Multi-ethnic Space Research Articles

Armenian Diaspora of Mordovia: Socio-Cultural Portrait (Experience of Sociological Analysis)

Introduction. The relevance of studying national diasporas in Russia is due to the intensification of ethno-confessional contradictions in the near abroad and the expansion of migration flows. The importance of the issues of adaptation and integration of migrants within the framework of established regional societies increases, a certain conflict potential within diasporas is fixed. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the data of the sociological study of the Armenian Diaspora for 2023 was introduced into scientific circulation. The purpose of the article is to describe the sociocultural portrait of the Armenian Diaspora in the conditions of a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional region (Republic of Mordovia).Methodology and sources. The genre of the sociological portrait in the framework of the study of society involves a comprehensive description of society, a systematic analysis of its basic characteristics. The authors compiled a sociocultural portrait of the Armenian diaspora, and at the same time emphasized the problems of adaptation and integration of Armenians into the multiethnic space of the region.Results and discussion. The primary data were the results of two waves of sociological research in 2017 and 2023, conducted by employees of the State Institution of the Republic of Moldova «Scientific Center for Socio-Economic Monitoring». 185 respondents were interviewed in 2017 and 285 in 2023. The sample is targeted, the recruitment of respondents was carried out through regional diaspora networks, as well as by the «snowball» method. As a result, the features of the settlement of the Armenian Diaspora, employment and labor practices are identified. The article characterizes the ethnic and confessional attitudes of the diaspora, and also reveals the specifics of social identity and linguistic attitudes.Conclusion. The socio-cultural portrait of the Armenian Diaspora in Mordovia is quite static and differs in already formed features. The social well-being of Armenians in Mordovia is generally positive. Positive assessments prevail in the perception of the financial situation, relations with the local society, and respect for their rights. The integration processes taking place in the Armenian Diaspora are characterized by a high degree of expression and positive dynamics, but do not imply complete assimilation. Integration occurs with varying degrees of intensity in specific areas of everyday life, such as economic, social, cultural and political.

Scientific Conference “Citizenship and Patriotism of Youth in the multi-confessional and multi-Ethnic Space of Russia” (XVII Safargaliev Scientific Readings) (October 26–27, 2023, Saransk)

The materials of the analytical report reflect the main directions and results of the All-Russian scientific conference “Citizenship and patriotism of youth in the multi-confessional and multi-ethnic space of Russia” (XVII Safargaliev Scientific Readings). The conference took place on October 26-27, 2023 at the National Research Mordovian State University and became a platform for dialogue between Slavic, Finn-Ugric and Turkic peoples, representatives of Orthodoxy and Islam.

Research field of demographic security in the multi-ethnic space of narratives of students

The demographic situation in Russia is characterized by a persistently narrowed type of population reproduction, which certainly actualizes the study of narratives on demographic security and involves understanding the attitudes and risks associated with demographic behavior. Kazan universities are a good platform for studying the demographic behavior of student youth, where mutual influence of the attitudes of the Turkic world and the Russian mental context occurs. The article discusses the features of using the focus group method in the research field of demographic security, with students of Kazan in a multiethnic youth environment. As a result of conducting 16 cases using the focus group method and based on 50 free interviews with its participants, which were conducted 7 days after each focus group, the key attitudes of demographic behavior (reproductive, self-preservation, migration and matrimonial) of student youth in a multi-ethnic environment were identified and the image of the future in demographic security narratives. The focus group method is presented as a platform that makes it possible to create a certain “meta-story”, where the demographic attitudes of young educated representatives of different ethnic groups are realized, the degree of their compatibility, and a search for ways of a possible joint future is developed..

Manifestări etno-folclorice ale grupurilor etnice din Bucovina între dinamism și conservare

In the present work, we aim to create an overview of the specifics of the existing ethnic groups in Bukovina, considering, in particular, manifestations of their folklore in the context of the present. Likewise, another objective of the research is represented by the monitoring of these folklore facts, in order to observe both the dynamism and the preservation of the identity. Thus, the existence of a favourable climate within the Bukovina community favoured the formation of a multi-ethnic space in which each ethnic group had a well-established place, forming, as specialists claim, the so-called homo bucovinensis, as a model of a tolerant and lenient. In this way, we will observe the directions of the ethno-folkloric dynamism specific to the ethnic groups in Bukovina (Jews, Poles, Ukrainians, Hutsuls, Roma, Lipovans, etc.), analysing the way of updating the myth in these minorities and the role of the myth in contemporary society. Among the most important folklore manifestations, we will focus on three important elements: currently existing rites of passage (funeral, wedding), the image of the demonic in the collective mind and functions of pilgrimages, on the border between ritual and tourism. Due to the dynamism existing within contemporary society, some of these ethno-folkloric manifestations have undergone numerous changes, both in form and content, and thus we can talk about the so-called kitsch, as a contemporary element that is a component of the specific folklore within the ethnic groups in sight. The attempt to trivialize the ethnic specifics of minorities must be considered a negative effect of contemporary society, where preserving popular customs, traditions or gastronomic specifics no longer represents a special interest for current consumerism. The conclusion we have to reach illustrates the fact that ethnic groups become part of a collective identity where customs related to holidays, rites of passage, ceremonial events in human life require treaties with a necessary responsibility. Within the existing minorities in Bukovina, cultural tolerance is a value of the society, thus there is an awareness of the ethnic peculiarities of each area and a respect for them, at the

Memory of the Past in the Multi-Ethnic Space of Danube Cities

The article presents the issues of preserving the historical memory of the cities of Southern Bessarabia (the southwestern part of Odesa region, Ukraine). The specific features of the region’s historical development, frequent changes in the state affiliation, intermixture and diversity of confessional and ethnographic aspects contributed to the formation of a special, multicultural and polyethnic habitat for the residents of this region. The region’s cities, formed many centuries ago, demonstrate specific, often unique features of the memory of the past, embodied in the temples, street names, residential buildings, and administrative and fortification structures. The preservation of the urban memory and its popularisation serve as the foundation of human beings who are free from prejudice, protect their identity and are tolerant of their neighbours.

On Civilization's Edge: A Polish Borderland in the Interwar World

Józef Piłsudski once quipped that Poland was like a bagel: everything of substance on the outside, empty inside. That was his way of valorizing the so-called Kresy, the eastern borderlands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Dating from the Romantic period of the nineteenth century, the myth of the Kresy celebrated a Polish-ruled multiethnic space where diversity and difference had been respected. It has been argued that Piłsudski and his followers sought to foster a similar multiculturalism in their nascent state.The reality on the ground in the Second Polish Republic, the short-lived interwar state, looks somewhat different in Kathryn Ciancia's telling. Ciancia goes beyond the hoary and not always helpful dichotomy between notions of civic and ethnic nationhood, personified in the Polish case by the persons and camps of Piłsudski and Roman Dmowski, by examining more closely what transpired in the provinces, far removed from Warsaw. Her history of a discrete Polish borderland region is notably refracted through a global lens, with the Second Polish Republic located somewhere in the middle: not up to the West European standards of the day but rather perched precariously on the edge of the West, aspiring to “civilize” its own “East” within.The borderland region under investigation is the multiethnic borderland province of Volhynia, today a part of Ukraine. Like Poland in global perspective, this middling province—not interwar Poland's poorest, but close—occupied a similar place within the state: it was “an area of civilizational in-betweenness that both retained certain desirable premodern characteristics and was in desperate need of the right kind of modernization” (p. 9). The book's cast of characters—the nationally conscious, avowedly Polish border guards, local bureaucrats, urban planners, teachers, health care workers, military settlers, and so on—also seem to have been in the middle position: they were neither the central authorities (quite absent from the book) nor the locals who they came to “civilize.” These “second-tier players” (p. 11 and passim) were the people on the ground engaged in state- and nation-building—engaged in a more broadly defined politics, as Ciancia would have it.Elegantly written and impressively nuanced, On Civilization's Edge: A Polish Borderland in the Interwar World presents attempts at civilizing an all-too-challenging multiethnic European borderland. They seemed sentenced to fail, the bar set by the historically-conditioned Kresy myth being too high: how to modernize a fragile multiethnic borderland while respecting difference and allowing for (or even encouraging) regional distinctiveness? Ciancia's finely grained analysis, based on a close reading of a wide range of sources in at least five languages, demonstrates the limits of inclusion, even on the part of the Piłsudskiites. Instead, inclusion and exclusion are shown to vary situationally. Witness the contrast between the treatment of Jews and Ruthenes/Ukrainians. As Russified urban dwellers, Jews were considered too prevalent in the region's towns. Even a bona fide Piłsudskiite like Volhynian governor Henryk Józewski sought to dilute the Jewish element by expanding the urban borders to encompass the surrounding Slavic settlements—in this instance treating the Ruthenes/Ukrainians inclusively. By the end of the 1930s (and with Józewski out of power) Jews were reckoned unassimilable—thus excluded from the national body; by contrast, Ruthenes ultimately were labeled nationally uncertain, thus making them prime objects of (“re”)Polonization. In the end, Piłsudski's bagel proved not to be the bulwark of Polishness he postulated; nor was his multiethnic borderland ever fully integrated into the larger Polish whole (if one can speak thus of the interwar state, which resembled more a mini-empire than nation-state).Bookended by an impressive introduction and conclusion, seven substantive chapters deal more specifically with the region's towns and villages and the work of individual groups of second-tier actors over time. Each of Ciancia's chapters is a model of clarity, containing singular insights into attempts at modernizing a borderland region that doggedly persisted as a multiethnic backwater. A short review like this simply cannot do justice to this fine and pathbreaking book. On Civilization's Edge should be required reading for aspiring scholars in the field of Polish and East-Central European history and anyone interested in interwar Poland. Given the global framing of the book, even those interested in broader issues of European colonialism and imperialism could profit from reading it.

Исследование этнической и гражданской идентичности студентов вуза

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of ethnic and civic identity of student youth, the education of a culture of interethnic relations in an educational institution. The article presents an analysis of the literature on the problem under consideration, considers state approaches to solving issues of ethnicity and citizenship. The relevance of the study is due to the reasons that require a timely response to the changes taking place in the modern multi-ethnic space. The multinationality of the Russian Federation, the ambiguity of historically established interethnic relations, the active development in the minds of modern youth of attitudes not only towards material, but also spiritual globalization, allow us to pay special attention to the process of forming ethnic and civic identity of the individual. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the formation of ethnic and civic identity and to identify their relationship in the student environment. The author cites the results of his own empirical studies of the general civic and ethnic identity of university students. The use of the methods of questioning, interviewing, observation and generalization of pedagogical experience helped the author in determining the main directions of ethno-cultural education of students. Ethnic identity is a necessary step in the formation of citizenship of student youth, it makes it easier and faster to interact with representatives of other ethnic groups, unites and helps to adapt to new cultural conditions.

Communicative and Еthno-pedagogical Сompetence as a Basic Professionally Significant Characteristic of Future Teachers in the Process of Education in a Polyethnic Higher Education Institution

Education is given a special role in formation of socially responsible and spiritual and moral personality of a citizen of multi-ethnic country, who relies in his/her development on the spiritual traditionsof the ancestors, protecting the values developed in the centuries-old history of the life of the country’sethnic groups. At present, in a multi-ethnic space, the development of the communicative and ethnopedagogical competence of future teachers is of great importance, since it is the future teachers whowill teach the younger generation in a multinational society. The significance is also associated with thefeatures of the multinational and multi-ethnic society of Kazakhstan. The article highlights the issues ofidentifying the essential characteristics of communicative and ethnopedagogical competence, determining the role of the university in the system of training scientific and pedagogical staff. The article dealswith the principles of formation of communicative-ethnopedagogical competence of future teachers. Aculturological approach is considered, which allows us to consider ethnopedagogical phenomena as aset of cultural components on a broad sociocultural background and taking into account the local cultural situation, and the studied objects as phenomena of ethnoculture. The content of communicative ethnopedagogical competence is proposed. A practical study was carried out to diagnose the formationof communicative and ethnopedagogical competence of students as future teachers. Experimental work  was carried out on the basis of L. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (Nur-Sultan) and ToraigyrovUniversity (Pavlodar), 159 students took part in it. Classes for students on the formation of communicative-ethnopedagogical competence of students in the experimental group were conducted according toan interdisciplinary curriculum.Key words: communicative-ethnopedagogical competence, ethnopedagogics, communication,competence, higher education, future teachers.

Chuvash gusli in the scientific heritage of V.A.Moshkov

The subject of the study was instrumental music of the Chuvash and wider – instrumental gusel tradition of the Volga region. The object of the research is the work on the music of the peoples of the Volga region by the scientist-ethnographer of the XIX century V.A.Moshkov "Melodies of the Volga-Kamya" (1894), the first serious study and musical-theoretical monograph on the traditional music of the peoples of the Volga region. Applying the method of performing approbation, the author for the first time gives instrumental comments on the materials, explores the notation and the structure of the gusli, as a result of which the important role of the positional thinking of the musician is revealed - an aspect that regulates the key parameters of the performing process and plays an essential role in the instrumental music of the peoples of the Volga region.   The scientific novelty of the article lies in the instrumental analysis, applied for the first time to the notes of V.A. Moshkov, which had not previously been subjected to the performing-approbation method of research and affecting the most important elements of music - the features of instrument tuning and notation of the playing. The study of the problem of matching the structure of the instrument to the recorded playing is one of the most pressing questions of the researcher when trying to reproduce notations, the further alignment of the entire performing body of notation - fingering, agogics, textural accompaniment, strokes and ultimately the structure of the playing depends on it. Having examined Moshkov's materials, the author of the article discovers identical elements of performing culture in the Mari tradition, geographically and historically existing in the neighborhood of the Chuvash ethnos, which confirms the general opinion of researchers about the Volga-Kamya region as a multiethnic space of "mosaic" cultural elements, a unique combination of which constitutes the identity of each tradition.

The Remaking and Unmaking of Multi-Ethnic Spaces. Diyarbakir and Southeast Anatolia in the 21st Century

Focusing on 21st century developments in southeast Anatolia, this article examines the circumstances of minority communities within the contexts of the shifting dynamics of Turkey’s national project. Until the early 20th century southeast Anatolia was an ethnic patchwork. The early republican era saw efforts to “Turkify” through the promulgation of a national identity project asserting ethnic unity. From the 1980s, conflict with the PKK gave urgency to the notion that uniformity was paramount for national cohesion. In this milieu, ethnic diversity was suspect. Circumstances changed with the AKP government’s 2002 ascendance and the earlier emergence of Kurdish municipal politicians. This article documents how thereafter the re-imagining of the national project away from an exclusive ethnic categorisation allowed acknowledgement and accommodation of ethnic and religious diversity across southeast Anatolia. The chapter analyses these events in light of a backlash by nationalist politicians, the 2015 re-ignition of the PKK conflict and the subsequent resurgence of nationalist rhetoric in the political arena. It appears a narrow, exclusive national identity is re-asserting itself. The article thus examines the extent to which the experience of south-eastern Anatolia represents the re-imagining of Turkey’s national project and the embrace of a previously denied multi-ethnic socio-political fabric.

Иностранные студенты в полиэтничном пространстве российских вузов: проблемы адаптации и интеграции в научно-исследовательских практиках

Objective of the study is to consider the features of disciplinary practices in the field of studying foreign students in Russia in the context of their adaptation and integration to the multi-ethnic conditions of the host regional community and the university environment. The methodological basis of the research is based on the principles and provisions of an interdisciplinary approach, which assumes the possibility and prospects for the synthesis of accumulated scientific knowledge in a particular scientific field in order to form an integrated approach to the study of an urgent scientific problem, in this case related to the socio-cultural adaptation of migrant students. Research results allowed us to substantiate the point of view about the greatest methodological potential in studying the adaptation of foreign students in the multi-ethnic space of Russian regions and universities of a multidisciplinary approach, which, being at the junction of disciplinary practices, allows us to optimally integrate the accumulated knowledge in this subject field, formed in various fields and spheres of social and humanitarian science.   Prospects of the study are determined by the lack of independent sociological research carried out in the subject field, which actualizes the factor of polyethnicity in the adaptation of foreign students studying at Russian universities. The presence of separate storylines included in the general adaptation context of the problems related to foreign students in Russia does not remove from the scientific agenda the issue of conducting independent sociological research aimed at studying the barriers to adaptation and integration of foreign citizens studying at universities in multi-ethnic regions of Russia. This position is justified by the empirically confirmed facts of the influence of the ethnic/racial affiliation of foreign students on the difficulties of adaptation in the multi-ethnic environment of Russian universities and integration into the local regional community.  

Parameters of Disavowal: Colonial Representation in South Korean Cinema

Parameters of Disavowal: Colonial Representation in South Korean Cinema

Old Rebellions, New Minorities: Ma Family Leaders and Debates Over Communal Representation Following the Xinhai Rebellion, 1911

ABSTRACT Following the 1911 Xinhai Rebellion, the new leadership began to stress the fundamental unity of the peoples of the new Republic of China, even as newspaper commentaries foretold the need for separate Muslim representation as the only way to buy the participation of that constituency in the new state. Influential Chinese Muslim military leaders controlled much of the northwest; their participation in the new state was crucial to its survival. However, whilst the legacies of a nineteenth century process of minoritization meant it was often assumed Muslims would want either separate representation or independence, separate representation was never a cause the northwestern leadership truly espoused. Instead, although figures such as Ma Anliang, Ma Bufang and Ma Fuxiang were recognized unofficially as ‘Muslim leaders’, they promoted themselves as experts on other minorities, and as guardians of the integrity of the old, multi-ethnic space that had been the Qing empire. This article argues that in rejecting their own minoritization, the Chinese Muslim leaders sought to ensure the place of other minorities – Tibetan, Mongolian, Turkic – in the emerging framework of the Chinese Nationalist state, often with great violence. Only then could they be afforded space within that new state as one minority among others.

RUSSIAN PEASANTRY IN THE MULTI-ETHNIC SPACE OF THE «UDMURT UYEZDS» OF THE KAMA-VYATKA REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (migration and demographic processes, inter-ethnic relations)

The article deals with the issues of the settlement of the Russian peasantry, demographic processes, certain aspects of interaction and mutual influence of ethnic groups’ cultures in the multi-ethnic space of the «Udmurt uyezds» of the Kama-Vyatka region in the post-reform period. The Russian peasantry settled on the designated territory for a long period and with varying degrees of intensity. The pacemaker process before the Great Reforms of Alexander II was migration from various Russian regions. In the second half of the XIX century, the priority direction was the process of internal migration. The Russians are becoming a numerically predominant ethnic group in the «Udmurt uyezds». In Glazovsky Uyezd, the increase in the number of Russian peasants was associated with the formation of settlements around mining and metallurgical enterprises. As a result, their population became mono-ethnic. In Sarapul uyezd, the main part of the settlements was formed in the second half of the XVIII – early XIX centuries. In the second half of the XIX century, there was a change in the ethnic composition of individual villages. The Russian newly-arrived peasantry more often settled in the already existing Udmurt small settlements and villages. There are cases of Russian peasants ousting representatives of other ethnic groups from the territories they inhabited. Similar trends can be traced in Malmyzh district. Based on the actual material of this uyezd, the reasons for the contradictions that arise between different ethnic groups are viewed. Most often, they occurred in the field of farming, which is characterized by technological techniques, established community traditions and ethno-confessional commitments. In Yelabuga uyezd, in contrast to Malmyzh uyezd, the process of cultures’ mutual influence developed widely. A joint good-neighborly settlement of the Russian, Udmurt, and Mari peasantry brought fruitful results in the exchange of agricultural experience and technological techniques in craftsman enterprises. Moreover, heterogeneous marriages often occurred here, which intensified interaction of ethnic traditions. Cases of indigenous population displacement by migrants were rather an exception. The dynamics of interethnic relations development in uyezds had its own peculiarities, however in the Kama-Vyatka region in the post-reform period, it can be described as moderately good-neighborly. Peasants of various ethnic groups exchanged economic and cultural experience.

Факторы формирования веротерпимости (на примере социологического опроса городского населения Дагестана)

The problem of interreligious tolerance, the nature of relations between followers of different faiths is actualized in the multi-confessional and multi-ethnic space. As part of the study of religious identity and cult behavior of the urban population of Dagestan, the issue of religious tolerance, as well as factors of deterioration in the interreligious sphere, was touched upon. Empirical data show that the spread of new religious movements, alien to traditional Islam, appearance of political parties and leaders using religious feelings of the population for political ends, the desire of Islamic organi-zations to get an exclusive position in Dagestani society and the struggle and ambitions of spiritual leaders (imams) for influence, – all contribute to religious intolerance in contemporary Dagestani society. In the mass consciousness of urban population in general, one can observe a positive atti-tude towards proselytism and proselytizing activities, although the subgroups identifying themselves as unbelievers and vocal unbelievers emphasize the destructive role of this process with the motiva-tion of deteriorating, firstly, the ethnic situation, and, secondly, the inter-religious relations in socie-ty. In addition, empirical data show that the urban population surveyed believes that the main func-tion of clergy is public ministry, assistance to the needy, spiritual and moral education. At the same time religious organizations are viewed as unable to effectively resolve the problems of interethnic confrontation and ethnic conflicts.

Dynamics of coexistence of Slavic, Hungarian and German oikonyms of the Žitný ostrov area

Abstract Today, Žitný ostrov is a bilingual Slovak-Hungarian territory along the river Danube and the Little Danube, and since the 10th century it has been formed as a multi-ethnic space. The recently completed diachronic research on hydronymy in this area has created the conditions for a more comprehensive study of the dynamics of ethnic relations in the oikonymy of the region. The article presents an analysis of medieval oikonyms, documented from the beginning of the 12th century. It brings a linguistic reconstruction of originally Slavic names, adopted and adapted by the Hungarian and occasionally also by the German ethnic population, and an analysis of original Hungarian and German oikonyms. The presented results specify i) the knowledge of the development of demographics of the area, ii) the extent of foreign ethnic interventions in the onymic system, iii) ethnic and interlingual relations, iv) the mode of interlingual adaptation of older oikonyms (Slovak – Hungarian, Slovak – German, Hungarian – German, German – Slovak, and finally Hungarian – Slovak), and v) the extent and forms of coexistence of Slovak, Hungarian and German oikonyms in the Middle Ages with an overlap to the present.

Mobility, Multiculturalism and Memory in Croatian Istria

ABSTRACT This article examines Istrianism as a form of regional cultural identity. In doing so, it regards Istria as an important transnational borderland and investigates the historical circumstances that underlie the manifest multiculturalism of the region. It focuses on an analysis of key socio-historical circumstances that conditioned the cultural heterogeneity of the region, exploring the impact Habsburg heritage in particular had on current socio-cultural policies and interactions. It examines the Istrian peninsula as part of the Austrian Riviera to determine the effects the polyphonic state structure of the Austro-Hungarian Empire had, probing whether this multicultural legacy is connected to the sustained cultural hybridity of Istria today. The present-day IDS party is examined in terms of its relationship to this past. This paper posits the Austrian Littoral as a tolerant, multi-ethnic space where notions of belonging and cultural identity became purposely intertwined, producing a distinct form of citizenship that was not defined by political ordinance alone, but rather by human agency and the immediacy of basic day to day interactions.

Советское нациестроительство: организационные практики и проблемы федерализма. 1920-е гг.

The article analyses some problems of Soviet nation-building and the formation of the federal system in the 1920s, using a new source on the activities of the Nationalities Department of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK). The activity of the Department of Nationalities of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (1919-1937) was directly linked to the implementation of nationality policy in the RSFSR, although it occupied a subordinate position in the emerging Soviet system of national-state building. During the formation of the USSR and after the liquidation of the People’s Commissariat for Nationalities, it was the Department that accumulated in its practice the integrative organizational, administrative, socio-cultural, and other functions that were associated with the modernizing efforts of the authorities in the multi-ethnic space of the USSR and the RSFSR itself. As part of the executive body of the supreme power of the largest USSR republics, the Department dealt with many operational and planning issues related to the organization of local executive bodies on national issues, helping the representations of autonomies in the capital, preparing normative acts on nation-building issues, and providing direct administrative, financial, economic, social and cultural support to autonomies. The relationship between the center and the autonomies was a major focus, and the tasks of the Nationalities Division required them to act as intermediaries in their cooperation with various agencies in the center and in the regions. The author focuses on several fundamental issues of nation-state building through the prism of the AllRussian Central Executive Committee Department and its head S.D. Asfendiyarov in 1926-1927, when the important discussions and appeals of the leaders of several autonomies to the center were held to settle the relations between different subjects of the federation, all-Russian and all-union process of state building.

СВЯТЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ И НАРОДНАЯ РЕЛИГИОЗНОСТЬ ПРАВОСЛАВНОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ УРАЛА В 1954–1964 ГОДАХ

The tradition of attributing mythological and religious meanings to natural phenomena, the formation of a ritual culture associated with trees, stones, water sources, atmospheric phenomena, etc., refers to the most ancient sacred practices of human communities. This stimulated philosophical, cultural, and anthropological studies of this phenomenon in the context of Orthodox culture, aimed at identifying the relations between pagan and Christian symbols and rituals and analyzing the problem of dual faith among the Orthodox population of Russia. Historical studies of the manifestations of folk religiosity are still at the stage of generalizing empirical material. The subject of the article is a study of folk religious practices in the historical context of Khrushchev’s anti-religious campaign. The focus of the study is on the Orthodox traditions of venerating water sources. The specificity of the approach is the analysis of the elements of folk religiosity (using the example of the veneration of “holy sources”) as a manifestation of everyday practices of adaptation and survival of believers in the USSR. Despite the banishment of religion from public space in the era of Nikita Khrushchev, belief in miracles and miraculous healings and visits to holy places were common not only among Orthodox Soviet people, but also among those who were considered “atheists”. Regional features of folk religion in the Urals were the redefinition of holy places in the multi-ethnic space of the region and the use of water sources for folk medicine in an underdeveloped health care system. For certain categories of Soviet citizens (former priests, monks and nuns, marginalized elements, etc.), the sphere of folk religiosity was a space for the realization of subjectivity, different from the “normative” one. As a result of a comparative-historical approach, it is shown that the practices of venerating holy sources in the Urals fit into the all-union framework of the phenomenon.

Этническая идентичность украинцев и потомков украинских переселенцев Сибири в работах исследователей в 1990-2010-е годы

The purpose of the study is to identify a range of scientific issues in the Siberian researchers’ works on ethnic identity of the Ukrainians and descendants of the Ukrainian immigrants taking into account regional specificities within multi-ethnic space. Scientific novelty of the article lies in conducting the first historiographical analysis of the issue of ethnic identity of the Ukrainians and descendants of the Ukrainian immigrants, as well as in characterising its local specificity. The results of the study have shown that it is necessary to develop a comprehensive programme for researching this sphere in combination with the interdisciplinary approach to designing questionnaires or surveys, broadening the problematic area and collecting new field data.