Multi-Generation Mixing Research Articles

Huffman Coding and Multi-Generation Mixing Assisted Network Coding Based MAC for QoS-Centric Secure Data Communication over MANETs

The exponential rise in wireless transmission has gained widespread attention to meet major mobile communication purposes including, Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications. Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) has emerged as one of the most viable solution to meet aforesaid mobile communication purposes; however, being decentralized and infrastructure-less network it undergoes adversaries including dynamic topology and security breaches due to malicious node attachment during routing. On the contrary, data security and allied Quality-of-Service (QoS) provision are inevitable in NextGen communication systems. Unlike routing-based security measures, Medium Access Control (MAC) based approaches are found more effective for MANETs. However, most of the classical MAC designs either address QoS or security as standalone objective. Unlike existing MAC solutions, in this paper a state-of-art novel Huffman Coding and Multi-Generation Mixing (MGM) assisted random linear network model-based MAC design (HM2-MAC) is proposed for MANET. Realizing the robustness of the network coding algorithms towards reliable, secure and error-free multicast transmission, we designed HM2-MAC in such manner that Huffman coding helps securing the source data packets, while MGM concept enables reduction in redundant packets to make overall communication resource efficient and secure. Unlike redundant packet-per-generation, MGM concept helps in reducing redundant transmission and hence achieves resource efficiency. Since, in HM2-MAC model the coefficient matrix used to encode the data is known only to the sink, no intermediate node can decode it or can pollute it. It makes multicast transmission more secure over MANET. Additionally, the use of iterative buffer flush technique preserves resources or buffer to accommodate more data for transmission and hence higher throughput. Noticeably, error sensitive packetization and MGM control strengthens our proposed model to retain optimal performance. HM2-MAC has been applied as a sub-layer of native IEEE 802.11 MAC and hence retains backward compatibility towards real-world implementation. MATLAB based simulation revealed that our proposed HM2-MAC protocol achieved almost 99.6% throughput even under varying link-loss patterns, which reveals its robustness to ensure QoS delivery with secure data transmission in MANET.

Systematic-RLNC Based Secure and QoS Centric Routing Scheme for WSNs

In this paper a highly robust and efficient systematic-random linear network coding (S-RLNC) routing scheme is proposed. Unlike classic security systems, the proposed S-RLNC transmission model incorporates an advanced pre-coding and interleaving concept followed by multigeneration mixing (MGM) based data transmission to assure secure and QoS efficient communication. The proposed S-RLNC MGM based routing scheme exhibits higher throughput (99.5-100%) than the existing NCC-ARQ-WSN protocol (80%). Unlike NCC-ARQ-WSN, the proposed model incorporates multiple enhancements, such as RLNC concept, systematic network coding, MGM concept, IBF provision and redundant packet optimization. Combined, all these optimizations have strengthened the proposed S-RLNC MGM to exhibit optimum performance for secure and QoS-centric communication over WSNs.

SDN-Enabled Network Coding-Based Secure Data Dissemination in VANET Environment

Security and reliability in data transmission are considered as the challenging concerns in VANET. Software-defined networking (SDN) and network coding (NC) are the two key apprehensions in networking that have caught much attention from both industry and academia in recent years. Decoupling of control plane and data plane in SDN enables the centralized control of the network, providing flexibility to a great extent. On the other hand, NC has shown immense potential for improving robustness and security when deployed on VANET. This article advocates for the design of an architecture which exercises the SDN concept by incorporating NC with multigeneration-mixing (MGM) functionalities to increase reliability as well as security of data transmission in vehicular networks. We design an MGM-based NC protocol for encoding and decoding of data. Moreover, a centralized SDN controller takes charge of authentication of vehicles. Finally, we build a simulation model based on realistic traffic and communication characteristics. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol leveraged by the SDN framework outperforms the conventional NC-based protocol in case of security and reliability. Moreover, the simulation model is exhibited and point-by-point execution assessment is given to demonstrate the scalability and prevalence of the proposed strategy.

A Framework for Video Network Coding with Multi-generation Mixing

Multi-Generation Mixing (MGM) is a generalized approach of Network Coding (NC) that has its improvements when applied in packet loss networks. In this paper we apply MGM network coding in networks communicating video contents. NC has shown viable improvements when applied in packet loss networks. With practical network coding (generation based network coding), packets are grouped in chunks called generations. Generation is the unit of network coding encoding and decoding. The generation grouping of packets is necessary for the practical deployment of network coding. On the other hand it increases the cost of NC losses. NC losses reduce the ability of receiver to decode packets, and hence can severely degrade the quality of recovered video. Video is encoded in layers with Scalable Video Coding (SVC) a base layer and one or more enhancement layers. MGM employs the layering of scalable video to enhance the reliability of communication. MGM provides different levels of reliable communication for the different video layers to improve the overall reliability of video communication. SVC enhancement layers are dependent on lower layers to be recovered. With MGM enhancement layers support the recovery of lower layers. This is done by network encoding lower video layers in higher layers. Through extensive simulations, we show that MGM highly improves the quality of recovered video.

Network Coding with Multi-Generation Mixing: A Generalized Framework for Practical Network Coding

Due to the broadcast nature of wireless networks they have been a natural platform for applying Network Coding (NC). Wireless networks can benefit significantly from NC due to their broadcast nature and the opportunity of enhancing bandwidth utilization. In this paper, we develop Multi-Generation Mixing (MGM), which is a generalized approach for generation based network coding. With traditional generation based NC sender packets are grouped in generations where encoding and decoding are performed on packets that belong to the same generation. In scenarios where losses cause insufficient reception of encoded packets, NC losses occur. NC losses are expensive; the minimum unit of loss is the loss of one generation. The proposed MGM framework allows the encoding among generations for the purpose of enhancing NC decodability. With MGM in scenarios where insufficient number of encodings received of a generation, it is still possible to recover the generation using data encoded in other generations. We develop MGM encoding and decoding approaches, and demonstrate the improvements in performance achieved by MGM. Further, a canonical analytical model for MGM network coding is developed, and, extensive simulations over random wireless networks experiencing random packet losses are presented.