-doping rule violation cases in the period 2003–2020 (n = 192), the athlete claimed that a dietary supplement was the source of the prohibited substance causing an adverse analytical finding. Evidence supporting this claim was found in about half of these cases (n = 27, i.e., 14% of all analytical ADRV's). Stimulants were the most prevalent substance group linked to supplements (n = 24), of which methylhexanamine was associated with 16 cases. High risk products were predominantly multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (n = 20) and fat-burning products (n = 4). Anti-doping organizations should develop strategies on how to assist athletes to assess the need, assess the risk and assess the consequences of using various dietary supplements.

Influence Of A Multi-ingredient Pre-workout Supplement On Energy Expenditure, Oxygen Uptake, And Subjective Feelings Of Fatigue During Low-intensity Aerobic Exercise

Influence Of A Multi-ingredient Pre-workout Supplement On Energy Expenditure, Oxygen Uptake, And Subjective Feelings Of Fatigue During Low-intensity Aerobic Exercise

The Effect of a Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement on Time to Fatigue in NCAA Division I Cross-Country Athletes.

This investigation aimed to determine the effect of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (RPE), lactate concentration, and time to fatigue (TTF) during a running task to volitional exhaustion. Eleven NCAA Division I cross-country runners (20 ± 2 year; height: 171 ± 14 cm; weight: 63.5 ± 9.1 kg) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Bayesian statistical methods were utilized, and parameter estimates were interpreted as statistically significant if the 95% highest-density intervals (HDIs) did not include zero. TTF was increased in the MIPS condition with a posterior Meandiff = 154 ± 4.2 s (95% HDI: −167, 465) and a 0.84 posterior probability that the supplement would increase TTF relative to PL. Blood lactate concentration immediately post-exercise was also higher in the MIPS condition compared to PL with an estimated posterior Meandiff = 3.99 ± 2.1 mmol (95% HDI: −0.16, 7.68). There were no differences in HR or RPE between trials. These findings suggest that a MIPS ingested prior to sustained running at lactate threshold has an 84% chance of increasing TTF in highly trained runners and may allow athletes to handle a higher level of circulating lactate before reaching exhaustion.

Racemic synephrine found in Citrus aurantium-listing pre-workout supplements suggests a non-plant-based origin.

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) contain Citrus aurantium as a source of bioactive amines such as p-synephrine, but concerns regarding the authenticity of ingredients in some supplements as well as adverse effects from consumption have been raised. R-(-)-Synephrine is the predominant enantiomer in Citrus aurantium extracts while synthetic preparations are often racemic. The aims of this study were to develop a screening method to determine the ratio of synephrine enantiomers in pre-workout supplements listing Citrus aurantium and to assess the ingredient authenticity by directly comparing their ratios to that found in Citrus aurantium standardised reference materials (SRMs). Quantification of enantiomers in the supplements and SRMs was achieved using a validated, high-performance liquid chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-QDa) direct enantioseparation method with a cellobiohydrolase (CBH) column (100 × 4.0 mm, 5 μM) and UV detection at 225 nm. Citrus aurantium SRMs were found to have an average enantiomeric ratio of 94:6 (R:S) with total synephrine ranging from 5.7 to 90.2 mg/g. Within the pilot sample of pre-workout supplements tested, only 42% (5/12) had enantiomeric ratios consistent with the SRMs with total synephrine ranging from 0.03 to 91.2 mg/g. For the remaining supplements, four had racemic ratios of synephrine (0.14 to 5.4 mg/g), two lacked any detectable levels of synephrine, and one had solely the S-(+)-enantiomer (0.15 mg/g). These results bring the authenticity of labelling of some pre-workout supplements into question and highlight the need for more stringent labelling regulations and testing for dietary supplements.

Effects of a Multi-Ingredient Preworkout Supplement Versus Caffeine on Energy Expenditure and Feelings of Fatigue during Low-Intensity Treadmill Exercise in College-Aged Males.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a multi-ingredient (i.e., caffeine, green tea extract, Yohimbe extract, capsicum annum, coleus extract, L-carnitine, beta-alanine, tyrosine) preworkout supplement versus a dose of caffeine (6 mg·kg−1) on energy expenditure during low-intensity exercise. The effects of these treatments on substrate utilization, gas exchange, and psychological factors were also investigated. Twelve males (mean ± SD: age = 22.8 ± 2.4 years) completed three bouts of 60 min of treadmill exercise on separate days after consuming a preworkout supplement, 6 mg·kg−1 of caffeine, or placebo in a randomized fashion. The preworkout and caffeine supplements resulted in significantly greater energy expenditure (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively), 2 (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, respectively), CO2 (p = 0.006, p = 0.049, respectively), and E (p < 0.001, p = 0.007, respectively) compared to placebo (collapsed across condition). There were no differences among conditions, however, for rates of fat or carbohydrate oxidation or respiratory exchange ratio. In addition, the preworkout supplement increased feelings of alertness (p = 0.015) and focus (p = 0.005) 30-min postingestion and decreased feelings of fatigue (p = 0.014) during exercise compared to placebo. Thus, the preworkout supplement increased energy expenditure and measures of gas exchange to the same extent as 6 mg·kg−1 of caffeine with concomitant increased feelings of alertness and focus and decreased feelings of fatigue.

Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplements and Energy Drinks

Human life is very precious therefore keeping in mind we should lead a happy and a healthy lifestyle. Life will only be happy if one is healthy therefore intake of Supplements and Energy drinks both are harmful for the body. Quantity should be kept in mind. Excess of everything has a bad affect on health. Keywords: Multi ingredients pre workout supplements, Energy drinks.

Effects Of A Single Dose Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement On Aerobic Performance In Men And Women

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of a single dose of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on aerobic exercise performance, specifically exercise time and VO2max. METHODS: 41 college-aged adults (age: 21.8±2.5 y; BMI: 25.1±3.0 kg/m2; men=19; women=22) were recruited to participate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. All of the participants were tested in the same week, but separated by 48 hours, and were either provided the MIPS or the placebo (PLA) on each day. As per the manufacturer’s instructions, following the consumption of the drink, the participants waited 25 minutes to begin the test. Aerobic exercise performance was assessed using the Modified Astrand Treadmill Protocol, during which maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximal treadmill time were determined. At maximal treadmill time, heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected. All data were analyzed using gender × trial ANOVAs. In the event of a non-significant interaction, data were analyzed as a single group using dependent t-tests. Alpha level was set to p≤0.05. All comparisons between PLA and MIPS trials were assessed using Cohen’s d effect sizes. All data is presented as mean±standard deviation. RESULTS: No significant gender × trial interactions were observed for any of the data. However, when assessed as a single group there was a significant difference in VO2max (p=0.038) with MIPS (43.8±6.9 mL/kg/min) performing better than PLA (43.0±6.5 mL/kg/min). Furthermore, maximal treadmill time was significantly different (p=0.016) with MIPS (9.4±1.9 min) performing better than PLA (9.0±1.8 min). Cohen’s d effect sizes revealed that the differences in VO2max (d=0.111) and exercise time (d=0.178) were trivial. There were no significant differences between PLA and MIPS for HR, RER, or RPE. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of this MIPS improved maximal treadmill time and VO2max; however, these changes were not very large in magnitude. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of using this MIPS.

Effects Of Alpha-gpc And Huperzine-a On Memory And Power Output Post Exhaustion

INTRODUCTION: The use of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements has been steadily on the rise in the fitness industries. Companies make claims about improvements in performance both physically and cognitively for users but seldom provide research to back up the claims made about the ingredients or dosages. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of Huperzine-A and Alpha-GPC on short term memory and anaerobic power output, post exhaustion compared to caffeine and placebo in healthy college age students. METHODS: The study was conducted as a double blind, placebo controlled, randomized design on 62 healthy adults (N=62 height 68.4 ± 3.5 in., weight 78.5 ± 15.1 kg.). The wash out period was a minimum of 48 hours after completion of the familiarization. Subjects reported to the exercise physiology lab thirty minutes before testing began and consumed either a caffeine, Alpha-GPC and Hup-A, or placebo solution. After the thirty-minute digestion period subjects performed one computer-based short-term memory test, and a thirty-second Wingate anaerobic power test. Subjects then performed an exhaustion protocol before repeating the memory and power test. Once all testing was completed subjects returned between 2 and 14 days after the last test and repeat the protocol. A power analysis was run using G* Power software 3.1.9.2 based from Zeigenfuss et al., (2008). The percent change between pre and post was compared across visits using ANOVA with repeated measures. Significance was found with an Alpha level P ≤ 0.05 with Tukey Post Hoc analysis will be used to determine pairwise comparisons. All stats were run on IBM SPSS 23. RESULTS: The ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey Post Hoc analysis found there was no significant difference in performance pre to post, between groups, or factoring the percent change pre to post. CONCLUSION: This result suggests there is no physical or mental benefit acutely dosing 600 mg. of Alpha-GPC and 200 mcg. of Huperzine-A in healthy recreationally active adults. This was the first study to look at the two in combination so, the finding is neither supported nor opposed to the current body of research. The finding does oppose the logic some supplement companies have been using to justify their sales tactics. Future research should investigate the effects of a loading period on physical and mental performance.

Effects of Multi-ingredient Preworkout Supplements on Physical Performance, Cognitive Performance, Mood State, and Hormone Concentrations in Recreationally Active Men and Women.

Beckner, ME, Pihoker, AA, Darnell, ME, Beals, K, Lovalekar, M, Proessl, F, Flanagan, SD, Arciero, PJ, Nindl, BC, and Martin, BJ. Effects of multi-ingredient preworkout supplements on physical performance, cognitive performance, mood state, and hormone concentrations in recreationally active men and women. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2493-2501, 2022-Performance enhancement supplement research has primarily focused on the effectiveness of individual ingredients, rather than the combination. This study investigated the acute effects of 2 multi-ingredient preworkout supplements (MIPS), with beta-alanine and caffeine (BAC) and without (NBAC), compared with placebo (PLA) on anaerobic performance, endurance capacity, mood state, cognitive function, vascular function, and anabolic hormones. Thirty exercise-trained individuals (24.4 ± 4.9 years, 15 men and 15 women) completed a fatiguing exercise protocol on 3 separate occasions, 30 minutes after ingestion of BAC, NBAC, or PLA. Outcomes were analyzed using one-way or two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, as appropriate (alpha = 0.05). Anaerobic power was greater when supplementing with NBAC (10.7 ± 1.2 W·kg -1 ) and BAC (10.8 ± 1.4 W·kg -1 ) compared with PLA (10.4 ± 1.2 W·kg -1 ) ( p = 0.014 and p = 0.022, respectively). BAC improved V̇ o2 peak time to exhaustion ( p = 0.006), accompanied by an increase in blood lactate accumulation ( p < 0.001), compared with PLA. Both NBAC and BAC demonstrated improved brachial artery diameter after workout ( p = 0.041 and p = 0.005, respectively), but PLA did not. L-arginine concentrations increased from baseline to postsupplement consumption of BAC ( p = 0.017). Reaction time significantly decreased after exercise for all supplements. There was no effect of supplement on mood states. Exercise-trained individuals looking to achieve modest improvements in power and endurance may benefit from consuming MIPS before exercise.

Effects of One Versus Two Doses of a Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement on Metabolic Factors and Perceived Exertion during Moderate-Intensity Running in Females.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of one versus two doses of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement on energy expenditure during moderate-intensity treadmill running. In addition, our second aim was to investigate the responses of associated metabolic factors (i.e., substrate utilization, measures of gas exchange), perceived exertion, and resting cardiovascular variables with one and two doses of the pre-workout supplement. Twelve females (mean ± SD: age = 25.3 ± 9.4 years; body mass = 61.2 ± 6.8 kg) completed three bouts of 30 min of treadmill running at 90% of their ventilatory threshold on separate days after consuming one dose of the pre-workout supplement (1-dose), two doses (2-dose), and a placebo. There were no differences among conditions for energy expenditure, fat or carbohydrate oxidation, respiratory exchange ratio, oxygen consumption, or heart rate across exercise time. The two-dose group, however, had lower (p = 0.036) ratings of perceived exertion (11.8 ± 1.7) than the one-dose (12.6 ± 1.7) and the placebo (12.3 ± 1.2) at the 20-min time point of exercise as well as greater resting systolic blood pressure (110 ± 10 mmHg) compared to the one-dose (106 ± 10 mmHg) and the placebo (104 ± 10 mmHg) conditions. Both the one-dose and two-dose conditions had greater increases in diastolic blood pressure compared to the placebo. Thus, our findings indicated that the present pre-workout supplement had no performance-enhancing benefits related to energy metabolism but did attenuate feelings of exertion.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effect of Multi-ingredient Preworkout Supplementation on Strength, Exercise Volume, and Anaerobic Capacity in Healthy Resistance-Trained Individuals

ABSTRACT This study assessed the effectiveness of multi-ingredient preworkout supplements (MIPSs) when compared with placebo on strength, power, exercise volume, and anaerobic capacity in healthy resistance-trained individuals. Twenty-two (n = 22) studies and 458 participants were included. Quality of outcomes was rated as low and was downgraded mostly because of imprecision and high risk of bias. Optimal forms and strategies on MIPS consumption and use has not yet been rigorously examined. Although improvements were noted for lower body strength (repetitions) and upper body power (Watts), most results were inconclusive, and the results showing improvements were presented in low-quality studies (see Video Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A276).

Effect of Multi-Ingredient Preworkout Supplementation on Repeated Sprint Performance in Recreationally Active Men and Women.

Gonzalez, AM, Pinzone, AG, Bram, J, Salisbury, JL, Lee, S, and Mangine, GT. Effect of multi-ingredient preworkout supplementation on repeated sprint performance in recreationally active men and women. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 918-923, 2020-The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of acute supplementation of a multi-ingredient preworkout supplement (MIPS), containing a proprietary blend of ancient peat and apple extracts, creatine monohydrate, taurine, ribose, and magnesium, on sprint cycling performance. Seventeen recreationally active men and women (23.2 ± 5.9 years; 172.9 ± 14.3 cm; 82.4 ± 14.5 kg) underwent 2 testing sessions administered in a randomized, counterbalanced, double-blind fashion. Subjects were provided either MIPS or placebo (PL) one hour before performing a sprint cycling protocol, which consisted of ten 5-second "all-out" sprints interspersed by 55 seconds of unloaded pedaling. Average power (PAVG), peak power (PPK), average velocity (VAVG), and distance covered were recorded for each sprint. Separate linear mixed models revealed decrements (p < 0.05) compared to the first sprint in PAVG (75-229 W) and PPK (79-209 W) throughout all consecutive sprints after the initial sprint during PL. Likewise, diminished (p ≤ 0.029) VAVG (3.37-6.36 m·s) and distance covered (7.77-9.00 m) were noted after the third and fifth sprints, respectively, during PL. By contrast, during MIPS, only VAVG decreased (2.34-5.87 m·s, p ≤ 0.002) on consecutive sprints after the first sprint, whereas PAVG and PPK were maintained. In addition, a significant decrease (p = 0.045) in distance covered was only observed on the ninth sprint during MIPS. These data suggest that recreational athletes who consumed the MIPS formulation, one hour before a repeated sprinting session on a cycle ergometer, better maintained performance compared with PL.

Effects Of A Single Dose Multi-ingredient Pre-workout Supplement On Aerobic And Anaerobic Performance In Men

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of a single dose of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) on aerobic and repeated anaerobic performance tests. METHODS: Eight college-aged men were recruited to participate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. All participants were tested within the same week separated by 48 hours and were provided either the placebo (PLA) or the MIPS on each day. As per the manufacturer’s instructions, the participants waited 25 minutes to begin the tests, following consumption of the drink. Aerobic exercise performance was assessed using the Modified Astrand Treadmill Protocol, during which maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) and maximal aerobic exercise time were determined. Following this test, participants were provided a 20-minute seated rest period. After the rest period, participants completed a short warm-up which consisted of 2 minutes of cycling at 50 RPMs against a light resistance, followed by 3, 10-second sprints, to determine the max RPMs. After the warm-up, participants completed the repeated anaerobic power test, which consisted of 10, 6-second sprints, with 45 seconds of active rest in between each sprint. For each sprint, a resistance of 7.5% of the participant’s body mass was applied at 90% of their max RPM. Peak power (PP) was determined for each sprint and the percent decline in PP from the first to the last sprint was calculated. V̇O2max, exercise time and the percent decline in PP for the sprints were analyzed using a dependent t-test. The peak power of the 10 sprints were analyzed using 2x10 ANOVA. The alpha level was set a priori to p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the PLA and MIPS for V̇O2max. However, there was a significant difference in treadmill time (p=0.005) with MIPS (10.4±1.6 min) performing better than PLA (10.0±1.6 min). There were no significant differences between the PLA and MIPS when analyzing peak power during the 10 sprints or percent decline in PP. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of this MIPS improved maximal aerobic exercise time despite no changes in V̇O2max. However, this MIPS did not improve performance during a repeated anaerobic power test. Study supported by Cenegenics®

The Effects of Two Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplements on Endurance Capacity and Anaerobic Cycling Performance

The Effects of Two Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplements on Endurance Capacity and Anaerobic Cycling Performance